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1、一般來說,一篇雅思作文如果不出現(xiàn)太多明顯的語法錯誤,就可以保證得六分。在英文學(xué)習(xí)中,語法學(xué)習(xí)比增加詞匯量要簡單得多。很多考生通常將全部精力放在詞匯上,在寫作中用復(fù)雜的詞,其實這是一個誤區(qū)。因為考官只在乎考生是否可以將觀點表達(dá)清楚,而不在乎考生能否羅列一堆復(fù)雜的近義詞。如果出現(xiàn)大量的語法錯誤或者大量使用不當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,那么就會在很大程度上影響考官對考生試卷的印象,分?jǐn)?shù)也會因此而不理想。雅思的語法學(xué)習(xí)主要有兩種方法:一是識別常見的語法錯誤,在寫作中加以避免;二是理解句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu),從而寫出正確的句子。我基于修改的數(shù)千篇文章總結(jié)出的錯誤和正確寫法!大家可以仔細(xì)看看!第一節(jié) 雅思作文十大類常見語法錯誤
2、一、句子不完整a.一個簡單句有兩個基本成分:主語和謂語動詞,兩者。evi例 1:In China has moren 100 million subscribers to cable.(錯誤。in China 為介賓短語,不能充當(dāng)主語。)China has moren 100 million subscribers to cableevi.(正確。中國有超過一億的有線電視用戶。)例 2:One of the many benefits of travelling overseas learning how to cope with the unexpected.(錯誤。這句話并沒有謂語動詞,l
3、earning 是動名詞,不能作謂語。)One of the many benefits of travelling overseas is learning how to cope with the unexpected.(正確。去國外旅行的眾多好處之一是學(xué)習(xí)如何處理突發(fā)事件。)b.如果一個句子有從句,也必須保證從句的完整性。例:Those who overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for hear(錯誤。從句中的 overweight 是個形容詞,前面缺一個系動詞。)tacks.Those who are ove
4、rweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for hear(正確。那些體重過重或者喜歡不健康飲食的人是心臟病的潛在患者。)tacks.c.介詞后面一定要加名詞、代詞或者從句作賓語。例:A marked character of cooperative learning ist(錯誤。from 是介詞,后面要加賓語。)A marked character of cooperative learning isal sucs only springs from.tal sucs only springs fromgroup sucs.(
5、正確。合作學(xué)習(xí)的一個顯著特征是個人的成功只能源于團(tuán)隊成功。)d.在大多數(shù)情況下,后面一般要加n,并且清晰指明所比較的對象。例:Divorce is more common.(錯誤。缺n。)Divorce is more commonn it was one generation ago.(正確?,F(xiàn)在,離婚的現(xiàn)象比上一代要普遍。)二、句子成分多余a.一個簡單句通常只有一個主語,如果主語超過一個,要使用連詞并列主語。例:Smoking,drinking are bannedany plaof work.(錯誤。smoking 和 drinking 都是主語,要用連詞。)Smoking and dr
6、inking are bannedany plaof work.的。)(正確。抽煙和喝酒在很多工作場所都是被b.如果一個句子中出現(xiàn)多個謂語動詞,要使用連詞連接并列動詞,或者在一些句子中使用關(guān)系代詞復(fù)合句。有一些動詞后面可以跟動詞作賓語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語。例 1:The media distorts reality, categorises things as all good or all bad.(錯誤。distorts 和categorises 都是謂語動詞,需要加連詞and。) The media distorts reality and categorises things as all
7、good or all bad.(正確。歪曲事實,把事情界定成全部是好的或全部是壞的。)例 2:It is unclear recycling can help control pollution.(錯誤。出現(xiàn) is 和 can help 兩個謂語動詞,根據(jù)句意它們之間需要加連接詞復(fù)合句。)It is unclear whether recycling can help control pollution.(正確。廢物回收是否有助于控制污染仍然是不清楚的。)例 3:It is advertising makes us buy something on a whim.(錯誤。這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,i
8、s 和 makes 都是謂語動詞,需要加上連詞調(diào)句型完整。)t 使強(qiáng)It is advertising(正確。是t makes us buy something on a whim.因為心血來潮而買東西。)讓c.如果一個句子出現(xiàn)多個賓語,一般要使用連詞連接如 give、offer 等可以跟雙賓語。并列賓語。但是也有一些動詞,例:More people would prefer cycling, walking if conditions were right.(錯誤。cycling 和 walking 都是賓語,應(yīng)該用連詞。)More people would prefer cycling o
9、r walking if conditions were right.(正確。如果條件允許的話,的人會喜歡騎自行車或者是走路。)d.如果出現(xiàn)兩個句子,中間除了用加連詞這種方法之外,還可以用標(biāo)點符號分割,比如用或者分號。和分號在語法上有連詞的功能,其前后要有完整的句子;而逗號、括號則不能夠連接完整的句子。例:Education has been made available to more people nowadays, however, many adults some problems with literacy and numeracy.e(錯誤。however 是個副詞,不是連詞,其前
