英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分析_句子成分分析報(bào)告

1、. .7/7ImetmybestfriendTomat the ststion yesterday.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)1、主語(yǔ)：是一句的主體，是全句訴說(shuō)的對(duì)象，常用名詞、數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任（是全句談?wù)摰闹行脑?huà)題）。例：(1) Students syudy.（名詞） (2)We are friends.（代詞）(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（動(dòng)名詞）(5)Jane is good at playing the p

2、iano.(6)She went out in a hurry.(7)Four plus four is eight.(8)To see is to believe.(9)Smoking is bad for health.(10)The young should respect the old.(11)What he has said is true.2、謂語(yǔ)：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面（主語(yǔ)做什么了、怎么了）。例：(1)Studentsstudy.（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）(2)We are friends.（be動(dòng)詞）(3)We loveChina.(

3、4)We have finished reading this book.(5)He can speak English.（復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）(6)She seems tired.(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.(8)He looked after two orphans.3、賓語(yǔ)：表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，放在與物動(dòng)詞或代詞之后（動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，目標(biāo)；位于與物動(dòng)詞之后）。賓語(yǔ)分為間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)指物，間接賓語(yǔ)指人。例：(a)He gavemesome books.間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)(b)Please pass me the book

4、.(c)He bought me some flowers.They are teachers.I play with him.We love watching football games.He is dong her homework now.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing football games.注：位于介詞之后的成分也稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)。4、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。例：(1)I found the book interesting.(2)

5、Do you smell something burning?(3)He made himself known to them.(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.(5)Please make yourself at home.(6)Please keep the dog out.(7)We must keep it a secret. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成主補(bǔ)。例：(1)I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.(2)The t

6、eacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam.(3)We made him monitor.He was made monitor.(4)He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.5、定語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)任（是用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的詞）。形容詞放在名詞前，相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句放在名詞之后。例：(1)This is a red sun.(2)

7、The black bike is mine.(3)He is a tall boy.(4)She is a chemistry teacher.(5)The man in bllue is my brother.(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.6、狀語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子的成分，常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞的可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞的放在它們之前。例：(1)T

8、he students study hard.(2)I often write to him.(3)The bag is too heavy.(4)I will be back in a while.(5)They are playing on the playground.(6)He was late because he got up late.(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.(8)I waited to see you.(9)He often went to school by bus.(10)His parents died,

9、leaving him an orphan.(11)Please call me if it is necessary.(12)This book is very interesting.(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.(14)He always comes late to school.7、表語(yǔ)：系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn

10、,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：This table is long.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.通常情況下，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前的成分是定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)前的成分是狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)放在句子的后面。（定語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)（定語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)

11、）。(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.英語(yǔ)句子成分歌： 英語(yǔ)句子八呀八大塊， 主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在； 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟著賓語(yǔ)標(biāo)語(yǔ)跑， 定語(yǔ)同位（語(yǔ)）專(zhuān)把名詞踹。 狀語(yǔ)的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。 渾身的毛病真呀真不少，前后亂竄它還會(huì)加塞。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型： 基本句型一：S+V （主+謂） 基本句型二：S+V+P (主+系+表) 基本句型三：S+V+O (主+謂+賓) 基本句型四：S+V+o+O (主+謂+間賓+直賓) 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+謂+賓+賓

12、補(bǔ))SVPoOC句型一ShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matterThe penwrite smoothly句型二HeishappyEverythinglooksniceHis faceturnedred句型三WestudyEnglish everdayTheyare playingfootballHeenjoysreadingShesaid“Good morning”.句型四Igivehima bookMy motherbroughtmea pen yesterdayIshowedhimmy pictureWemust keepthe doo

13、ropenThe newsmakesmehappyWe callhimJim He toldmeto wash the platesIsawa thieftgoing into your room二、從句從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句，而不能單獨(dú)做一個(gè)句子。英語(yǔ)中主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語(yǔ)從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語(yǔ)從句，包括時(shí)間，結(jié)果，條件，目的，原因，讓步，地點(diǎn)，方式等）主從作主語(yǔ)，例：That the earth is round is truth.賓從作賓語(yǔ)，例：Do you know where h

14、e lives?表從左表語(yǔ)，：My opinion is that you should not go alone.(一)主語(yǔ)從句一、1、定義：作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。2、引導(dǎo)詞：主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以與連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)，that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例：(1)What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚

15、。(2)Who will won the match is still unknown.誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。(3)It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。(4)Where the English evening will be held is has not yet been announced. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在那里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。二、1、找主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先找到句子的謂語(yǔ)，主句的謂語(yǔ)前面的從句，就是主語(yǔ)從句。(1)Why he leftwasnt important.主語(yǔ)從句 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(2)That he

16、became an artistmay have been due to her fathers influence.主語(yǔ)從句 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2、that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可以放在主語(yǔ)的位置，這時(shí)that不可省略。例：That prices will go up is certain.3、that主語(yǔ)從句放在句首的情況不是很常見(jiàn)，絕大部分主語(yǔ)從句都借助形式主語(yǔ)it，主語(yǔ)從句放在后面。(1)It is strange that he knows nothing about it.(2)It is a pity that he cant swim.(3)It happened that he wasn

17、t in that day.(4)It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.在口語(yǔ)中,用it作形式主語(yǔ)是，主語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略。4、有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句(4)It+不與物動(dòng)詞+that從句注意：主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should

18、+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)thatIts a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)thatIt is suggested(required,proposed,desired,etc)that5、wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以放在句首(1)，也可以借助形式主語(yǔ)it(2)。(1)When hell be back depends much on the weather.How it was done was a mystery.Whether well succeed remains to

19、 be seen.(2)It is uncertain whether the game will be held. Its a puzzle now life began.It doesnt matter much where we live.Is it known where he went?（二）定語(yǔ)從句一、1、定義：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在所修飾的先行詞后面。2、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：（1）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，（2）代替先行詞，（3）在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：1、who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。(1