美麗中國第三集中英文字幕

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)The Tibetan plateau is a quarter of China.西藏高原的陸地面積約占中國領土的四分之一Much of it is extremely remote and inhospitable.其中的大部分極度偏遠荒無人煙Its southern border runs through the worlds highest mountain range,南部邊界貫穿了世界上最高的山脈the formidable Himalayas.望而生畏的喜

2、馬拉雅山Its central part is a windswept and freezing中部是暴露在風中的寒冷荒地wilderness the size of Western Europe.其面積與西歐相似But this challenging place is home to incredible wildlife.難以置信這個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的地方竟然是野生動物的家園There are more large creatures here than anywhere else in China.這里的大型生物比中國其它任何地方還要多Tibet has been a province of

3、 China for more than 50 years,西藏加入到新中國這個大家庭五十多年來yet it has a unique character,有著1000多年悠久歷史的的藏傳佛教shaped by over 1,000 years of Tibetan Buddhism.依舊保持著她獨特的風貌This obscure and archaic-looking religion這個鮮為人知的散發(fā)著古老氣息的宗教has produced one of the most enlightened cultures on Earth.孕育了這個世界上最開明的文化Here,people hav

4、e a long tradition of co-existing peacefully在這里人們與自然界with the creatures and landscape around them,和諧相處的悠久傳統(tǒng)a relationship which has helped to protect their fragile environment.促進了對脆弱自然環(huán)境的保護In this programme we will discover why this harsh land with its ancient在這個節(jié)目中我們將展示這塊承載著古老文化的厚重土地culture is vita

5、lly important for much of our planet.對我們的地球來說是多么的重要Its the beginning of winter,初冬high up on the Tibetan plateau.高高的青藏高原之上The temperature will soon drop to minus 40 Celsius.氣溫會驟降到零下40攝氏度Out here,life is reduced to a single imperative - survival.在這里生命中只剩下唯一的念頭 求存For the argali,the worlds largest sheep

6、,對于這只盤羊世界上最大的羊而言it means searching for a few tufts of grass.這就意味著尋找?guī)状夭輩睤escending from the hilltops to lower altitudes,從山頂到更低一些的地方the argali band together for safety.盤羊為了安全而團結在一起Hopefully, down here,theyll be able to find enough food如果順利的話在這里能找到足夠的食物to last them through the rest of the winter.以幫助它們熬

7、過殘冬Although this winter landscape looks barren and forbidden,盡管冬的大地是如此的貧瘠與荒涼Tibets remote grasslands support a surprising variety of creatures.西藏偏遠的草地卻養(yǎng)活著種類多的令人吃驚的生物Though at this time of year, they can be hard to track down.盡管每年的這個時候難以尋覓它們的蹤跡By comparison,Tibets capital,Lhasa,is a hive of activity.

8、相比之下西藏的首府拉薩卻熙攘異常Lhasa is a focus for large numbers of pilgrims拉薩是眾多朝圣者的聚集地who congregate at the citys temples each day.他們每天在市內的廟宇相聚Tibet is home to over 2.5 million people,西藏供養(yǎng)著超過250萬的人口most of whom are deeply religious.其中大部分都是虔誠的信徒Though Tibetan Buddhist worship centres on elaborate temples,statues

9、 and images,盡管西藏的佛教徒傾心于精致復雜的廟宇雕塑以及畫像its beliefs are intimately linked with the wild landscapes of Tibet.他們的信仰卻和西藏的野生環(huán)境密切地交織在一起The starting point for that relationship is the mountain range這種關系起源于that runs along Tibets southern border.蜿蜒在西藏南部邊界的山脈Over 3,000 kilometres long,喜馬拉雅山脈的長度超過了3000千米the Himal

10、ayas are Chinas real Great Wall.是中國真正意義上的長城With hundreds of peaks over 7,000 metres and 13 peaks有上百個山峰的海拔超過了7000米其中十三個的海拔超過了8000米higher than 8,000 metres,they are the highest mountains on Earth.是地球上最高的山峰The Tibetan region contains over 35,000 glaciers西藏地區(qū)有3萬5千個以上的冰川that cover over 100,000 square kil