10、后都是完整的句子,因此不能用逗號連接。)Education has been made available to more people nowadays; however, many adultsesome problems with literacy and numeracy.(正確。如今,問題。)的人可以獲得教育。然而,很多成年人在讀寫和計算方面仍然有e.部分名詞短語可獨立作時間狀語,前面不能加介詞。例:People can travel to and from duty in every day on foot or by bike.(錯誤。every day 作狀語,前面不能加介詞。
11、)People can travel to and from duty every day on foot or by bike.(正確。人們可以每天通過步行或者自行車上下班。)f.一般來說,because 和 so、although 和 but 等連詞不能夠同時用在一個句子當(dāng)中。例:Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, but violent crimes are constantly rampant.(錯誤。although 和 but 不能同時用于一個句子。)Although the crime ra
12、te is falling in many parts of the world, violent crimes are constantly rampant.(正確。雖然在世界上很多地方率在下降,但仍然是非常猖獗的。)g.用詞避免累贅,同義詞或近義詞最好不要同時出現(xiàn)。例:Teamwork is indispensable, essential and cruworker.l if you are not an experienced learner or(錯誤。indispensable、essential 和crul 詞義相近,造成句意重復(fù)。)Teamwork is indispensab
13、le if you are not an experienced learner or worker.(正確。如果你不是一個經(jīng)驗豐富的學(xué)習(xí)者或工作者,那么團(tuán)隊合作是的。)三、時態(tài)、語態(tài)使用錯誤a.情態(tài)動詞(can,could,must,need,may,might 等等)。1. 注意情態(tài)動詞的區(qū)別。2. 情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞。例 1:This trend can persisted for years.(錯誤。情態(tài)動詞后面只加動詞。)This trend can persist for years.(正確。這個潮流能夠持續(xù)很久。)例 2:Clothes for travel should was
14、 lightweight and practical.(錯誤。情態(tài)動詞后的 be 動詞應(yīng)用。)Clothes for travel should be lightweight and practical.情態(tài)動詞一般意義表示推測的意義can / could“有能力”“可能”should / ought to“應(yīng)該”“很可能”must“必須”“必定會”will / would“有意愿”“以后會”may / might“可以”“可能”(正確。旅游用的衣服應(yīng)該輕便和實用。)b.助動詞,主要有:do(does,did),be(am,is,are,was,were),shall(should),will
15、(would)。e(has,had),1.助動詞 be(am,is,are,was,were)后的動詞不能是詞或者過去分詞形式。例:The budget of a country should be balance each year.,一定要是動詞的現(xiàn)在分(錯誤。be 動詞后不可以加 balance 的動詞。)The budget of a country should be balanced each year.(正確。國家每年都必須平衡預(yù)算。)2.助動詞可以和實義動詞組以下幾種時態(tài):3.幾種常用時態(tài)的區(qū)別:例:This incident reflected the decline of
16、team sportsodays universities.(錯誤。一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響;應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。)特點說話時動作的情況例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時正在進(jìn)行,還沒結(jié)束(暫時的情況)。說話時動作正在進(jìn)行。Thebuildersarebuilding a house.一般現(xiàn)在時重復(fù)的動作,或者經(jīng)常的動作(的情況。)說話的時候未必在進(jìn)行這個動作。Builders build housesfor others.現(xiàn)在完成時過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作,或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在仍未結(jié)束的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的結(jié)果和影響。說話的時候很可能動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束(甚至早已結(jié)束),也
17、有可能仍在進(jìn)行。She has read this book.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時刻(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作本身)。說話的時候動作已經(jīng)開始,還沒有結(jié)束。She has been reading this book.一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作或行為;過去的動作和現(xiàn)在沒聯(lián)系。說話的時候動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束;這個動作對現(xiàn)在的影響不得而知。She was a teacher ten years ago.一般時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在do / doesam / are / isnghas /edonehas /ebeen done過去didwas /
