初中八年級(jí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件(極好)

1、冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?初中時(shí)態(tài)講解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)目錄1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的概念2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定，疑問(wèn)形式4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去式的比較1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；2） 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.pastnowfuture現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)你會(huì)自己造句嗎？2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)

2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Have/has + done助動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+ have/has +過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)Have:第一、二/ 復(fù)數(shù)Has: 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔

3、音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 重點(diǎn)1：寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞Work _ _Live _ _Stay _ _Stop _ _Clean _ _Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞AAA型 cut cut cut, read read read AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come

4、 came come become became becomeABB型 buy bought bought；build built builtABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定與疑問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞have或has后面加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。否定句疑問(wèn)句I have not (havent) studied. Have I studied? You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? He has not (hasnt) studied.

5、 Has he studied? 例題Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Shanghai before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)) _ _ he come to school?havenotWhydoesnt重點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定與疑問(wèn)比較have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。He has bee

6、n to Shanghai.他(曾經(jīng)) 去過(guò)上海。Have (has) been in表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。小結(jié)詞組含義搭配Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) Have been to曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。 just, ever, never Have been in在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 since, for, how long

7、 1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B.

8、Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingBBD重點(diǎn)3 have been to/in和have gone to 的對(duì)比例題4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說(shuō)話(huà)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話(huà)人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。(漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before.

9、 我肯定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Have you milked the cow yet?牛奶的奶擠了嗎？I have never heard that before.我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。 你還能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)想到其它句子嗎？2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開(kāi)已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday. 她從

10、周一開(kāi)始就跟我們?cè)谝黄鹆?。注意：a)since和for的區(qū)別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自從”for后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“長(zhǎng)達(dá)”重點(diǎn)4：since和for的區(qū)別1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 da

11、ys.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.since

12、sincesincesinceforforforforfor注意：b)表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用（不能和since, for, how long 連用）。 短暫性動(dòng)詞 He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話(huà)可以改為：He has been here for 2years.The old man ha

13、s _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutesbeendeadbeenout錯(cuò)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞become bebuy haveborrow keepcatch a cold have a coldget to know knowput on wearleave be awaydie be deadarrive in/at be in/atcome to be in/atjoin be a member of /be instart be onfinish be over終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞They left the

14、space station last Monday.They have been away from the space station since last Monday.They have been away from the space station for two days.注意： c)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now一般過(guò)去式（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a let

15、ter to his parents last night.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film. 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

16、 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是

17、延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))( )1. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )2. How

18、long have you _ this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )3. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw( )4. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has heBcDDThe passive voice動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題系列1.He

19、often helps me in English.2.Lucy does her homework in the evening.3.They make shoes in that factory.4.Do you water the flowers every day?I am often helped by him in English.Her homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Shoes are made by them in that factory.Are the flowers watered by you everyday?一般現(xiàn)在

20、時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are + P.P.1 We built our school 95 years ago.2They planted many trees last year.3He didnt take the photo in 2003.5Did you finish your homework?Our school was built 95 years ago.Many trees were planted last year.The photo wasnt taken in 2003.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were + P.P.Was your homework fi

21、nished ?1We will hold our National Games in Jinan.2 I will invite my teacher to the party.3 He wont finish his homework in an hour.Our National Games will be held in Jinan.My teacher will be invited to the party.His homework wont be finished in an hour.一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：will be + P.P.1.We must clean the cla

22、ssroom every day.2.Parents should allow the teenagers to choose their own clothes.3. Uncle Wang cant mend his bike . The classroom must be cleaned everyday.The teenagers should be allowed to choosetheir own clothes.His bike cant be mended by uncle wang. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：can/may/must/should be +P.P.am/is/ar

23、e + P.P.was/were + P.P.will be + P.P.can/may/must/should be +P.P.中考?？嫉谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be + P.P.have/has been + P.P.Exercises 1 .More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world today. (08 重慶) Chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners in the world now.2 Dangerous driving causes many accidents, (08 臨沂) Many acc

24、idents _ _ _ many dangerous driving.3 The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate. (08 西寧) All the bananas _ _ up by the twins.4 Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS. (08 濟(jì)南) Cartoons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about AIDS. is spoken are caused by were eaten can b

25、e used 幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) She takes good care of the baby. You should speak to the old politely.He turned down the radio just now. The baby is taken good care. The old should be spoken to politely . The radio was turned down just now.of1.若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)將其看成一個(gè)整體結(jié)構(gòu)，在變被動(dòng)時(shí)，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。I ofte

26、n see him come into the roomThe boss made the workers work all day. We heard him sing this song in the room. He is often seen to come into the room.The workers were made to work all day.He was heard to sing this song in the room.2.在主動(dòng)句中,使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等詞后跟省略to的不定式，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須還原

27、to. We saw him playing in the street.He was seen playing in the street. My father gave me a bike as a birthday present.A bike _ _ _ _ as a birthday present.I _ _ a bike as a birthday present. She bought me a pen yesterday. I _ _ _ _ yesterday.A pen_ _ _ _yesterday.was given to mewas givenwas bought

28、a penwas bought for me 3.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留仍作賓語(yǔ)。將物(sth.)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要在保留賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.常見(jiàn)的雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如 give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, bring, return, tell等用介詞to; buy, make(制作), mend, cook, sing, get等用for.8 My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (06 重慶)A Christmas present