11、ometres.覆蓋了超過10萬平方千米的土地They comprise the largest area of ice outside the polar regions,組成了除去極地之外的最大的冰區(qū)and nearly a sixth of the worlds total.接近世界冰區(qū)總面積的六分之一These glaciers are the source of most of the water in the region.冰川是這個地區(qū)大部分水流的源頭And the Tibetan plateau is studded with glacial lakes.青藏高原上鑲嵌著眾多冰

12、冷的湖泊At over 4,500 metres up,Lake Manasarovar坐落在西藏遙遠西部海拔4500米處的瑪旁雍錯湖in the far west of Tibet,is the highest freshwater lake in the world.是世界上海拔最高的淡水湖In late spring,the chilly lake waters are a magnet for breeding birds.晚春時節(jié)寒冷的湖水吸引了很多繁衍的鳥兒The crested grebe woos his mate with offerings of weed for her

13、nest.這只冠毛給它同伴銜來了雜草以此示愛Finally the honeymoon suite is ready for action.最終愛巢為它們圓房做好了準備The grebes are joined by the highest flying birds in the world.除了這里還有世界上飛的最高的鳥Having spent the winter south of the Himalayas,斑頭鶴在喜馬拉雅山的南面過冬bar-headed geese make the hazardous mountain crossing each spring每年春天都要冒險飛越巔峰

14、to breed on the plateaus lakes.到高原的湖泊繁衍生息The geese nest together for safety.為了安全它們在一起筑巢But so many chicks hatching at the same time means that it can be tricky finding your parents.但如此多的小鳥同時孵出也就意味著找到親生父母是一個很棘手的問題Fortunately,once down at the waters edge,幸運的是一旦到了水里theres enough food for all of them.就能

15、夠找到足夠的食物Fed by the mountain glaciers,憑借著高山冰川the Tibetan plateau even has its own inland sea.青藏高原甚至形成了自己的內陸湖This is Qinghai Lake,青海湖Chinas largest.中國最大的內陸湖Millions of years of evaporation have concentrated the minerals in the lake,經過百萬年的蒸發(fā)礦物質濃縮了在湖中turning the water salty.使水變得咸了Rich in fish,its waters

16、 attract thousands of cormorants.湖中豐富的魚資源吸引了成千上萬的鸕鶿But its not just wildlife that values Tibets lakes and seas.西藏的湖泊不僅是野生動物的家園Their life-giving waters are also important to people.其間的水也使得人類的生命得以延續(xù)Tibetan religion is a unique mix of Buddhism and much older西藏的宗教是佛教與曾經在此地廣為流傳的Shamanic beliefs that were

17、 once widespread throughout the region.古老薩滿教的獨特的混合體This hybrid religion forms the basis of an extraordinary relationship with nature.這種混合信仰構成了他們與自然獨特關系的基礎In Shamanic belief,the land is imbued with magical properties在薩滿教義中這片土地被賦予了魔力which aid communication with the spirit world.使之能夠幫助與精神世界進行交流Here ani

18、mal skulls are decorated,and rocks are carved with sacred mantras,在這里動物的頭骨被裝飾起來巖石也刻上了神圣的曼特拉(傳統(tǒng)的頌歌)groups of syllables that are considered to have spiritual power.人們認為那些音節(jié)擁有精神的力量The reciting of the mantras is believed to create a magical sound人們相信誦讀這些曼特拉能夠產生魔音that reverberates through the universe.在宇

19、宙中回響The landscape is decorated with multi-coloured flags which大地被分別代表了金木水火土五種元素的represent the five elements - fire,wood,earth,water and iron.多彩的經幡裝飾著The flags are printed with prayers to purify the air and pacify the gods,經幡上印著禱文用以凈化空氣安撫神靈and the wind blows the prayers to heaven.而風會把這些祈禱帶向天堂。The pol

20、es on which the prayer flags are mounted are regularly replenished with fresh flags.印著禱文的經幡所裝裱的番桿經常會被換上新的經幡The old flags are treasured. Those nearest the top of the pole而舊的經幡很是珍貴那些最接近番桿頂部的are the most auspicious,so competition for these can get fierce!經幡更是象征著吉祥如意所以經幡的爭奪可能會很激烈The golden dome,which is

