5-2詞匯講解1

1、PAGE PAGE 5M5U2 The Environment一詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1. economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì), 節(jié)約, 理財(cái) economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)上的; 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 economical adj. 節(jié)儉的, 合算的, 經(jīng)濟(jì)的economically adv. 節(jié)約地, 節(jié)省地 economize v. 節(jié)約, 節(jié)省economics n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) economist n. 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者, 經(jīng)濟(jì)家2. flow vi流動(dòng),流出；川流不息; 流暢;飄垂The water is ing out.水在流出 Tears ed from his eyes.

2、淚從他眼里流出Traffic s along the street all day.街上的來(lái)往車輛整天川流不息n(U)流,流水,流動(dòng)；用單數(shù)大量的流出, (不斷的) 流動(dòng)the of a river河水的流動(dòng) a of conversation 滔滔不絕的談話3.cut back（on）減少，削減，縮減 to cut back on spending 削減開(kāi)支If we dont sell more well have to cut back production.拓展：cut sth into sth把某物切成某物 cutsthintohalves或cutsthinhalfcutdown(1

3、)砍倒；削減，壓縮，縮減cutdownthebigtree. Expensesoughttobecutdownineveryway.Youdbettercutthearticledowntoabout2,000words.cutin插入，插話cutinonsth cutoff切斷，隔斷，斷絕。cutout突然熄火，剪掉，戒掉 cut up 切碎，剁碎4. production n. 生產(chǎn); 制作 produce v. 生產(chǎn),; 創(chuàng)作; 制造; 生育producer n. 生產(chǎn)者 product n. 產(chǎn)品, 結(jié)果 productive adj. 生產(chǎn)的; 多產(chǎn)的recycle v. 使再循環(huán),

4、 再制, 再利用recyclable adj. 可再循環(huán)的; 可回收利用的 recycling n. 回收; 回收利用greedy adj. 貪吃的貪婪的 greed n. 貪欲, 貪婪 greedily adv. 貪心地;貪婪地5 responsibility n.責(zé)任,職責(zé),義務(wù) for,of,toa sense of 責(zé)任感 take responsibility for. 承擔(dān)。的責(zé)任responsible adj. 需負(fù)責(zé)任的(+for/to) ；作為原因(+for)；可信賴的She is my child, and I am responsible for her. 她是我的孩子,

5、我對(duì)她負(fù)責(zé)。Bad weather is responsible for the poor crop. 壞天氣是收成不好的原因。 a responsible person 一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的人。 responsibly adv. 負(fù)責(zé)地; 有鑒別力地, 能明辨是非地; 有責(zé)任感地6. environment n. 環(huán)境, 圍繞, 外界social 社會(huì)環(huán)境ones home 家庭環(huán)境 the 自然環(huán)境protect/preserve the environment保護(hù)環(huán)境 environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)environmental adj. 環(huán)境的; 有關(guān)環(huán)境的envir

6、onmentalism n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論; 環(huán)境論environmentalist n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論者; 環(huán)境論者7. operate vi. 工作,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);營(yíng)業(yè),營(yíng)運(yùn);起作用,產(chǎn)生效果on, upon;動(dòng)手術(shù),開(kāi)刀(+on/for) vt. 1. 操作;開(kāi)動(dòng)(機(jī)器)等;經(jīng)營(yíng);管理The machine is not operating properly. His company operates in several countries. 他們的公司在外國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng).The medicine d quickly (on me).那種藥對(duì)我很快就生效The surgeon operated on he

7、r for a tumor. He had his nose d on.他接受鼻子的手術(shù)Elevators are d by electricity.電梯是用電操縱的 a coal mine經(jīng)營(yíng)煤礦operating adj. 操作的;外科手術(shù)的operating room /table /system operation n. 操作; 經(jīng)營(yíng);手術(shù) operator n. 操作員; 總機(jī)接線生; 8.use up 用盡；吃完 He has used up all his energy他已精疲力盡了。 We used up all the bread at breakfast.早餐時(shí)我們吃完了所

