醫(yī)院醫(yī)科醫(yī)學(xué)系統(tǒng)教學(xué)培訓(xùn)課程：虱蚤

1、關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)我們有話說(shuō)之虱蚤虱louse虱是一種體外永久性寄生蟲。寄生于人體的虱有兩種，人虱和恥陰虱。人虱又分為人體虱和人頭虱兩個(gè)亞種。人虱體狹長(zhǎng)，背腹扁平?？蛇_(dá)4.4mm，稍小。雄虱末端近似“V”形，雌虱末端呈“W”形。 頭呈菱形，有觸角一對(duì)。胸部三節(jié)愈合有足三對(duì)，各足脛節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)的指狀脛突與末端的爪相對(duì)，形成強(qiáng)有力的抓握器。 頭虱較體虱略小，顏色稍深。恥陰虱體形短而寬，呈蟹狀。一、形態(tài)二、生活史與生態(tài)習(xí)性59天蛻皮3次1、寄生部位人頭虱：頭發(fā) ，產(chǎn)卵于發(fā)根，以耳后較多。 人體虱：貼身衣服的縫、褶，產(chǎn)卵于衣褲的織物纖維上。 恥陰虱：陰毛、肛毛。其它部位以睫毛較多見，產(chǎn)卵于毛的基部。 2、與傳病有關(guān)的

2、習(xí)性 吸血特性； 對(duì)溫度，濕度均敏感；爬行速度快。卵若蟲成蟲卵橢圓形，白色，俗稱蟣子。卵粘附在毛發(fā)或纖維上，其游離端有蓋，上有氣孔和小室。 Last Modified: 11/20/2000 15:59:02 Pediculus humanus capitis Head Lice -nymph hatching through the operculum of an egg.The egg hatches releasing a nymph. The nit shell then becomes a more visible dull yellow and remains attached t

3、o the hair shaft. The nymph looks like an adult head louse, but is about the size of a pinhead. Nymphs mature after three molts and become adults about 7 days after hatching. Last Modified: 11/20/2000 15:59:02 Pediculus humanus capitis Head Lice -nymph hatching through the operculum of an egg.The eg

4、g hatches releasing a nymph. The nit shell then becomes a more visible dull yellow and remains attached to the hair shaft. The nymph looks like an adult head louse, but is about the size of a pinhead. Nymphs mature after three molts and become adults about 7 days after hatching.Head Lice -nymph hatc

5、hing through the operculum of an egg.The egg hatches releasing a nymph. The nit shell then becomes a more visible dull yellow and remains attached to the hair shaft. The nymph looks like an adult head louse, but is about the size of a pinhead. Nymphs mature after three molts and become adults about

6、7 days after hatching.三、傳播疾病流行性斑疹傷寒病原為普氏立克次氏體回歸熱病原為俄拜氏疏螺旋體四、防治加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生宣教，注意個(gè)人衛(wèi)生，做到“四勤”滅虱措施：燙、凍、毒（20%百部酒精浸液或0.01%二氯苯醚菊酯）五、流行Geographic Distribution:Head lice infestation is very common and is distributed worldwide; 6 to 12 million people may be affected yearly. Preschool and elementary-age children, 3 to

7、 10 years of age are infested most often. Females are infested more often than males, probably due to more frequent head to head contact. In the United States, African-Americans are rarely infested with head lice. This is believed to be due to the American louses preference for the shape and width of the hair shaft of other races.蚤 Flea俗稱跳蚤、蛤蚤。寄生于恒溫動(dòng)物體表。一、形態(tài)左右側(cè)扁。頭呈三角形，觸角一對(duì)，藏于觸角窩內(nèi)。全身的鬃、毛、櫛一律向后長(zhǎng)。足強(qiáng)壯發(fā)達(dá)，善跳。二、生活史蚤生活史為全變態(tài)，包括卵、幼蟲、蛹和成蟲4個(gè)時(shí)期繭內(nèi)的蛹羽化時(shí)需要外界的刺激。如空氣的震動(dòng)，動(dòng)物走近的擾動(dòng)和接觸壓力以及溫度的升高等，都可誘使成蟲破繭而出。 三