21、 mounted right at the top of the prayer pole,番桿頂部的金頂is the most sacred object of all.是所有物體當中最神圣的Or it will be,once its retrieved.至少一旦它被降下來之后是這樣。The old Shamanic beliefs of Tibet ascribed magical powers to the landscape.古老的薩滿教把魔法的力量歸功于這片土地.But theres a far more tangible source of power here但這里還有的更多可以

22、感知的力量which owes nothing at all to magic.卻和魔法沒有一丁點關系Strewn across the plateau are boiling thermal springs,散布于高原上的是滾燙的溫泉the evidence of mighty natural forces這是在這里有百萬年歷史的which have been at work over millions of years.渾厚的自然力量存在的證據Deep below the surface,the vast continental plates在地下深處巨大的亞洲板塊和of Asia and

23、 India are crashing into each other.印度板塊互相沖擊The turmoil below erupts in clouds of sulphurous steam.地下的混亂狀態(tài)使大量含硫的蒸汽噴薄而出It seems unlikely that scalding mineral springs should support life.由滾燙的礦物泉來孕育生命聽起來并不太可能But one unlikely creature thrives here precisely because of them.但確實有種不尋常的生物因之而繁衍興旺The hot spr

24、ing snake is unique to Tibet這種溫泉蛇是西藏所特有的and is believed to have survived the inhospitable conditions up人們把它在高原艱苦環(huán)境存活下來的原因on the plateau principally thanks to this natural central heating.主要歸功于這里的天然地熱These cold-blooded snakes hang out in streams and rivers which are fed這些冷血的蛇在由溫泉形成的溪流中游弋by the hot sp

25、rings,where they enjoy a surprisingly productive lifestyle.在溫泉中它們無憂無慮的生活著Slipping into the warm water,they wait patiently,bobbing their heads on the look-out for fish.滑進溫暖的水中耐心地等待腦袋在水面上下疾動靜等魚兒上鉤Thanks to its unlikely relationship with the volcanic forces which built the Himalayas,正由于與形成喜馬拉雅山的火山的不尋常關

26、系the hot spring snake is able to survive.溫泉蛇才得以生存在at altitudes up to 4,500 metres,海拔4500米的地方making it the highest-living snake in the world.這使它成為了世界上過著“最奢侈”的生活的蛇The slow-motion crash between Asia and India亞洲和印度板塊之間的緩慢運動has been going on for 30 million years.已經持續(xù)了3千萬年之久。The Himalayas are the crumple-

27、zone created by these two colliding landmasses,喜馬拉雅山脈就是這兩個大陸板塊撞擊后的結果a bewildering maze of mountains and valleys,它是一個山巒和山谷的迷宮home to elusive wild creatures.也是各種難以捉摸的野生動物的家園In this rugged and unforgiving terrain,在這個多巖的惡劣環(huán)境中l(wèi)ittered with fractured rock and ice cold rivers,散落著各種碎石和冰冷的河流the slightest mis

28、calculation may have fatal consequences.極微小的失誤也可能導致致命的后果The snow leopard is the worlds highest-living big cat.雪豹是世界上居住的海拔最高的貓科動物But theres another,smaller predator that ranges even higher,但這里還有一種更小的食肉動物它居住在海拔更高的地方almost to the roof of the world.幾乎是在世界之巔At a mind-numbing 8,848 metres high,在令人目眩的海拔884

29、8米的高度看Everest is one of the most hostile places for life on Earth.珠穆朗瑪峰是地球上最危險的地方之一Hundreds of people have died trying to conquer it.數百人在試圖征服它的嘗試中死于非命But when climbers first reached the ice fields three quarters of the way但當攀登者們第一次完成登山之路的四分之三的之時up the mountain,something had already beaten them to it

30、.有種生物早已在這方面打敗了他們。This jumping spider is the highest permanent resident on the planet.這種跳蜘蛛是地球上海拔最高的永久居住民Totally at home amongst the glaciers of Everest,在珠穆朗瑪峰的冰川之中it scours the slopes for wind-borne prey such as springtails.它在斜坡上四處搜索靠風飛行的獵物比如彈尾蟲。Chinese call this fierce little hunter the fly tiger.中