18、 werenghad donehad beenng將來shall / willdoshall / willbengshall / wille doneshall / wille beenng過去將來should / woulddoshould / wouldbengshould / woulde doneshould / woulde beenngThis incident reflects the decline of team sportsodays universities.(正確。這個事件反映出在大學(xué)里團(tuán)體體育的。)c.有些句子的謂語動詞由助動詞(或情態(tài)動詞)與實義動詞時態(tài)。例:Obe
19、sity has a problem to most Americans for decades.,以一定的語態(tài)或(錯誤。has 可以作實義動詞,意為“有”,也可以作助動詞,和實義動詞完成時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意,has 在本句顯然應(yīng)該是一個助動詞,需要和一個動詞的過去分詞動詞的完成時態(tài),所以這個句子缺一個主動詞 be 的過去分詞 been。)Obesity has been a problem to most Americans for decades.(正確。幾十年來,肥胖對于大部分人來說一直是一個問題。)d.動詞的語態(tài)要分清主動和。例 1:Trade is consisted of the exc
20、hange of goods and(錯誤。consist of 用于主動語態(tài)。)t of servi.Trade consists of the exchange of goods andt of servi.(正確。貿(mào)易由產(chǎn)品的交換和服務(wù)的交換組成。)例 2:Consumer confidence will improve, which is cru(錯誤。消費者信心應(yīng)該是被提高。)l to an economic recovery.Consumer confidence will be improved, which is cru(正確。消費者信心將會被提高,這對經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇是l to an
21、 economic recovery.的。)e.如果謂語動詞是由動介或動副短語省略。且位于句尾,那么后面的介詞或者副詞不能夠例:At the nursing home, elders can be well cared.(錯誤。care 當(dāng)“照顧”講為不及物動詞,應(yīng)該用care for 表達(dá)。)At the nursing home, elders can be well cared for.(正確。在療養(yǎng)院里,老人可以得到很好的照顧。)a.動名詞和不定式作主語的時候謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例 1:Raising standards of literacy are theernments priori
22、ty.(錯誤。句子的主語是 raising standards,而不是 standards。)Raising standards of literacy is theernments priority.(正確。提高群眾文化素質(zhì)是的首要任務(wù)。)例 2:To rear a child alone are challenging to any parent.(錯誤。主語是 to rear a child alone。)To rear a child alone is challenging to any parent.(正確。獨立撫養(yǎng)一個小孩對于任何父母都是有性的。)b.當(dāng)主語后跟著 with,to
23、gether with,coupled with,combined wi詞引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)跟前面主語的數(shù)保持一致。例:Overworking, coupled with poor diet, lead to physical degeneration.s well as,like 等(錯誤。主語是 overworking,不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。)Overworking, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.(正確。工作過度,再加上不好的飲食,會導(dǎo)致體質(zhì)下降。)c.不定代詞 anybody,anythi
24、ng,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing,somebody, something,each,none 等作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例:Even if somebody fall sick, everything go on as usual.(錯誤。somebody 和 everything 作主語,謂語動詞都應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。)Even if somebody falls sick, everything goes on as usual.(正確。即便有人病了,一切還是照常進(jìn)行。)d.neither.nor.或者 either.or.引導(dǎo)主語的時候,謂語動詞的數(shù)視
25、鄰近動詞的那個主語而定。e.定語從句中動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致例:Parenting, which are a stressful job, has been increasingly valued by society.(錯誤。先行詞是 parenting 這個不可數(shù)名詞,從句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用 is。) Parenting, which is a stressful job, has been increasingly valued by society.(正確。父母教育這個很有壓力的工作,已經(jīng)逐漸被社重視。)f.由 what,whether,how,t,where 等詞引導(dǎo)主語從句,