29、 _ _ _ me by my uncle last year.9 The coach makes the players play basketball ten hours a day.The players _ _ _ _ basketball ten hours a day by the coach.10 She heard the girls talk with each other noisily.The girls _ _ _ talk with each other noisily.was sent toare made to playwere heard to16）After

30、planting the trees, you should water them often.（05濟(jì)南）The trees _ _ _ often after they_ 17）Roy passed the ball to Bill and Bill threw it to Jim.(06濟(jì)南)The ball _ first _ to Bill and then _ _ to Jim.should be wateredare plantedwas passedwas thrown挑戰(zhàn)自我濟(jì)南市有時(shí)會(huì)考復(fù)合句同時(shí)變被動(dòng)1 The children must be taken good ca

31、re.2 Can this bike mended？ 3That pencil was given me by him yesterday。4 This book was wrote by Lu Xun。5He is often seen play football outside.6The kite was made to him by her.ofgiven to mewrittento playforbe mended火眼金睛1The old man is ill. He must _to the hospital. Call 120 at once. (send )2The book

32、_by Lu Xun in 1920. ( write)3 All the machines _out yesterday. (sell)4 The hospital _next year. (build)5This kind of book cant_out of the library.(take)6He _to play computer games last night.(allow)7The boy _often_ not to go to the net bar.(tell)8He _ to the party last Sunday, but he didnt go there.

33、 (ask)be sentwas writtenwere soldwill be builtbe takenwas allowedis toldwas asked你會(huì)填空嗎？1判斷用主動(dòng) 還是被動(dòng)？2A物做賓語(yǔ) B缺失賓語(yǔ) Cby短語(yǔ)3 根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞 確定時(shí)態(tài)4.某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義A. read, sell, wash, write等動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動(dòng)作時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,且常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。如: The door doesnt open easily. Bikes

34、of that kind hardly sell. The book sells well. The cloth washes easilyB. need, want, require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth后面,常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。 表示sth需要被做be worth doing need doing want doing require doingThis dictionary is well worth buying.C. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容詞后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式,用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,并且該不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)須具備邏輯

35、上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如: The box is heavy to carry.3.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的情況：Be seated , please.She is dressed in a red skirt. He was lost in the thick forest. We are prepared to accept his invitation.D.不定式作定語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或說(shuō)話(huà)人時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:She has an old grandfather to look after歷屆中考試題小試身手1 What a nice garden! -I

36、t _ every day. A is cleaning B has cleaned C must clean D is cleaned 2 The girl _ at the party last night. A heard to sing B was heard to sing C heard sing D was heard sing3 The computers _ to the village school as presents last month.A are given B given C were given D gave 4 It is reported that the

37、 Underground Line No. 3 _ in Nanjing in 2010 .A will build B has built C will be built D has been built 5 The accident _on the morning of Christmas Day.A happened B was happened C was happening D is happened6 The letter is _ in French. I cant read it.A writing B written C wrote D writes7When _this k

38、ind of computer_? -Last year. A did, use B was, used C is, used D are, used8Li Feng has got a bike. He _ it for nearly two years. It _ in Tian Jin. A bought, made B has had, was made C borrow , was made D has sold , is madehappen, take place 不及物，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)9Lily was made_in the room the whole afternoon. A

39、study B to study C studies D studying 10 Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998?A was written by B was written C is written by D is written11Thousands of trees over the mountains _ by the farmers last year.A planted B was planted C were planted D will plant12 Our teacher often says the old should _

40、.A be spoken politely B be spoken to politely C be spoken polite D be spoken to polite13The medicine_ in a dry and cool place A keep B must keep C must be kept D must be keep 14This dictionary mustnt_ from the library A take away B taken awayC are taken away D be taken away15No one knows how the hug

41、e rocks_ and _without our modern machines eight hundred years ago A are cut；moved B were cut；move C are cut；moving D were cut；moved 16Many boys and girls are made_ what theyre not _ A to do；interested B to do；interested in C do；interested in D doing；interested 17 Look at the sign on the right. Oh, p

42、arking _here.A doesnt allow B isnt allowedC didnt allow D wasnt allowed18 Did you go to Sams weekend party? No, I _.A am not invited B wasnt invitedC havent invited D didnt invited19 The telephone_by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A was invented B has been inventedC is invented D will be invented20

43、Last year, Li Hua ,a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games. A is choosing B is chosen C was choosing D was chosen21The dress _ smooth and soft.A felt B feels C is felt D is feeling 22When you leave the room, make sure the door _.A was locked B is lockedC will be locked D should be locked2

44、3I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. Thats great. Chinese teachers _ in China and some foreign countries.A need B are needing C are needed D will need24 More and more people have realized we wont have cleaner water to drink unless something _soon. A was done B will be done C to be done D

45、is donefeel, look, sound, taste, smell 等系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)。25 English _ in many countries, but Chinese_ their own language.A is spoken, speaks B speaks, is spoken C is spoken, is spoken D is spoken, speak26The skirt looks different from others and it is nice. Thanks. It _ by my mother last month.A made B is made C has been made D was made27The chil