31、國人把這種小而兇猛的獵食者成為“飛虎”Jumping spiders are found all over the world.跳蜘蛛在世界各地都有分布Their eight eyes include an oversized central pair,他們的八對眼睛中有一對很大which act like powerful binoculars to spot potential victims.像雙筒望遠鏡一樣四處搜尋潛在的目標They use hydraulic pressure to work their legs like pistons,他們利用水壓使腿像活塞一樣catapulti

32、ng up to 30 times their own body length.可以彈跳到30倍于他們體長的高度The ideal way to get around in rocky terrain.這是在山地中行走的理想方法But like all mountaineers,they always secure a safety line first.但像其他的登山者一樣他們也總是先確認哪里是“安全線”A springtail grazes on detritus,一個彈尾蟲正盯著碎石屑unaware that its being stalked by such an acrobatic

33、predator.對這個耍雜技般的掠奪者的潛行跟蹤渾然不覺The Tibetans call Everest Qomolangma,藏民們把珠穆朗瑪峰稱為“Qomolangma(珠穆朗瑪)”meaning mother of the world.意為“大地之母”Its a mark of their affection for the mountain,however brutal it may appear.這象征著他們對山的熱愛而不管山看起來多么的冷酷無情Venture further from the mountains and out onto the open plateau,從高山

34、一直到廣闊的平原都充滿危險and life doesnt appear to get any easier.在這里活下去并不容易High winds scour the landscape風在大地上急速穿過and temperaturescan drop from baking to freezing in moments.氣溫也可以從酷熱難當驟降到冰冷入骨This is the Chang Tang or Northern Grassland.這里是羌塘或叫北部草原Its so remote that its been called the Third Pole.它遠離人煙，被稱為“世界第三

35、極”Its about 5,000 metres above sea level,這里海拔超過5000米way above the point at which altitude sickness starts to affect humans.遠遠超出了人們會有高原反應的高度At this height,most people are gasping for breath.在這個高度下大部分人都要不停地喘氣But lack of oxygen hasnt cramped this creatures style.但缺少氧氣卻對這種生物沒多大影響Chiru,or Tibetan antelop

36、e,have arrived for the winter rut.長角羚或叫藏羚羊已經到了冬季的發(fā)情期。In the energy-sapping thin air,the males must try to control在這樣耗能的稀薄空氣當中雄性還必須經常地圍著groups of females by constantly rounding them up and corralling them.成群的雌性跑以使她們在自己的控制之下。But the chiru have an advantage.但是藏羚羊也有優(yōu)勢Their red blood cell count is twice

37、as high as ours,他們的紅血球數量是我們的兩倍sufficient to supply their muscles with oxygen即使在如此高的緯度也足以為他們的even at this extreme altitude.肌肉輸送氧氣Nevertheless,its hard work keeping his harem in check,然而想要控制住這么一大群家眷并不容易，and the males life is about to get even harder.甚至有時雄性的生活會更加艱難。Another male is gearing up to steal h

38、is females.另一只雄性垂涎于它的家眷們With their rapier-like horns,the males wont risk fighting unless they really have to.除非逼不得已雄性一般不會冒險用它們劍一樣鋒利的角搏斗。But if neither backs down,conflict is inevitable.但如果雙方都不退讓大戰(zhàn)就不可避免。Some of these fights end in death.有時甚至不死不休While the males fence,the females look on.在雄性抵抗的時候雌性就在一旁

39、看著。Injured and weakened by the battle,the loser will be an easy target虛弱受傷的失敗者很容易成為在荒原上游弋的for the predators and scavengers that patrol the wilderness.食肉動物和食腐動物的目標Out here theres little room for mistakes.在這里生存不容許有任何失誤With a clear view of the endless plateau below,從高空俯視著廣袤無垠的高原vultures are quick to sp

40、ot any opportunity.禿鷲們不會放過任何一個機會A dead yak has drawn a crowd.一頭死牦牛吸引了一群禿鷲前來Vultures arent famous for their table manners.禿鷲的就餐禮儀并不好The vultures do well here,as the vast Tibetan wilderness is home to many large creatures.但在這里禿鷲們卻表現(xiàn)的很好,因為廣闊的西藏荒原有足夠多的大型生物Living in herds of up to 200 in the remoter corn