26、主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例:How we can cope with massive technological change in the 21st century are aneresting ie.(錯誤。how 引導(dǎo)的主語從句后,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。)How we can cope with massive technological changehe 21st century is aneresting ie.(正確。如何處理 21 世紀(jì)的大規(guī)模技術(shù)變化是一件有趣的事情。)g.the number of+名詞的復(fù)數(shù),后面謂語動詞用單數(shù);a number of+名詞的復(fù)數(shù),后面謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
27、;a huge amount of+不可數(shù)名詞,后面謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例:A significant number of young people has been leaving the countryside for urban areas.(錯誤。謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。)A significant number of young peoplee been leaving the countryside for urban areas.(正確。大量的年輕人已經(jīng)離開郊區(qū)到城市。)五、謂語動詞使用錯誤a.主語+謂語動詞+賓語的基及物動詞后一定要加名詞或者名詞性質(zhì)的成分作賓語,本句型;否則就是錯誤的
28、。例:I will discuss in some.(錯誤。discuss 是及物動詞。)I will discuss this topic in some.(正確。我會比較詳細(xì)地這個話題。)b.不及物動詞后不能直接加任何名詞或者名詞性的詞語作賓語,如果要加賓語,則要加介詞;不及物動詞沒有語態(tài)。例 1:The accident was similar to onet was happened last year.(錯誤。happen 是不及物動詞,不能用語態(tài)。)The accident was similar to oneppened last year.(正確。這個事故和去年發(fā)生的一個事故類
29、似。)例 2:I disagree many pos made by the supporters of globalisation.(錯誤。disagree 是不及物動詞,不能直接加賓語 pos。)I disagree with many pos made by the supporters of globalisation.(正確。我不同意全球化支持者很多觀點。)c.如果謂語動詞是動詞詞組(phrasal verb),這時候也要分辨動詞詞組是及物還是不及物,從而判斷是否有語態(tài)。常用的不及物動詞詞組有 depend on,rely on,survive on, arise from,stem
30、 from,belong to,consist of,等等。例 1:Many museums and libraries are depended entirely on donations from the public.(錯誤。depend on 是不及物動詞詞組,不能用語態(tài)。)Many museums and libraries depend entirely on donations from the public.(正確。很多博物館和館完全依賴社會的捐款。)例 2:A sucsfulanisation should not be consisted entirely of oldeo
31、ple.(錯誤。consist of 是不及物動詞詞組,不能用語態(tài)。)A sucsfulanisation should not consist entirely of oldeople.(正確。一個成功的企業(yè)不應(yīng)該完全由老年人組成。)d.有一些及物動詞后面常跟雙賓語deny,grant,rend,show 等等)。主語+謂語動詞+雙賓語的基本句型(譬如 bring,例:We should not deny childrent theye the opportunity to study what they like.(錯誤。deny 后面可以跟雙賓語。)We should not deny
32、children the opportunity to study what they like.(正確。不應(yīng)該否決讓孩子們擁有學(xué)習(xí)自己所喜歡的東西的機(jī)會。)e.有一些不及物動詞后面跟賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語,主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的基本句型。注意:make,的動詞不定式。e,let 這三個感官動詞后面跟的賓語補(bǔ)足語常用不加 to例 1:This photograph makes me to look about 60.(錯誤。to 是多余的。)This photograph makes me look about 60.(正確。這讓我看起來像是 60 歲。)例 2:Whether we l
33、ike it or not, our fami(錯誤。to be 是多余的。)Whether we like it or not, our famis shour lives and make us to be what we are.s shour lives and make us what we are.(正確。不管己。)系動詞后面接表語,是否喜歡,的家庭決定的生活,讓成為現(xiàn)在的自f.主語+系動詞+表語的基本句型。有一些實義動詞也可以作半系動詞。判斷是否是半系動詞主要是看其后面是否可以跟形容詞作表語,如果可以跟形容詞,一般都是半系動詞,比如 seem,look,get,stay,rema
34、in 等。1. 副詞不能作表語,形容詞則可以。例:Cycling is benefi(錯誤。benefi Cycling is benefi(正確。騎車對lly to our health.lly 是副詞,不能作表語。)l to our health.的健康有益。)2. 系動詞一般不用。例:Most children are seemed to be better at remembering bad habits, instead of good ones.(錯誤。seem 在此是半系動詞,不能用于語態(tài)。)Most children seem to be better at remember
