2020年道路安全年度報(bào)告

1、CONTENTS9 INTRODUCTION10COVID-19 AND ROAD SAFETY12TRENDS20ROAD MORTALITY RATES24ROAD USERS28AGE GROUPS32ROAD TYPES34INJURY DATA36STRATEGIES, TARGETS, LEGISLATION40 TABLES61 LIST OF IRTAD MEMBERS AND OBSERVERSLIST OF FIGURES AND TABLESFIGURE 1FIGURE 2FIGURE 3FIGURE 4FIGURE 5FIGURE 6FIGURE 7FIGURE 8FI

2、GURE 9FIGURE 10FIGURE 11FIGURE 12FIGURE 13FIGURE 14FIGURE 15TABLE 1TABLE 2TABLE 3TABLE 4TABLE 5TABLE 6TABLE 7TABLE 8TABLE 9TABLE 10Aggregate evolution in the number of road deaths in IRTAD countries, 2010-18 Percentage change in the number of road deaths, 2010-18Evolution of road fatalities per 100

3、000 inhabitants, 2000-19 Road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants, 2019 or latest available Road fatalities per 10 000 registered vehicles, 2018Road fatalities per billion vehicle-kilometres, 2018Percentage change in the number of car occupants killed, 2010-18 Percentage change in the number of pedes

4、trians killed, 2010-18 Percentage change in the number of cyclists killed, 2010-18Percentage change in the number of riders of powered two-wheelers killed, 2010-18Evolution in road deaths by age group and road user category compared to global average, 2010-18 Mortality rate by age group, 2018Reparti

5、tion of road deaths by country and road type, 2018 Seatbelt wearing rates in front seats, 2019 or latest available year Seatbelt wearing rates in rear seats, 2019 or latest available yearImpact of Covid-19 measures. Road deaths and traffic in April 2020 compared to April 2019 Road fatality data 2019

6、 compared to 2018Road fatality trends, 2010-19Road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants, per billion vehicle-km and per 10 000 registered motor vehicles Fatality risk on motorways compared to other roads, 2018Road safety strategies and targetsNational speed limits on urban roads, rural roads and motor

7、ways, 2020 Maximum authorised blood alcohol content, 2020Seatbelt laws and wearing rates in front and rear seats of passenger cars, 2019 or latest available year Helmet laws and wearing rates, 2019 or latest available yearINTRODUCTIONThe Road Safety Annual Report 2020 presents the most recent safety

8、data and information from the 42 member and observer countries of the IRTAD Group, permanent working group on road safety of the International Transport Forum. This summary report offers readerseasily accessible comparative data for the main road safety indicators.It is complemented by individual co

9、untry profiles with more detailed information for each country, including their current road safety strategies and the most recently implemented road safety measures. The report and the country profiles can be viewed online and downloaded for free at HYPERLINK / / road-safety-annual-report-2020.The

10、year 2020 saw important developments in road safety. In February, the3rd Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Stockholm in February put the topic on the political agenda at the highest possible level. The “Stockholm Declaration set an important marker in the fight to reduce traffic deaths

11、 and serious injuries, calling, among other things, for a general speed limit of 30 km/h on mixed-use roads and the broad implementation of Safe System principles.In August, the General Assembly of the United Nations passed Resolution A/RES/74/299 “Improving Global Road Safety”. This important docum

12、ent sets a new target for the international community to reduce the number of road deaths by 50% by 2030, as the prime objective of the new “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-30”. The collection, monitoring and analysis of road safety data will be a central point of this effort, and the ITF with

13、 its IRTAD Group will continueto contribute to this global effort, with a focus on assisting decision makers in the development of effective strategies that save lives.Another important marker for road safety in 2020 was the Coronavirus pandemic. Covid-19, for all its negative impact around the worl

14、d, also brought with it an unexpected, significant decrease in the number of road deaths in those regions forced to go into lockdown. The online country profiles provide information on how the global health crisis has affected mobility and road safety.COVID-19 AND ROAD SAFETYROAD DEATHSDROPPED SIGNI

15、FICANTLY IN EARLY 2020The number of road fatalities fell significantly during the first months of 2020. The main reason for this was lockdown imposed in many countries in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Strict containment measures aimed at reducing the spread of the virus resulted in a decrease i

16、n economic activity and in the movement of people and, therefore, in the number of road casualties.However, it seems that the number of road deaths has not fallen in proportion to the decrease in traffic. Some countries contributing to this report registered increases in average speeds and in the se

