高三高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之名詞性從句講義教案(含練習(xí)答案)

1、 學(xué)員編號(hào):年 級(jí)：高三課時(shí)數(shù):學(xué)員姓名:輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師:授課類型授課日期及時(shí)段名詞性從句教學(xué)內(nèi)容考情分析上海高考考點(diǎn)分析名詞性從句五年考情分析一名詞性從句時(shí)間2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年2013 年占分2分2分2分2分2分題號(hào)第37、 40題第36、 37題第35、38題第34、 38題第33、 40題考點(diǎn)賓語從句、主語 從句賓語從句、表語 從句同位語從句、 賓語從句同位語從句、主 語從句同位語從句、賓語從句考點(diǎn)解讀1、思維導(dǎo)圖-賓語從句、同位語從句、名詞性從句引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞賓語從句、同位語從句、主語從句和表語從句主語從句和表語從句從屬連詞：that, whet

2、her, if連接代詞： who,whom, whose, what, which, whoever,WhateVer, WhOmeVer, WhiChever, WhOSeVer連接副詞： where, when, how, Why等重難點(diǎn)：如何判斷從句的類別一依據(jù)從句在句子中 的位置；注意名詞性從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)2、重難點(diǎn)講解重難點(diǎn)一：名詞性從句定義及種類:什么是名詞性從句？名詞性從句分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名 詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that, whether, if (都不

3、充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)連接代詞： what, WhateVer, who, whoever, whom, WhomeVer, whose, which, WhiCheVer 連接畐U詞： Whe n, where, how, Why例句說明：When We will Start is n OteIear.主語從句MrS Black Won t believthat her Son has become a thief. 賓語從句My idea is that We should do it right now.表語從句I had no idea that you Were her friend.

4、同位語從句重難點(diǎn)二：名詞性分類講解：、主語從句：主語從句的定義：主語從句在句中做主語。它可以放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句之后。主語從句的連詞：連詞： that, Whether連接代詞：who, what, WhiCh 連接副詞： When, where, how, Why 等。主語從句的例句：That She WaS able to come made US Very happy.Whether She will come or not is still a questio n.What We need is more time.Who will

5、go makes no differe nce.WhiCh team will Win the match is still unknown.When they will Start is not known yet.Where She has gone is a mystery.主語從句常用it作形式主語It is+名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句It is still a question Whether She will come or not.It is Stra nge that you should like him.It is still UnknoWn WhiCh team w

6、ill Win the match.it做形式主語的其他常用結(jié)構(gòu)It turned out that結(jié)果是已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) 已經(jīng)證明是 It has been found thatIt has been ProVed thatIt happe ned/occurred that 恰好 It is said/rePOrted that 據(jù)說 /報(bào)導(dǎo)注意：it作形式主語的主語從句容易與強(qiáng)調(diào)句混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it無所指代，主語從句中的it是形式主語，指that后的內(nèi)容。試比較：強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is in the CIaSSroom that We WiIl have the party.主語從句 It is Sa

7、id that We will have the Party in the class room.、表語從句：表語從句的定義：表語從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后，此處的系動(dòng)詞往往指be動(dòng)詞。表語從句的連詞：連詞：that (有時(shí)可以省略)whether, as if連接代詞：who, what, WhiCh連接畐U詞：When, where, how, Why 等表語從句的例句：The fact is (that) She never liked him.The questi On is who Can complete the difficult task.表語從句的考點(diǎn)熱：because引導(dǎo)的表語從句

8、，用 because引導(dǎo)的表語從句僅限于以下一個(gè)句型：This/That/It is because (that)I think it because you are doing too much.It may be because I am no mathematicia n.主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句不可用 Why或because引導(dǎo)，只能用that.The reason Why is tha 表語從句One reas On Why HamIet is SUCh a SUCCeSSfUI play is that it appeals to many differe nt people

9、.表語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)，但可以as if引導(dǎo)。He looked as if he WaS going to cry.、同位語從句：同位語從句的定義：同位語從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，或?qū)υ撁~作進(jìn)一步解釋?？筛徽Z從句的通常是一些具有一定內(nèi)容含義的名詞，常見的有Conclusion, evidence, fact, hope,idea, n ews, opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth 等。同位語從句的連詞：連詞：that (不用WhiCh)連接代詞：What連接副詞：how, Whe n, where, why, Whet