35、ing bad habits, instead of good ones.(正確。大部分小孩看來都比較容易記得壞的,而不是好。)六、詞性理解錯誤a.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一定要加限定詞;對不可數(shù)名詞則無此約束。例:Computer is a machine for collecting, prosing and presenting information.(錯誤。computer 是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且在此處表示一類,故要加不定冠詞。)A computer is a machine for collecting, prosing and presenting informati
36、on.(正確。電腦是用來收集、處理和發(fā)布信息的機(jī)器。)2. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(例如 a few, few, a variety of, various, other,numerous, a number of, different, one of, many 等)。例:Smokingobesity.sation is one of the likely factort contribute to the development of(錯誤。one of 后面要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。)Smokingobesity.sation is one of the likely factorst
37、 contribute to the development of(正確。停止抽煙是可能導(dǎo)致肥胖癥的一個。)3. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(例如 anyeither)。other, another, each, neither,例:Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to pe(錯誤。any other 后不可以跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。)Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to perere but not for any other reasons.rere but not for any other r
38、eason.(正確。很多十幾歲的年輕人出于同伴的壓力而開始抽煙,而不是因為其他原因。)4. 有一些詞或者短語后面要加不可數(shù)名詞(例如 a little, little, much 等)。例:Little progressese been made towards tackling poverty.(錯誤。little 后不能加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。)Little progress has been made towards tackling poverty.(正確。在解決貧困問題上,目前的進(jìn)展甚微。)5. 當(dāng)主語被 some/any, a proportion of, a majority of 等修
39、飾的時候,謂語的數(shù)要與主語的數(shù)保持一致。例:In most developed countries a high proportion of the population now enters highereducation at some timeheir lives.(錯誤。在這里 population 是“人們”的意思,為復(fù)數(shù)含義,故謂語動詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。)In most developed countries a high proportion of the population now enter highereducation at some timeheir lives.(正確。在
40、大部分的發(fā)達(dá)國家,現(xiàn)在很大比例的人都會在他們?nèi)松哪硞€階段開始接受高等教育。)b.冠詞(冠詞分為不定冠詞 a 或者 an,和定冠詞 the)1. 有一些形容詞前面常加定冠詞(比如only, very“恰好”,same 等)。例:People with same experienhould be paid same.(錯誤。same 前要加 the。)People with the same experienhould be paid the same.(正確。經(jīng)驗相同的人工資應(yīng)該相同。)2. 序數(shù)詞和形容詞例 1:Tourism hastwentieth century.前要加定冠詞。e th
41、e top earner of foreign currency for many countries since late(錯誤。twentieth 這個序數(shù)詞前要用 the。)Tourism hase the top earner of foreign currency for many countries since thelate twentieth century.(正確。從 20 世紀(jì)后期開始,旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)成為很多國家賺取外匯的首要例 2:The cigarette is most common method of smoking tobacco.。)(錯誤。most common
42、為,之前應(yīng)加 the。)The cigarette is the most common method of smoking tobacco.(正確。紙煙是吸食煙草的最普遍方式。)3. unique, university, union, European 等詞的第一音節(jié)為輔音ju:,不定冠詞應(yīng)該用 a;而 hour 和 honour 等單詞的第一個音節(jié)為元音,因此不定冠詞要用an。例:An university is an institution where students study for degrees.(錯誤。university 前不能加an。)A university is a