17、verity of road crashes. A full analysis will need to take into account the type and scale of lockdown measuresand their impact on traffic, on driving behaviour and on the composition of traffic for instance the increase in the number of cyclists inmany countries as a result ofCovid-19.Confinement co

18、mmenced in March 2020 in most countries. In some, the restrictions were progressively eased fromMay onwards, while in other countries, mainly in Latin America, they were still in force in the summer of 2020. All countries saw a decrease in the number of fatalities during the lockdown period, with a

19、drop in fatalities of up to 80%. Table 1 compares the number of road deaths and traffic volumes in April 2020, when most countries were in lockdown, with April 2019.Table 1. Road deaths and traffic in April 2020 compared to April 2019CountryRoad deaths (% change)Traffic (% change)Lockdown in spring

20、2020Australia-23-43From 23 March; gradual lifting in May/JuneAustria-30-34-5016 March-14 April (gradual lifting)Canadan.a.Varies by jurisdictionsChile-24 (June on June)-11-56.5 (Santiago)18-Mar-14 May partial, to 24 June totalCzech Rep.-50 (motorways)13 March-17 MayDenmark+9-2513 March-15 April (gra

21、dual lifting)Finland-24-3417 March- 4 May (gradual lifting)France-56-7517 March-10 May (gradual lifting)Germany-1-48 (overall), -19 (HGV)22 March-19 April (gradual lifting)Greece-58n.a.23 March-27 April (gradual lifting)Hungary-43-3328 March-4 May (18 May in Buda- pest)Ireland-22-62 (cars), -17 (HGV

22、)13 March-18 May (gradual lifting)Israel-28-6015 March-29 AprilItaly-79-75 (overall), -39 (HGV)9 March-18 May (gradual lifting)Japan-21n.a.9 March-18 May (gradual lifting)Lithuania-71-36 (overall), -15 (HGV)17 March-17 JuneMexico-23-5923 March-1 JuneMorocco-65n.a.20 March-24 JuneNetherlands+6-35No f

23、ull lockdownNew Zealand-80-7426 March-14 MayNorwayn.a.-2512 March-11 MayPoland-32n.a.13 March-20 April (gradual lifting)Portugal-59n.a.19 March-18 MaySerbia-49n.a.15 March-4 MaySlovenia-11 (Mar to May)-53.515 March-18 May (gradual lifting)South Africa-78-7726 March through JulySpain-49-7515 March-11

24、 MaySweden+6-22No lockdownUruguay-51n.a.No mandatory measuresChanges in road deaths based on provisional data, for Canada based on preliminary data from a sample of jurisdictions.-25% or less-26% to -50%-51% to -75%-76% or moreIncreaseTRENDSTEN COUNTRIESHAD THEIR FEWEST ROAD DEATHS EVERThe number of

25、 road deaths in 2019 in most countries was lower than the 2016- 18 average, according to preliminary data for last year. Twenty-two of the 30 countries (73%) with provisional orfinal data available for 2019 saw a reduction, while eight countries (27%) registered an increase (Table 2). On average, th

26、e number of road deaths fell by nearly 5% in the countries covered by the IRTAD database against the 2016-18 average. Sweden(-21.6%) saw the strongest reduction, followed by Korea (-18%) and Switzerland(-17.4%). The numberof road deaths increased in Denmark (+7.2%), in the Netherlands (+3.3%) and in

27、 Belgium (+2.9%). This analysis excludes the smallest countries with low absolute numbers of roaddeaths, where small changes in absolute numbers result in large fluctuations in percentage terms.Ten countries reached the lowest number of road deaths in 2018 since systematic recording began: Australia

28、, Austria, Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Lithuania and Slovenia.Figure 1. Aggregate evolution in the number of road deaths in IRTAD countries, 2010-18Number of road deaths (excluding the US)55 000-50%50 00045 00040 00035 00030 00025 00020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020Nu

29、mber of road deaths50% reduconLinear (50% reducon)Number of road deaths90 000-50%85 00080 00075 00070 00065 00060 00055 00050 00045 00040 00020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020Number of road deaths50% reduconLinear (50% reducon)Data for Argentina in 2016 are an estimate. Data for Colombia a