41、ers of the Tibetan plateau,居住在西藏高原偏遠角落的野牦牛群居的數量甚至可能達到200只wild yaks travel large distances,grazing on the alpine tundra.他們走過遙遠的距離來到高山上的凍土地帶尋覓食物Strong and secure over mountain passes and rivers,依靠著山口和河流牦牛在這里強大而安全The yak is in its element at altitude它們于這個海拔的環(huán)境是如此地連為一體so much so that it gets sick if it

42、goes below 3,000 metres.以至于如果他們到達海拔3000米以下身體就會變得虛弱。Standing two metres tall at the shoulder and weighing more牦牛身高2米體重超過800千克than 800 kilos,the wild yak is both formidable and aggressive.不僅自身強大還很好斗But without this fearsome creature its unlikely that humans would have survived up here.但若沒有這種看起來嚇人的生物人類

43、就不可能在這里生存。Once domesticated,the yak is an amazing animal,一旦被馴服牦牛會讓人驚異萬分，providing the Tibetans with transport,它為藏民提供運輸food,wool for clothes and tents,食物做衣物和帳篷的毛and manure for fuel.還有可以做燃料的糞便Its held in such high regard牦牛很受如此器重以至于that its fur is even used to decorate the sacred prayer flag poles,人們用它

44、的皮來裝飾神圣的經幡番桿and yak butter is used as an offering to the gods.它的脂肪也被用作敬奉神的貢品The yak has even led the Tibetans to buried treasure.牦牛甚至還幫助藏民找到了地上的寶藏In summer,people can be seen scouring the grassland,夏季可以看見有的人貼在草地上，bent over in deep concentration.全神貫注地四處搜索This is the worlds weirdest harvest.這是世界上最奇特的收

45、割方式了Tibetans first investigated this strange root-like organism,藏民們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種被稱為“牙扎梗布(藏語:冬蟲夏草)”known locally as yartsa gunbu,的奇怪的根狀生物體when their yaks appeared to have more energy after grazing on it.原因就在于看到了牦牛們在吃完它之后精力充沛Rumours of its amazing properties gradually spread.關于它的神奇的特性的傳言逐漸傳播開來and today the

46、yartsa gunbu is a passport into a shady,underground world.到了今天冬蟲夏草已經進入了地下黑市Its possible to dig up 40 of them in a day,有時一天一人就可以挖掘40個左右the proceeds from which may provide half the collectors annual income.而這些收入則可能占采集者年收入的一半Yartsa gunbu has been used as a traditional remedy for thousands of years,冬蟲夏草

47、被用作傳統(tǒng)藥物已經上千年though only by the very wealthy.但僅限于非常富有的人群It has been bartered for tea and silk,它被用來交換茶葉和絲綢and is worth more than four times its weight in silver.可以換回超過本身四倍重量的銀子So lucrative is this trade,that sites and information are jealously guarded.這項貿易是如此的暴利使得它的交易地點和信息都被謹慎地保護起來At the nearby market

48、,the yartsa gunbu are cleaned,在附近的集市上冬蟲夏草被清理干凈and their true nature becomes clear.這使得它的本來面目顯露了出來The yartsa gunbu translates as summer grass,winter worm.冬蟲夏草被翻譯為“冬天的蟲子夏天的草”The winter worm is a caterpillar.冬蟲是一種毛蟲It eats roots of grasses它以草根為食in preparation for its transformation into a moth.為自己變身成蛾做準

49、備。But some winter worms never make it as moths.但有些冬蟲卻從沒有機會變成蛾Instead,a strange growth erupts from their body,而在夏季一個奇怪的植物appearing above ground in summer.在冬蟲的體內生長發(fā)育直至破土而出This is the summer grass,這就是“夏草”a fungus called Cordyceps,whose spores have infected the caterpillar,一種被稱為蟲草的真菌是它的孢子侵入了毛蟲體內using it

50、s body as their host.并將毛蟲的身體作為它們的宿主Modern scientific tests have shown that substances contained現(xiàn)代科學實驗證明含有冬蟲夏草的物質可以in Cordyceps lower blood pressure and make it easier to breathe.降低血壓并能使呼吸更順暢So in recent years,harvesting this natural treasure所以近些年來收獲這種自然資源has grown into a huge and profitable business