43、n institution where students study for degrees.(正確。大學(xué)是學(xué)生通過學(xué)習(xí)獲得學(xué)位的地方。)c.介詞1. 介詞后不能跟句子,注意其與連詞的區(qū)別。比較容易被誤用為連詞的介詞或者介詞短語有 despite, in spite of, during, because of 等。例:Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite they effects.(錯誤。despite 是介詞,后不能直接跟句子。)e knowledge of ill healthMany smokers are unwill
44、ing to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects.(正確。很多抽煙者不愿意停止抽煙,盡管他們知道這有害健康。)2. to 在句子中可能是介詞(需要加名詞或者具備名詞性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容),也可能是動詞不定式符號。要根據(jù)具體情況注意區(qū)分。譬如說,在 contribute to, lead to, pay attention to, give rise to 等詞組中,to 都是介詞。例:Public disorder can lead to damage a countrys economy.(錯誤。to 在這里作介詞,后
45、面不能跟動詞。)Public disorder can lead to a countrys economic crisis.(正確。社會的無秩序狀態(tài)可能導(dǎo)致一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。)3. 有一些詞既可以作介詞也可以作連詞(跟句子),比如 for, since, after, before 等。例:Traditional buildings are desired sometimes, for the simple reason ist they are ofcommerl and cultural values.(錯誤。for 在這里是介詞,不是連詞,后面不能加句子。)Traditional bui
46、ldings are desired sometimes, for the simple reasont they are ofcommerl and cultural values.(正確。傳統(tǒng)的建筑有時候是受人喜愛的,因為一個簡單的原因它們有經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化價值。)4. 有些介詞的用法是固定的,對于這種情況,考生必須牢記。例:Most children do not feel it nesary to conform with rules.(錯誤。confirm 一般和 to 連用。)Most children do not feel it nesary to conform to rules.
47、(正確。大部分小孩不覺得有遵守規(guī)則的必要。)d.動詞和非謂語動詞1. 不定式短語可以作后置定語修飾一個名詞或者代詞,常和這個名詞或者代詞在邏輯上形成動賓關(guān)系,此時如果不定式短語中的動詞是不及物動詞,需加上相應(yīng)的介詞。例:The rise of single parenthood is difficult for any society to deal.(錯誤。to deal 修飾 the rise of single parenthood,和后者形成動賓關(guān)系必須加介詞 with。)The rise of single parenthood is difficult for any societ
48、y to deal with.(正確。單身父母的增多對于任何社會來說都是難以解決的問題。)2. 有些動詞加不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,如want, expect, encourage, advise, persuade,cause, urge, force 等。例:The aim of thisn is to encourage young peope responsible for their driving.(錯誤。encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配,原句缺不定式符號 to。)The aim of thisdriving.n is to encourage youn
49、g people to be responsible for their(正確。這個活動的目標(biāo)是鼓勵年輕人對他們的駕駛負(fù)責(zé)。)e.代詞代詞的指代錯誤主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞例:Asking for advice from your family is betterning a problem ourselves.(錯誤。前面是 your family,后面是 ourselves,不對應(yīng)。)Asking for advice from your family is betterning a problem yourself.(正確。征求你家人的意見比你自己解決問題要好。)f.分詞(
50、分詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì))1. 分詞有時候放在名詞后作定語,可以看作是定語從句的作用。2. 分詞常可以放在句首或者句末充當(dāng)狀語。這個時候,要注意分詞表示的必須是主語的一個動作或者狀態(tài)。例:The learning industry is booming, driving by competition, the demand for skilled workers,the growth of media and information technologies and the ra all career fields.(錯誤。主語是 learning industry,應(yīng)該是被后面一系列因此用 dr
51、iven 而不是 driving。)pace of developments in所驅(qū)使,是含義,The learning industry is booming, driven by competition, the demand for skilled workers,the growth of media and information technologies and the raall career fields.pace of developments in(正確。受到競爭、對技術(shù)工作者的需求、和信息科技的發(fā)展以及所有工作領(lǐng)域快速發(fā)展的推動,知識行業(yè)正在蓬勃發(fā)展。)g.動名詞和不定