10、her同位語從句的例句：HiS delay is due to the fact that the Car WentWrong halfway.The problem Whether this material Can be USed in OUr factory has not bee n solved.He has no idea What a remarkable woma n Mary is.注意：同位語從句有時(shí)不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面。Word Came that OUr team had won.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：語法意義：同位語從句：名詞性從句(對(duì)名詞補(bǔ)充說明)定語從

11、句：形容詞性從句(對(duì)名詞修飾限定)語法結(jié)構(gòu)：同位語從句：連接詞引導(dǎo)(不能省略)定語從句：關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)(充當(dāng)句子成分，關(guān)系代詞作賓語可省略)試比較：定語從句The n ews (that) he told me is really in terest ing.同位語從句The n ews that our team has Won the game is really en COUrag ing.、賓語從句：賓語從句的定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。that的用法由連接詞that引

12、導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從 句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think (that) We are good in everything while OtherS are good in nothing.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從不限；主過從四過 ”當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用；當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；例如：I

13、 know (that) he will StUdy English next year.(從句用一般將來時(shí))he has StUdied English Since 1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))需要注意的特殊情況：當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：(1) He Said that the earth moves around the sun.當(dāng)主句中出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等(表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義)后，賓語從句常

14、用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：I in SiSt that She (should) do her work alone.The comma nder Ordered that troops (should) Set off at once.賓語從句的語序：從句語序要用陳述語序。例如：She always thinks of how She Can work well.She will give WhOeVer needs help a Warm support.形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+ it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+ that+賓語從句We find it necessary that We

15、 PraCtiSe SPeaking English everyday.He always takes it for granted that he Can PaSS the exam WithoUt hard work.6. thi nk, believe, imag ine, SUPPoSe 等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健?即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don t think you are here.I don t believe he will do重難點(diǎn)三：Whether與if的區(qū)別：Whether與if表示 是否時(shí)，只能用Whether

16、的情況表語從句The questi On is Whether the film is worth See ing.主語從句Whether We shall attend the meeting hasn t been decided yet.注意：如果用it作形式主語，則Whether和 if都能引導(dǎo)主語從句。It hasn t been decWedtherif We shall attend the meeting.同位語從句AnSWer my question Whether you are coming.在介詞之后(介詞往往可以省略)It all depe nds (On) Whet

17、her they will SUPPOrt us.e 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式 He doesn t knOWhether to Say or notf 后面緊接 or not時(shí) We didn t knoWhether or not She WaS ready.g.用 if 會(huì)引起歧義PIeaSe let me know if you like it.該句有兩個(gè)意思：請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡。”或如果你喜歡，請(qǐng)告訴我”用了 Whether ,就可以避免歧義。Whether與if表示 是否時(shí)，可通用的情況賓語從句 I will Wonder Whether/if the news is true.be+

18、形容詞之后I am not SUre Whether/if it will rain tomorrow.物典型例題I have no ideathe cell Phone isnt working, so could you(2)13o年上海英語高考)【答案】Why【解析】此處考查同位語從句。 從句中主干成分不缺， 結(jié)合句子含義 我不知道我的手機(jī)為什么不工 作了，你為我修一下怎么樣？”所以需填Why。例題2Some people Care much about their appeara nce and always ask if they look fine inthey are Weari

19、 ng.（2013年上海英語高考）【答案】What【解析】此處考查賓語從句。分析可知介詞in后接的為賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，結(jié)合句子含義有些人非常關(guān)注自己的外貌，穿了什么衣服總是會(huì)問看上去好不好看?！笨芍杼頦hat o例題3One reasOn for her Preference for City Iife isShe Can have easy access to PlaCeS Iike shops andrestaurants. （2010年上海英語高考）【答案】that【解析】此題考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意，她是所以喜歡大城市的一個(gè)理由是她可以很容易的找到商店和餐館這些地方”。從句中不

20、缺少句子成分，意思也完整，所以選that起連接作用，但不可省。例題4One reasOn for her Preference for City life is She Can have easy access to PIaCeS like shops andrestaurants. （2010年上海英語高考）【答案】that【解析】此題考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意，她是所以喜歡大城市的一個(gè)理由是她可以很容易的找到商店和餐館這些地方”。從句中不缺少句子成分，意思也完整，所以選that起連接作用，但不可省。例題5The message you intend to ConVey through word