51、.已經成為有巨大利益的生意Yartsa gunbu sells for big money in the top department stores of Lhasa,Yarsa gunbu 不僅在拉薩的百貨公司里暢銷and there is a growing market outside of Tibet.而且藏外的市場也在逐漸變大Although Tibet is modernising fast,盡管西藏日新月異地發(fā)展it retains a deeply spiritual culture.它的精神文化依舊根深蒂固Even today,Tibetan valleys resound

52、to distinctive and extraordinary calls to prayer.即使在今天神秘西藏大峽谷的回響仍然在呼喚著祈禱的人們The Tibetan horn may be the worlds most unwieldy instrument,西藏的號角或許是世界上最笨重的樂器but its sound is unique.但是它的音色獨特Every morning,the nuns assemble for practice.每天早晨喇嘛們聚集在一起練習吹奏The air is chilly,but they soon warm up.開始空氣很涼但她們很快就暖和起

53、來。Monks and nuns comprise a substantial portion of society,喇嘛們是組成社會的一部分Largely self-contained and isolated.他們自控也獨立CHANTING熱情Deep within the monastery is the spiritual engine that drives much of Tibetan culture.修道院的深處是推動藏文化的精神動力Buddhists believe in an endless cycle of rebirth佛教徒相信生命輪回in which the act

54、ions of this life will impact on the next.他們相信人們今生的所作所為能影響來生The goal of Buddhism is to escape from this earthly cycle of pain佛教的目標就是通過達到一種“悟”的自由的境界and suffering by achieving a state of freedom called enlightenment.來擺脫俗世的災難和痛苦The enlightened guides,or spiritual teachers,are called lamas.這種教化的領路人或精神上的

55、老師叫做喇嘛The possibility of escaping the cycle of life and death擺脫生死輪回追求教化的想法and the promise of enlightenment encourages people to perform activities that benefit all beings.驅使著人們一心向善M.ETA.LLIC TINK.LINGM.ETA.LLIC TINK.LINGThis belief assigns as much importance to the environment and its creatures as i

56、t does to humans,由于相信萬物都有靈魂所以他們認為環(huán)境生物和since every living creature is believed to have a soul.人類都是平等的In the remote lands of Tibet, for over 1,000 years，一千多年以來在西藏這偏僻的地方，this concept has been translated into practical benefits for wildlife,這個觀念為野生動植物帶來了and it starts literally on their doorstep.實實在在的好處B

57、uddhist monasteries have sacred sites,僧廟的佛教徒有一些神圣的地方areas where taboos are placed on the hunting and killing of animals.在那里獵殺動物是犯忌諱的Some creatures have become so tame that the nuns are able to hand-feed them,一些動物已經被馴服喇嘛們都可以用手喂它們Iike these Tibetan-eared pheasants.比如西藏野雞Thanks to hand-outs from the nu

58、ns,these rare birds can survive the worst of the winter.由于喇嘛伸出援手那些稀有的鳥們可以活過最寒冷的冬天。In this extreme place, people with few resources在這個極度嚴寒的地方資源匱乏的人們are prepared to share them with their needy fellow-creatures.隨時準備同需要幫助的生靈分享食物The Tibetan example is a model for conservation.西藏就是一個自然資源保護很好的例子This respec

59、t for wildlife extends beyond the monasteries and into the wider community.對野生動植物的尊重已經從寺廟延伸到了更廣闊的社會中One of Tibets most sacred creatures is the black-necked crane.西藏最神圣的一種動物是黑頸鶴In summer they live and breed out on the plateau,夏季它們在高原上繁衍生息，but in winter they congregate on farmland.但是在冬天它們聚集在農田里。70% of

60、 the worlds population can be found here.世界上70%的黑頸鶴都在這里The species was only recently identified by scientists,盡管科學家最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)這種生物but it has been known to Tibetans for hundreds of years.但是西藏人認識它們已經有幾百年了In the 17th century,Tibets supreme lama wrote,在17世紀西藏的達賴喇嘛寫到Crane,lend me your wings,I go no farther tha