30、re not included.In 23 countries, roads became safer in 2018 than they had been on average during 2015- 17, according to final, validated data (Table 3). Comparedto the average for 2015-17,the number of road deaths decreased in 23 (68%) out of the 34 countries with validated data.Across all 34 countr

31、ies, the number of road deaths decreased by 2.5% on average in 2018 comparedto the average for the three previous years. Slovenia(-22.9%), Ireland (-16%) andLithuania (-15.6%) recorded the largest decreases, while Sweden (24.5%), Portugal (15.2%) and New Zealand (10.9%) had the highest increases.The

32、 number of people killed in crashes has decreased in all countries over the past eight years from 2010 to 2018. Overall, there were 6.9% fewer traffic fatalities in 2018 than 2010. The rate of progress has slowed during this period, however. In around half of the countriesthe number of road deaths h

33、as not significantly fallen since 2010 (Figure 3). The United States, as the most populous among the countries included, heavily influences the data.Without the US, the average reduction in road deaths was 18.3% (Figure 1).Behind the average figures lie significant disparities between countrieslonge

34、r-term road safety performances. Benchmarked against 2010 data, the number of traffic deaths fell in 26 (76%) out of 34 countriesin 2018 (Figure 2). The most significant reductions were achieved by Norway, Greece and Lithuania. Norway nearly halved its number of road deaths from 208 to 108 in the pe

35、riod 2010-18. Greece reduced the number of traffic fatalities from 1 258 to 700, a drop of 44%. In Lithuania, the number of road deaths decreased by 42% over the same period. Four countries managed to reduce traffic fatalities by more than 30%:Slovenia, Ireland, Denmark and Korea. On the other hand,

36、 eight countries registered an increase in the number of road deaths in the same period: Colombia (+25%), Sweden (+22%), the United States (+11%), Argentina (+8%), the Netherlands (+6%), New Zealand (three more deaths) and Iceland (ten more deaths, but based on a very low level in 2010 with only eig

37、ht road fatalities).The rate of reduction in road deaths has slowed in recent years in most countries, despite the overall positive trend. The average annual reduction in the number of road deaths was of 3.3% in the period 1998-2008, but only 2.3% inthe period 2008-18.IRTAD member countries have rep

38、orted a number of overarching factors that help contextualise recent trends in road safety performance in addition to factors at work at the national level (see Box).FEWER PEOPLE ARE KILLED IN CRASHES,BUT THE RATE OF REDUCTION HAS SLOWEDTRENDS IN CONTEXTFactors that help contextualise recent trends

39、in road safety performance in addition to factors at work at the national levelChanges in demographic composition, coupled with greater mobility among the senior population, result in a higher proportion of senior citizens and a lower proportion of younger age groups among traffic fatalities. Severa

40、l countries report higher risks for people aged 75 and above, in particular among cyclists and e-cyclists.Distraction is reported to be a growing issue in many countries, despite difficulties in measurement. Distraction, usually through mobile phone use, concerns not only car and truck drivers, but

41、also cyclists, pedestrians and motorcyclists.Speeding and drink driving remain two key factors in fatal crashes. All countries report that speeding is a contributing factor in 15% to 35% of fatal road crashes. Similarly, driving under the influence of alcohol is a factor in 10% to 30% of fatal crash

42、es in all countries.The development of new mobility forms such as scooters, both conventional and electric, or e-bikes entails new road safety challenges. Crash statistics do not yet allow for a clear distinction of these new mobility forms, but a large number of countries have recorded new types of

43、 crashes involving these devices.Figure 2. Percentage change in the number of road deaths, 2010-18-60-40-200204060Norway GreeceLithuania Moldova (a) SloveniaIreland DenmarkKorea Belgium SwitzerlandJapan PortugalSpain Poland AustriaItaly FranceCzech RepublicSerbia AustraliaIsrael Hungary Canada Finla

44、nd GermanySouth Africa (a)Mexico (a)Chile Uruguay (a)United Kingdom Cambodia (a) Morocco (a) New ZealandNetherlands (b)Argenna United States LuxembourgSweden ColombiaCosta Rica (a)Iceland is not shown because numbers are too small to provide meaningful analysis.Data as provided by the countries and

45、not validated by IRTAD.Real data (actual numbers instead of numbers reported by the police).Figure 3. Road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants, 2019 or latest available year0510152025Iceland Norway Sweden SwitzerlandUnited Kingdom (c)Ireland JapanDenmark Luxembourg GermanySpain FinlandNetherlands (b)