21、s may be the exact opposite of OtherS actuallyUnderstand. （2011年上海英語高考）【答案】What【解析】本題考查介詞后的賓語從句。分析來看，題干中缺少的成分是及物動(dòng)詞Understand的賓語，又充當(dāng)連接詞的作用，故填What o上學(xué)法點(diǎn)睛一、專題特點(diǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)方法：名詞性從句是復(fù)合句中的一大重點(diǎn)，同時(shí)，學(xué)好名詞性從句也是分析長難句的關(guān)鍵所在。該部分在 高考中考查點(diǎn)較為分散，主要出現(xiàn)在語法新題型填空，中譯英以及一些閱讀理解的長難句中。在學(xué)習(xí)名 詞性從句時(shí)，主要以一下兩方面為主：學(xué)會(huì)分析及使用各種名詞性從句；能夠正確進(jìn)行名詞性從句的連接詞

22、的選擇。二、解題技巧：【賓語從句】 判斷賓語從是否缺成分要看賓語從句的句子成份。特別是句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞中及物動(dòng)詞 還是不及物動(dòng)詞。如是及物的必需有賓語。如從句中沒有就要用一個(gè)代詞來引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中做 賓語。如動(dòng)詞是不及物的就一定沒賓語那么缺少的一定是狀語?！就徽Z從句】一般來說，容易和同位語從句相混淆的就是定語從句。在定語從句中像that, WhiCh等一些的連詞經(jīng)常在從句中充當(dāng)一些成分，比如主語，賓語等等，如果去掉它們則從句會(huì)變的不完整，即缺少成分。相反地，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，即使去掉，也不會(huì)影響句子的完整性（不過千萬不能去掉）。過關(guān)檢測（歷年咼考真題改編）

23、There is much truth in the ideakindness is usually SerVed by frankness.（2012 年上海英語高考）There is clear evide ncethe most difficult feeli ng of all to in terpret is bodily pain. （2011 年上海英語高考）AS a new diplomat, he OftenthinkS ofhe Can react more appropriately On SUCh OCCaSi ons.（2009 年上海英語高考）It is no t

24、immediately clearthe finan cial CriSiS will Soon be over. （2009年上海英語高考）AS his best frien d, I Can make accurate guesses abouthe will do or think.（2008 年上海英語高考）It has been PrOVedeating VegetabIeS in childhood helps to PrOteCt you against SeriOUS illnesses in laterlife.（2008年上海英語高考）he referred to in h

25、is article WaS UnknoWn to the general reader.（2007 年上海英語高考）JS do so.The traditi Onal VieW isWe sleep because our brain is“ Programmed007 年 上Ole英語高考）By improving reading skills, you Can read faster and Understand more ofyou read. （ 2007 年上海英語春考）Doris SUCCeSS lies in the factShe -DPOratiVe and eager t

26、o learn from others. （2006 年上海英語春考）I Want to knOWthe thief WaS CaUght On the spot. （2005 年上海英語春考）After Yang LiWei SUCCeeded in CirCIi ng the earth,our astr On auts desire to do is Walk in space.（2004年上海英語高考）It is Pretty Well Un derstoodCOn trols the floW of Carb On dioxide in and out the atmosphere

27、today.（2003年上海英語高考）There S a feeling in meWe ll never knoW WhanoltIdFe.is （2002 年上海英語高考）Information has been PUt forWard more middle school graduates Will be admitted intoUn iversities.（2001年上海英語高考）提升測試（近兩年模擬題單選改編）2013年各區(qū)一模She WaS at the time of the murder WaS of major ConCern to the police that are

28、 in VeStigat ing thecase. （2013年徐匯區(qū)一模）People may forget What you Said or What you did, but they Will n ever forget you made them feel.（2013年徐匯區(qū)一模）You didn t StUdy for your test, so your teacher has a POint aboutyou failed! （20年寶山區(qū)一模 ）NoWadays, you ll notice a Phenomenona lot of people are Wearing je

29、ans to COncerts. （201年寶山區(qū)一模）Mary S SUCCeSS lies in the factShe is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （2013 年長寧區(qū)一模）A high defi niti On digital Camera On this Cell PhoneCan ShoW you ViVidlyis around the PerS On youare talking to. （2013 年長寧區(qū)一模）ACCOrd ing to the survey, the result is shockingthe nu mber of people livi ng alone has rise n. （2013年奉賢區(qū)一模）On Ii ne educati On forces colleges to focus On the rest of the lear ning process, WhiCh isthe realvalue lies. （2013 年奉賢區(qū)一模）DireCtOr Ang Lee told the NeW York FilmFeStiVaI audie nce