0虛擬語(yǔ)氣講與練18+20

1、The Subjunctive Mood:虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀愿望!測(cè)、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等也可以表示可能性較小的情況或不可能發(fā)生的情況， 而不是客觀存在的事實(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是由句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的擬語(yǔ)氣常用 于復(fù)合句中，也可用于簡(jiǎn)單句。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法Present Unreal:If I (you, he / she, we, they)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / mi動(dòng)詞原形e.g. If I had HIV would know because I would fel

2、l sick.If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.Past Unreal:If I (you, he / she, we, they) + had過(guò)去分詞 should / would / could / might + hav 過(guò)去分詞e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.Future imp

3、ossible:If I (you, he / she, we, they)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(were, did, had, etc.), . should / would / could / mi動(dòng)詞原形e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.If I (you, he / she, we, they) should 詞原形. should / would / could / might動(dòng)詞原形e.g. If he should fail in the experiment t

4、his time, he would try again.If I (you, he / she, we, they) + were 動(dòng)* 1+ 原形 should / would / could / mig動(dòng)詞原形e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題關(guān)于假使條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣需注意的幾點(diǎn)如果從句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間，不一致假設(shè)條件句叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件虛 擬語(yǔ)氣其主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成要根據(jù)所假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定If I had taken the medicine, I

5、 would be better如日果我服用了那種藥的i!現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好些了If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still如etteerU 些日子天氣更好些 莊稼一定會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好If it were not for / had not been fo也是一種條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句譯為“要不是因?yàn)?If it hadftt been for the doctor, he wouldnt have recovered so soon.If it were not for the lack of space, we would ho

6、ld the sports me.et today有些條件是由一些短語(yǔ)引出的but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)We couldnt have achieved so much without yolpr (=e If we had not had your help).Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.With better equipment, we could have done it better.But for electricity (= If t

7、here were no electricity), there would be no modern industryI should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.He felt very tired yesterd, aoyr he would have attended the p.arty在某些隱含的虛擬條件簡(jiǎn)單句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣可通

8、過(guò)上下文表現(xiàn)出來(lái)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式Any men in his position would have done like that.You should (ought to) have come earlier.虛擬語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣的混合使用在有些情況下條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)散hould+原形動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成 這時(shí)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是虛擬語(yǔ)氣或陳述語(yǔ)氣可 以是祈使語(yǔ)氣.If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.Should anyone phone, please tell them Im. busyEven if (If) it sho

9、uld get storihwill go.表示要求建議命令的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示要求建議 命令的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should +原形動(dòng)詞其中可以should省略 下列例句可以表示這種虛擬語(yǔ) 氣.主賓語(yǔ)從句表示法uggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, pfe動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用 原形動(dòng)詞should +原形動(dòng)詞可以省略The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.The London dockers demanded that their wages

10、 (should) be raised.He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.當(dāng)suggest, insist等動(dòng)詞表示暗示堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不需要用虛擬語(yǔ)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?He insisted that he was innocent.主語(yǔ)從句表示法當(dāng)以上動(dòng)詞用在下列句型中時(shí)主語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)該用hould +原形動(dòng)詞It is suggested that the building (should) be pull

11、ed down.It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.在 It is (was) strange (necessawonderfUl, important, etc.) tha句.型中,strange, necessary 后面的主語(yǔ)從句中用hould + 原形 動(dòng)詞,should可以省略It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the. partyIt is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.

12、It is important that we should learn from toehrs.e.表語(yǔ)從句表示法suggestion,proposal,order,advice,demand等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其后面的表語(yǔ)從句中也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣P should+原形動(dòng)詞 should也可以省略My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.wish后面所跟賓語(yǔ)從句要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣e.g. I wish that she were here with me and that we werent sick.I wish I had sent the o

13、ld man to hospital in time.在as if引起的從句中動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣通常用wereg. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yest.erday同位語(yǔ)從句表示法That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中常見(jiàn)的句型有It is (high / about) time that.這一從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式should

14、+原形動(dòng)詞 其中should不可以省略此句型譯為 該是.時(shí)候了.would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.此句型表示寧愿讓某人.”,如果是沒(méi)有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作從句用過(guò)去時(shí)如果是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Id rather you left tomorrow.Id rather they hadnt gone to school yeste. rdayif only.此句型表示要是.就好了，.其后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)與vish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相同既:如果虛擬現(xiàn)在要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)如 果是虛擬過(guò)去要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)如果是虛擬將來(lái)則應(yīng)該用would或could加原形動(dòng)詞If onl

15、y I were a bird!If only I had worked hard as a student!If only I could land on the moon!連接詞in case可用來(lái)引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式通常為in case +主語(yǔ)+ should 動(dòng)詞原形in case句中should的可以省去 也可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣而用陳述語(yǔ)氣He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.He doesnt dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.虛擬

16、語(yǔ)氣單項(xiàng)選擇If I had had enough time my work.A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finishedTen minutes earlier, they the plane.A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caughtD. will have caughtMr. Green requires that the students a composition every other week.A. write B. w

17、ritten C. would write D. will writeHad he studied hard, he the exam.A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passedI wish I what is happening there in his room.A. know B. known C. knew D. should knowIt is important that you sports every dayA. haveB. would have C. must have D. will hav

18、eIf there were no water in the world, everything .A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I knownHe ordered that the work right awayA. should finish B. finished

19、C. would be finished D. be finished一 Shall we go to the movie tonight?一 No, Id rather at home with our babybud better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay in your position, I would help him.A. Was I B. Were IC. If I amD. If I had beenI, but I was stoppe

20、d by the heavy rain.A. mean to come B. meant to come C. had meant to come D. meant comingMrs. Black insists in that old hotel.A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that he not stayIf you had spoken clearjy)u would.A understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understoodI

21、f you that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepyA. havent watched B. hadnt watched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watchedThe foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese.A. is B. be C. should be D. were一 If he , he that food. 一 Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediatelyA.

22、was warned; would not takeB. would be warned; had not takenC. had been warned; would not have takenD. would have been warned; had not takenWithout electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology achieved.A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. cannot have beenkey : 1.C 2.C

23、3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.C虛擬語(yǔ)氣實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your acbH海2003)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should followbe sent to work there?海 2002)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who

24、should D. Do you suggest whom shouldHow I wish every family a large house with a beautiful galrden! ( 2002)A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he 上 goaD(1)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredYOu didnt let me drive.

25、If we in turn, so tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have gotMy suggestion is that we a few more assistants to help the engioeking busily on the machine.A. sends B. sending C. to send D. sendThe CEO of the company insisted in the five-s

26、tar hotel.A. that we not stay B. that we dont stay C. we wouldnt stay D. not to stayIts high time we students even harder at oun deissthe national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to workIt has been proposed that the school sports meet till next weekend be

27、cause of the recent storm.A. should be put off B. should put off C. put off D. would be put offHow I wish I to Athens, where the 28th Olympic Games are being held!A. will pay a visit B. have paid a visit C. could pay a visit D. had paid a visitThough the girl had been suffering from the blood diseas

28、e, she acted as if nothing to her while facing her friends and relatA. happened B. happens C. had happened D. happenIf he his legs in the last training, he the comihg(Wp, which he has been longing to compete in.A. hadnt hurt; would join in B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part inC. didnt hurt; would go in for D. didnt h