52、式動名詞和不定式的一個常見區(qū)別是:動名詞常表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì),描述抽象的、經(jīng)常性的、已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情;而不定式常表示的是目的、原因,描述具體的、要發(fā)生的事情。但具體的區(qū)別需要根據(jù)具體情況而定。的、將例:The main role of a teacher is teaching the students the knowledge accumulated over centuries of human experience.(錯誤。不應(yīng)該用動名詞,此處表語 teaching 要表達(dá)的是目的,因此應(yīng)該用不定式。) The main role of a teacher is to teach the s
53、tudents the knowledge accumulated over centuries of human experience.(正確。老師的主要角色是將人類幾百年經(jīng)驗所累積起來的知識教授給學(xué)生。)h.形容詞和副詞1. 副詞可以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞和全句;形容詞只可以用來描寫或修飾名詞和代詞。例:There are not easy answers to the problems facing this country.Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemthe
54、irtheirs(錯誤。not 是副詞,不能修飾名詞 answers,應(yīng)該用具備形容詞性質(zhì)的 no,等于 not any、not one 或者 not a。)There are no easy answers to the problems facing this country.(正確。解決這個國家的問題沒有什么簡單的。)2. 雙音節(jié)的形容詞或者副詞應(yīng)該加 er,應(yīng)該加 est。對于這類詞的和節(jié)詞。要加以特別注意,很多考生經(jīng)常將 strong, young, healthy 這些詞誤以為是三音例:In extreme circumstan(錯誤。strong 的In extreme circ
55、umstan, women appear to be more strong應(yīng)該是 stronger。)n expected., women appear to be strongern expected.(正確。在的情形下,女性看起來要比預(yù)想的強(qiáng)大。)3. 副詞在句子中作狀語,形容詞作表語。例:Young drivers are moresibly toe accidentsn old drivers.(錯誤。sibly 是副詞,不能作表語。)Young drivers are more likely toe accidents容易出n old drivers.(正確。年輕的比年長的。)i.
56、連詞1. 句子中的并列成分要用并列連詞連接。例:An immigrant to a new country is normally unemployed, homeless, friendless.(錯誤。unemployed, homeless 和 friendless 是并列表語,缺少并列連詞。)An immigrant to a new country is normally unemployed, homeless or friendless.(正確。一個新一般都是待業(yè)的、沒有固定住所或者沒有朋友的。)2. 從屬連詞(because, although,例:Because it is
57、not serious.t 等等)一定要連接兩個句子。(錯誤。從屬連詞 because 連接的僅僅是一個從句,缺少主句。)Because it is not serious, many countries do not take any real countermeasures.(正確。因為情況不是很嚴(yán)重,所以很多國家沒有采取任何實質(zhì)性的對策。)3. 疑問詞who, what, which, where, how 和when 后直接加不定式可一種特殊的不定式短語,它在句子中可以用作主語、賓語、表語等。例:We do not know what do next, as wee never see
58、n anything like it.(錯誤。what 后加不定式才可賓語。)We do not know what to do next, as wee never seen anything like it.(正確。不知道下一步做什么,因為從來沒有見過這種情形。)4. however, therefore, otherwise, thus, hence 等副詞常被誤認(rèn)為是連詞,這些詞是不可以連接句子的。例:Today, many young people prefer to eat fast food such as fried chicken, or pizza in fastfood
59、restaurants, therefore, young peoplee a greater risk of overweight.(錯誤。therefore 是副詞,不能連接兩個句子。)Today, many young people prefer to eat fast food such as fried chicken, or pizza in fastfood restaurants; therefore, young peoplee a greater risk of overweight.(正確。很多年輕人都喜歡在快餐店吃炸雞或者比薩餅;因此,年輕人得肥胖癥的機(jī)會更高。)七、單
60、詞使用錯誤因為各種原因,很多同學(xué)對單詞的理解有誤,因此在寫作過程中錯用單詞。常見的例子是 instead of,很多同學(xué)以為這是“代替”的意思,而 instead of 不是動詞,是介詞。這樣的例子還有很多,在這里不贅述。例 1:Tourism has instead of agriculture as the main industryany pla.(錯誤。instead of 是介詞詞組,不能充當(dāng)謂語動詞。)Tourism has replaced agriculture as the main industryany pla.(正確。在很多地方旅游業(yè)己經(jīng)代替農(nóng)業(yè)成為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。)例 2:
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