46、Israel Australia Austria SloveniaFrance (c) Canada (c)Italy BelgiumCzech RepublicPortugal Hungary Korea GreeceLithuania New ZealandPoland Serbia Morocco (a) Moldova (a)Chile United States Uruguay (a) Argenna (c) Mexico (a,c) Colombia (c) Costa Rica (a,c)South Africa (a)Data as provided by the countr

47、ies and not validated by IRTAD.Real data (actual numbers instead of reported numbers by the police).2018 data.Figure 4. Evolution of road fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants, 2000-19Argentina2015 105AustraliaAustriaBelgium20002019200020192000201920002019Canada2015105ChileColumbiaCzech Republic2000201

48、9200020192000201720002019Denmark20FinlandFranceGermany1510520002019200020192000201920002019Greece20HungaryIcelandIreland1510520002019200020192000201920002019Israel20ItalyJapan1510520002019Lithuania202000Luxembourg20192000Netherlands (a)2019Korea2000New Zealand20191510520002019PolandPortugalSerbia200

49、02019200020192000201920002019SloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerland2000United States20192000201920002019200020192000201920002019Norway2015105201510520002019United Kingdom2015105200020192000201919(a) Real data (Actual numbers instead of reported numbers by the police.ROAD MORTALITY RATESMORTALITY RATES DIFFE

50、RWIDELYRoad traffic-related mortality rates differ widely among countries (Table 4). In Colombia, road mortality is nearly seven times higher than in Norway, for instance. The mortality rate among the34 countries in this report withvalidated data ranged from 2 to13.6 per 100 000 population in 2018.

51、Five countries recorded a mortality rate equal to or below three fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants: Norway (2.0), Switzerland (2.7), the United Kingdom (2.8), Ireland (2.9) and Denmark (3.0).A second group of eleven countries perform relatively well, with traffic mortality rates of five or less. Fo

52、ur countries registered a mortality rate above ten road deathsper 100 000 inhabitants: Chile(10.5), the United States (11.2), Argentina (12.4) and Colombia (13.6) (Figures 3 and 4). Back in the year 2000, the lowest mortality rate was 6.1 road deaths per 100 000 population (in the United Kingdom). I

53、n 2018, 21 countries achieved this rate or an even better one.Higher rates are found among countries with as yet unvalidated data. South Africa had a mortality rate of 22.4 deaths per 100 000 population in 2018. In Latin America, Costa Rica had a mortality rate of 15.7, Uruguay of 15.1 and Mexico of

54、 12.4 in 2018. Uruguay succeeded in lowering its mortality rate to12 in 2019, however.FATALITY RATES FELL BY TWO THIRDS OR MORE IN HALF THE COUNTRIESFatality risk, measured by road deaths per distance travelled, has decreased since the year 2000 in all 21 countries that regularly collect data on veh

55、icle kilometres travelled. In 2018, fatality risk was lowest in Norway, with 2.3 road deathsThe mortality rate is useful for comparing road safety across countries, particularly those with similar levels of motorisation. Comparing the number of road fatalities in relation to the number of vehicle-ki

56、lometres driven (total distance travelled by motor vehicles) provides a better indicator for assessing therisk of travelling on a given road network. The number of traffic deaths in relation to the number of registered vehicles sometimes serves as an approximation for the fatality rate in the absenc

57、e of data on distance travelled.Half of the countries managed to reduce their fatality rate by more than two thirds between 2000 and 2018. The number of road deaths measured against the number of registered motor vehicles was below 0.5 deaths per 10 000 vehicles in Norway, Switzerland, Japan and the

58、 United Kingdom in 2018. In the year 2000, the four best-performing countries still had fatality rates of 1.2.Across countries, fatality rates ranged from 0.3 to 3.6 in 2018 (Figure 5). Among countries for which validated data exists, the fatality risk was highestin Chile, which had 3.6 road deaths

59、per 10 000 motorised vehicles or 15 times the rate of top-performing Norway.A number of other countries greatly exceed the risk level of Chile, but lack validated data.per billion vehicle kilometres travelled. Five countries recorded fewer than four deaths per billion vehicle- kilometres travelled i

60、n 2018: Ireland, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Sweden. The highest risks among the 21 countries were recorded in the Czech Republic with 11.6 and Korea, with 11.7 road deaths per billion vehicle- kilometres. There, the risk to die in a road crash is around five times higher than in th