8、有的面包。*After rowing the boat across the lake，Robert was used up羅伯特把船劃到對(duì)岸之后，累得精疲力盡。They have used up their money他們已經(jīng)把錢花光了。Dont use up all the soapLeave me some to wash with不要把肥皂用完，留些給我洗。與run out， run out of做個(gè)比較：Wed just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out我們剛開(kāi)到高速公路上，汽油就耗完了。*My patience is runn

9、ing out 我快失去耐心了。*The car ran out of petrol after ten miles這輛小汽車跑了10英里就沒(méi)油了。*I have run out of money我把錢用光了。9. impress vt. .給.極深的印象;使感動(dòng)impression n. 印象, 蓋印, 意念impressionism n. 印象主義, 印象批評(píng), 印象派impressionist n. 印象主義者; 印象派作家impressive adj. 給人深刻印象的, 感人的二 短語(yǔ)1.natural disaster 自然災(zāi)害 2.damage the environment 破壞

10、環(huán)境3.have a debate about sth. 進(jìn)行對(duì)。的辯論/討論 under debate 在辯論/討論中4.open the floor 自由發(fā)言 have/get/obtain the floor 有/取得發(fā)言權(quán) 5. be(very/deeply) concerned about sth. 對(duì)某事很關(guān)注/關(guān)心，擔(dān)心/憂慮 be concerned with sb./sth. 關(guān)心。，與。有關(guān)6.cut back on production 減少生產(chǎn) 7. be seen as 被看作為consider/regard/have/treat/count/think of/loo

11、k onas 把看作8. ask around 四下詢問(wèn)/打聽(tīng) 9. large numbers of 大量的（復(fù)名） a large number of = a great/good many= quite a few= scores of +復(fù)名a great deal of= a large amount of= large amounts of= quite a little 不可數(shù)名plenty of = a large quantity of = large quantities of = a lot of = lots of 不可數(shù)/復(fù)名10.environmentally fr

12、iendly 環(huán)保 be friendly to the environment 11. lay eggs 產(chǎn)卵 12.what if 要是。該怎么辦13. ways of living 生活方式 14.hide from ones responsibility 躲避責(zé)任三 句型 1With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society,(L5)表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，需完全倒裝。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.Hanging on the wall was a painting by Q

13、i Baishi.Happy are those who are contended.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 注意：在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)保持一致。2.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea

14、 life.動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常位于句末。Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.【2011全國(guó)卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,

15、_ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying【2011陜西卷,20】More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made【2011浙江卷,3】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of ar

16、ound 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have3.The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.（L19-20）此句中的six times what 是倍數(shù)的固定表達(dá)：倍數(shù)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句目前的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。(timeswhat) The production is now three times what it was ten years ago._觀察例句思考總結(jié)倍數(shù)的其他表達(dá)方式：1) The box is five times bigger

17、than that one.2) Asia is four times as large as Europe. 3) This hall is five times the size of our room.1) 整數(shù) times 比較級(jí)than2) 整數(shù)times as 原級(jí)as_3) 整數(shù)times 名詞（the size/width/length/height.）_1）與去年相比，我們的總產(chǎn)量（output）增長(zhǎng)了三倍。Compared with that of last year, our total output has increased by three times.2) I w

18、ant to buy a rope which is _ this one. A. twice as longer as B. as twice long as C. twice the length of D. as twice as 3) The town is _ than it was before. A. three times as large B. larger three times C. as large as three times D. three times larger4.However, I do agree that we should produce（L43）

19、此句中的do是 助 動(dòng)詞，作用是 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)， 還可以用 does或did 強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分用 It is that /who（句式）。小試牛刀! 1）我想是我應(yīng)該對(duì)這起意外事故負(fù)責(zé)任的。2) _ be careful when crossing the street. A. Must B. Should C. Ought to D. Do3) It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that

20、 C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 四 單項(xiàng)選擇1. _ makes her different from the other students? Honesty, I think.A. How is it that B. How is that C. What is it that D. What it is that 2. The boys poor health _ his parents a great deal.A. was concerned B. concerned at C. concerned D. concerned abo

21、ut3. The two sides debated _ each other _ who was the better for a whole day.A to, to B with, about C about, with D between, in4.Im afraid we wont be able to go much farther, for the gas_.A has run out B is run out C was run out of D is running out 5.Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twice as many B. more than twiceC. twice as many as D. as twice as much6._ in the queue for half an hour,Thomas suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait