高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解及練習(xí)含答案

1、-PAGE . z虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第一節(jié) 語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：述語(yǔ)氣Indicative Mood，祈使語(yǔ)氣(Imperative Mood)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣Subjunctive Mood。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式有的還借助句法形式來(lái)表示。第二節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜想、疑心等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。第三節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞be用were)The pl

2、atform would collapse if all of you stood on it.假設(shè)你們都站在上面，這個(gè)平臺(tái)就會(huì)塌下來(lái)的。主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞原形如果魯迅還活著，看到新中國(guó)的偉大成就他會(huì)多么快樂(lè)?。∨c過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had +過(guò)去分詞If the doctor had been available,the child would have been saved. 如果有醫(yī)生在，這個(gè)小孩就會(huì)得救了。主語(yǔ)should, would, might, couldhave done如果颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在白天，死亡的人數(shù)會(huì)更多。與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)1、I

3、f+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were togo to the moon some day. 如果有一天我登上了月球，就能親眼目睹月球的外表是什么樣子了。主語(yǔ)should, would might, could動(dòng)詞原形如果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。NOTE：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出

4、相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了在條件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.第四節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中A.在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that

5、中，表示*事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should可以省略例如： Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。這類(lèi)的形容詞還有advisable可取的，appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)模琧ompulsary必須的，crucial關(guān)鍵的，desirable理想的，essential必要的，imperative迫切的，important(重要的)，possible可能的，preferable更好的，probable可能的，strange

6、奇怪的，urgent急迫的，vital極為重要的等。B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型，表示愿望，建議，請(qǐng)求等主觀意愿等。It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that.句型中從句也常用(

7、should )+動(dòng)詞原型,表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，抱歉，疑心，驚奇等。 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于賓語(yǔ)從句用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示暗示、說(shuō)明講時(shí)，insist 表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用述語(yǔ)氣。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blac

8、kboard after class.教師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的表情說(shuō)明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.他堅(jiān)持要求我們大家想盡方法按時(shí)去那里。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)三、用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句在suggestion / proposal / ord

9、er / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用should動(dòng)詞原形should可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建議是你要盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.每個(gè)人都承受由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金這議

10、。第五節(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略Its high time we went to the laboratory. 該是我們?nèi)?shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候了。2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感慨句要是該有多好啊；但愿)；2.1 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的愿望。用過(guò)去時(shí)或would/could+動(dòng)詞原形表示；If only you listened to us!要是你聽(tīng)我們的話該多好啊！2.2 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：If only I had listened to

11、 the doctors advice! 我要是聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話就好了。3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 從句 也常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示寧愿、但愿之意。這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示的不是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而是一種尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望3.1 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況：在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：I would rather you left today.我寧愿你今天走。I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。I would prefer he

12、didnt stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在這兒待得太久。3.2 表示過(guò)去的情況，在上述詞后+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：I would rather I hadnt seen that film yesterday.我寧愿昨天沒(méi)有看那場(chǎng)電影。4. as if ( as though) 看起來(lái)even if ( even though)即使常用虛擬形式，其構(gòu)成形式與wish后賓語(yǔ)從句里的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成形式一樣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句意上判斷，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式 (had done)，would/could +動(dòng)詞原形。例如：The football fa

13、ns of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷們經(jīng)常就像瘋了似的。act與were發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there發(fā)生在talkes之前)他常常談起倫敦，就好似他去過(guò)那里似的。She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 發(fā)生)她常常講起來(lái)沒(méi)完沒(méi)了。5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在in order that,so tha

14、t,in case，lest，for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用may(might)動(dòng)詞原形或should動(dòng)詞原形。在以lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形。例如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should

15、) catch cold.他把外套給孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。6.wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中， 一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí) (表示與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在或先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞存在的與事實(shí)相反的愿望)I wish I were a bird. were 與wish 發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間平面上表過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí) 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生或存在，(that)+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表將來(lái)would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

16、詞發(fā)生或存在I wish that the rain could stop soon.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studiedB. had been studyingC. studyD. had studied2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finis

17、hed.A. had lostB. would loseC. would have lostD. should have lost3. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.A. must be sentB. are senC. will be sentD. be sent4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly.A. has made sureB. must

18、 make sureC. made sureD. make sure5. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. be sentC. would be sentD. were sent6. Its necessary _ the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnC. that he returnedD. that he has to return7. It is im

19、portant that enough money _ to fund the project.A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected8. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no e*perience.A. is assignedB. be assignedC. will be assigned D. has been assigned9. The suggestion that the mayor

20、_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would presentB. presentC. ought to presentD. presents10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put offB. should put offC. was put offD. is to put off11. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldnt have been followin

21、gB. mustnt followC. couldnt have been followingD. shouldnt follow12. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.A. does not workB. had not workedC. not to workD. did not work 13. Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed earlyA. goB. would goC. wentD. goes14. Id rather you _ make any co

22、mment on the issue for the time being.A. dontB. didntC. wouldntD. shouldnt15. Mikes uncle insists _ in this hotel.A. staying notB. that he would not stayC. not to stayD. that he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense.A. had been ta

23、kenB. be takenC. would be takenD. to be taken17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud musicB. dont play loud musicC. shouldnt play loud musicD. couldnt paly load music18. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. in

24、formB. informsC. informedD. has informed19. He suggested _ to tomorrows e*hibition together.A. us to goB. we shall goC. we wentD. we go20. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.A. be livingB. would liveC. were livingD. would have lived21. I wish I _ longer this morning, but

25、I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. might have sleptC. sleptD. have slept22. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. had gotC. were to getD. could have got23. If the whol

26、e operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not plannedB. had not been plannedC. has not been plannedD. were not planned24. Had he worked harder, he _ the e*ams.A. must have got throughB. would get throughC. would have got throughD. could get through25. _ bef

27、ore we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Were they arrivingC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive26. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. Were she to leaveC. If she leavesD. If she had left27. _ for my illness

28、I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been28. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Werent itC. It were notD. Had not it been29. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.A. isntB. weren

29、tC. wasntD. hadnt been30. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smilingB. wont smileC. couldnt have smiledD. didnt smile31. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephonedB. would telephoneC. must have telephonedD. had t

30、elephoned32. He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A. would have been hereB. should be hereC. had to be hereD. would be here33. Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must make B. should have madeC. would make D. c

31、ould have made34. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A. injureB. injuredC. had injuredD. would injure36. You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you

32、 are not the most important person in the world, Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. realizeC. have realizedD. should realize37. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _ A. we are going homeB. we went homeC. we go homeD. we can go home38. If only the committee _ the regulat

33、ions and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. can approveC. will approveD. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed40. Im sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it.A. if onl

34、yB. in caseC. untilD. unless虛擬語(yǔ)氣歷年高考題1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 )A. have had B. had had C. have D. had2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. 2012 A. was B. had been C. should be D. wou

35、ld be3. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me 2012 A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. 2012 A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited5. Gr

36、ace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012 )A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.2009 A. would not w

37、in B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.2008 A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 2006 A.

38、 Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be9. Do you mind if I open the window _ I feel a bit cold. 2004 A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead. D. Why not10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Meli

39、nda Co* Library in my hometown. 2002 A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall11. What would have happened _, as far as the riverbank 2001 A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther12. He hesitated for a mo

40、ment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. 2001 春A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored13. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now. 2000 A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie14. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the

41、earth at night _ , too cold for us to live. 1997 A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly15. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. 1996 A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wo

42、uldnt have got16. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 1995 A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not17. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical e*amination. 1994 A. be; should have B. was; h

43、ave C. should be; had D. was; has18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. 1994 全國(guó)A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 1994 A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will20. The tw

44、o strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. (1993 )A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been 21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. (2008 全國(guó))Arained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining22. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd neve

45、r have been able to afford to go. (2007 )A. had got B. got C. have got D. get23. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (2005 )A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

46、24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .(2010 )Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved25. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津)A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told26. The weather h

47、as been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. 2010 A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnthave died27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture. 2010 A .focus B.

48、 focused C. would focus D. had focused28. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. 2010A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 29. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (2011 34) A. attended B. ha

49、d attended C. would attend D. would have attended30. Where are the children The dinners going to be completely ruined I wish they _ always late(2011，28) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been答案與解析1. D譯文：杰克寧愿在大學(xué)學(xué)的是商務(wù)而不是歷史。本句是wish 后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在wish 后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)造。其主要形式有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情

50、況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞；表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish +主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形。2. C譯文：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的相關(guān)計(jì)算，如果由人工操作的話，到計(jì)算完成時(shí)早已失去其實(shí)用價(jià)值。本句是條件句中與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)造的用法。由省略if 的從句(had they been done by hand)中的時(shí)態(tài)可知，C為正確答案。3. D譯文：這些申請(qǐng)表盡快寄出是極其必要的。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。在It is important/necessary/ that-clause 構(gòu)造中，that 從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬

51、語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。這一構(gòu)造是否用虛擬語(yǔ)氣取決于主句It is important/ that 中的形容詞如本句中的important 。4. D譯文：旅館接待員必須確保旅客登記正確，這點(diǎn)是很重要的。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。5. B譯文：申請(qǐng)表務(wù)必在截止日期之前寄回。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。6. B譯文：他必須馬上歸還字典。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。7. A譯文：重要的是募集足夠的錢(qián)，為這個(gè)工程提供資金。本句涉及主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。8. B譯文：湯姆缺乏經(jīng)歷，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不適宜的。本句涉及復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使

52、用。在以it 為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。這一構(gòu)造中的虛擬用法主要取決于作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞 advisable。9. B譯文：大家都承受了讓市長(zhǎng)發(fā)獎(jiǎng)的建議。本句涉及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。英語(yǔ)中在表示命令、建議、勸告、愿望、要求等詞后所接的同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。常用的這類(lèi)詞有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名詞。10. A譯文：我們都支持你提出的推遲討論的建議。本句涉

53、及同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。11. A譯文：你本不該跟他跟得這么緊；你本該保持一定距離的。本句涉及暗含虛擬句。should/ought not+ have+ 過(guò)去分詞表示本不應(yīng)該做*事，但卻做了，含有*種責(zé)備的口氣。should/ought to+have+過(guò)去分詞表示本應(yīng)該做*事，卻未做。例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該上周就該歸還這本書(shū)。但上周并未還12. D譯文：經(jīng)理寧愿他女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室上班。本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just

54、 as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的從句中，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望，意為寧愿、但愿。其形式為： would rather ( would sooner 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況。 would rather ( would sooner 主語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況。13. C譯文：你為何不讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)？本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。14. B譯文：我倒是希望你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題先別發(fā)表什么看法。本句涉及賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。英語(yǔ)中在would rather, would sooner, would just as s

55、oon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的從句中，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望，意為寧愿、但愿。15. D麥克的叔叔堅(jiān)持他不留在旅館里。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。動(dòng)詞insist 后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為should+動(dòng)詞原形should 常省略。常這樣用的詞有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest 等。16. B譯文：我作為武裝部隊(duì)的總司令命令采取一切措施進(jìn)展防御。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。17. C譯文：旅館的經(jīng)理懇請(qǐng)

56、客人晚上11點(diǎn)后，音樂(lè)聲不要放得太響。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。18. A譯文：我們要求導(dǎo)游立刻告訴我們方案有什么變動(dòng)。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。19. D譯文：他建議我們一塊去看明天的展覽。本句涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。20. C譯文：我有時(shí)希望自己生活在另一個(gè)時(shí)代和另一個(gè)地方。本句涉及動(dòng)詞wish后所接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。在wish 后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)造。其主要形式有三種：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞；表示對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish+主語(yǔ)+would+動(dòng)詞原形。21. A譯文

57、：我真希望今天早上能多睡一會(huì)兒，可我不得不起床去上課。本句涉及動(dòng)詞wish后所接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。22. C譯文：瓊不想馬上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能馬上探訪朋友了。本句涉及if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were to +動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should (第一人稱(chēng)), would (第二、三人稱(chēng))+動(dòng)詞原形。23. B譯文：要是整個(gè)手術(shù)當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有預(yù)先方案好的話，大量的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間就白花了。本句涉及if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句中，從句

58、中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should 或would +have+過(guò)去分詞。24. C譯文：他當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)努力的話，這次考試就通過(guò)了。本句涉及省略if 的虛擬條件句。在正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將were, had, should 等助動(dòng)詞(不包括行為動(dòng)詞)提到主語(yǔ)前面，用倒裝構(gòu)造。如果句中沒(méi)有were, had 或should 時(shí)，既不能省略if，也不能倒裝。答案：25. D譯文：我們后天走，要是他們?cè)谶@之前到達(dá)，我們就可以痛痛快快地撮一頓。本句涉及省略if 的虛擬條件句。26. B譯文：她要是現(xiàn)在就走的話，星期天就到那兒了。本句涉及if引導(dǎo)的虛擬

59、條件句，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were to +動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should 第一人稱(chēng), would 第二、三人稱(chēng)+動(dòng)詞原形。如從句中省去if ，主謂要用倒裝構(gòu)造。27. C譯文：我當(dāng)時(shí)要是沒(méi)生病的話，就幫他了。本句涉及省略if的虛擬條件句。虛擬語(yǔ)氣也常用于If it were (had been) not for 句型中，意為要不是 。If it were not for 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。從本句的主句來(lái)判斷，這是一句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，If it had not been for 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相一致。在正式文體中，有時(shí)可把虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將were, had, should 等助動(dòng)詞不包括行為動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前面，用倒裝構(gòu)造。如果句中沒(méi)有were, had 或should 時(shí)，既不能省略if,也不能倒裝。28. A譯文：要不是你偷懶，你現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成任務(wù)了。本句涉及省略if 的虛擬條件句。虛擬語(yǔ)氣也常用于If it were (had been) not for 句型中，意為要不是 。If it had not been for 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從本句的主句來(lái)判斷，