廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)高級翻譯學(xué)院高級英漢漢英口譯課件12

1、Session 12語體與語域1語體（Style/Linguistic Style） “同一語言品種(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語、方言、社會方言等)使用者在不同的場合中典型地使用該語言品種的變體。”(程雨民, 英語語體學(xué)，1989) 2語域（Register） A style associated with a language communication occasion; it is a form of language used in a specific language environment and taking certain features.3情景因素(Ghadessy, 1993) 1）話語范

2、圍 (field of discourse) nature, content and functions of communication2）話語方式 (mode of discourse) internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discourse3）話語基調(diào) (tenor of discourse) permanent or temporary relations between the speakers4語言功能 (Halliday, 1985)1）語意功能(ideational function) organises peopl

3、e, things, behaviour, incidents, conditions, etc.2）人際功能( interpersonal function ) establishes social relations, eg. titles, modes3）篇章功能(textual function) forms coherent written or oral paragraphs that match a certain occasion5變體（Varieties）1Regional Varieties (地域變體，指按地域劃分的同一種語言的方言形式)；2Social Varietie

4、s (社會變體，指由于使用人群不同而出現(xiàn)的術(shù)語、行話等形式)；3Written Varieties (書面變體，指根據(jù)場合不同而表現(xiàn)出來的口語和書面語形式)；4Stylistic Varieties (風(fēng)格變體，指由于語域差異而區(qū)分的不同風(fēng)格語體，如公文、科技、法律等)。6Varieties Make Things Complex 講起今時今日香港商業(yè)的表現(xiàn)，確是不盡如人意。好像我們這些飲食生意，都是好難做的。沒辦法啦，世道艱難，現(xiàn)在香港人個個都過得比較辛苦，冇錢都是去茶餐廳吃，好少幫襯我們這些大酒樓。不過我對香港還是好有信心的。真正熱愛香港的香港人絕對不會希望唱衰香港。返觀特區(qū)政府，其實都俾

5、足心機(jī)重振香港經(jīng)濟(jì)。中央政府對我們也非常關(guān)心，好像自由行啦，CEPA啦，都刺激了香港的商業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在好多來酒樓吃飯的都是大陸客，我都好想他們多點來香港走動，幫我們把生意做大做旺。 7Varieties Make Things Complex Indonesia China bilateral trade has experienced a moderate deficit between the year of 2000 and 2001, while it has rebounced in the year of 2002 with growth recorded at 17.5% from 2

6、001 to 2002. In 2002, although the balance of trade of Indonesia and China is in favour of Indonesia, but its changes shows a negative trend. Indonesian main non-oil and gas export to China are pulp and vegetable oil, meanwhile Chinas main non-oil and gas export to Indonesia are corn, chemicals and

7、fruits. By looking at a glance to our export and import activities, we should discuss other opportunities that could be benefited both countries. It is our obligation to find a way to increase trade and develop better cooperation in all sectors for the better future of our nations. 8Functions of sty

8、le/register in interpretation:1) It helps the interpreter anticipate coming discourse2) It confines the interpreter in organising his/her own discourse9Examples Analysis 非常感謝您能邀請敝人參加這次招待會, 敝人的確過得愉快。 It was extremely gracious of you to have invited me to the reception, and I had bags of fun there .10

9、 現(xiàn)在，請舉杯，為我們的成功合作和雙方長期的友誼，干杯！ Now allow me to propose a toast to our successful cooperation and to our long-standing friendship, bottoms up! 11 堅持一個中國的原則是實現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和前提。中國的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土決不容許分割。 Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification. Chinas sovereignty and te

10、rritory must never be allowed to suffer division.12 在這里，我愿重申：中國將堅定不移地高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，走和平發(fā)展道路。中國將始終不渝地把自身的發(fā)展與人類共同進(jìn)步聯(lián)系在一起。 I wish to reiterate here that China will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, unswervingly follow the road of peaceful development. We will, and a

11、lways, integrate our development with the common progress of mankind. 13Five Linguistic Styles:莊嚴(yán) (frozen)正式(formal)商議 (consultative)隨意 (casual)親密 (intimate)14Examples Analysis The defendant wishes to inform the court that he is innocent. He wants to tell you he didnt do it. 15Examples Analysis The

12、company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue. Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont t

13、hink its going to go on.16 The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend will continue.我公司尚難確定事情發(fā)生的原因。對于價格下跌我方不能做出解釋, 但我方認(rèn)為此趨勢將不會繼續(xù)。 Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why

14、 thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont think its going to go on.(啊),就像今天上午我告訴他們的那樣, 你們不能說清為什么發(fā)生那事。(這個), 你們不能解釋價格下跌的原因, 不過我想它不會繼續(xù)下跌。 17Examples Analysis We might acquire some sodium chloride. (正式的、專業(yè)的) We can get some sodium chloride. (非正式的、專業(yè)的) We may obtain some

15、salt. (正式的、非專業(yè)的) We can get some salt. (非正式的、非專業(yè)的)18Examples Analysis現(xiàn)在北京人特別有這種感覺，一到過年過節(jié)啦，保姆都要回家，就不得了了，家里面沒有人管孩子，就成了很大的問題。People in Beijing often have such an experience: When the housekeeper leaves to spend the Chinese New Year or festivals with her family, they will feel very inconvenient because

16、no one will take care of the child. 19Examples Analysis所以有些個地方官員確實不重視農(nóng)業(yè)，確實是口號農(nóng)業(yè)，口頭講得很響亮，實際并不那么干，實際上還是挖農(nóng)業(yè)、損害農(nóng)業(yè)。Therefore, some local officials talk loudly about agriculture, but their actions do not match their words. In fact, they are undermining agriculture.20Examples Analysis為什么呢？美國它今天說你對我出口太多，進(jìn)口太

17、少，造成了我的外貿(mào)收支不平衡，明天又說另外一套，你，對我外貿(mào)也是造成了不平衡。Because at some point, the United States will accuse one country of exporting too much and importing too little, and therefore causing its trade imbalance; at another point, it may accuse another country of causing its trade imbalance. 21Examples Analysis墨西哥本來在汽車的貿(mào)易上它的限制非常嚴(yán)格，進(jìn)口一臺汽車的話要出口2.7部，墨西哥的車，那是非常嚴(yán)格的。Mexico once had a very strict control over the trade of automobiles. For each car imported, 2.7 cars need to be exported. 22Examples Analysis美國外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口的統(tǒng)計辦法是用的產(chǎn)品原產(chǎn)地原則。也就是說，這個產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)在哪個國家里頭，然后出口到美國去，就算這個國家對美國的出口，而不管這家工廠是屬于誰的，賺的錢給誰，不去管這個