外語學(xué)習(xí)寫作講座系列PPT教案

1、外語學(xué)習(xí)寫作講座系列外語學(xué)習(xí)寫作講座系列3 評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 2分- 條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤,但多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤； 5分- 基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤； 8分- 基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不過清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤； 11分- 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤； 14分- 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好?；旧蠠o語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤。第1頁/共230頁例如： 1） 有人認(rèn)為機(jī)會是極少的 2） 有人認(rèn)為機(jī)會人人都有 3） 我的看法Sample 1 As to the opportun

2、ity, there is two different opinions: first, someone think the opportunity is little in their life. Secondly, someone consider that opportunity is existing everywhere everybody has some kinds of chance. According to my life experiment and第2頁/共230頁knowledge I agree with the second idea. There is chan

3、ce for everyone in some unexpected case. But if you has no preparing for it, the opportunity will lose. Those who have many preparation and much knowledge, and some good virtue, may I quip the opportunity firmly. For example, two man are appealing for a job in a company, and there is only one vacant

4、 job for the only one of the two man. How, the two man has an opportunity to get the第3頁/共230頁Job but the boss certainly would accept the good one.So I think the opportunity is existing to every one, but more opportunity is belongs to who has knowledge, experience, encourage and confident. 該篇文章條理不清，思

5、想紊亂，語言支離破碎，幾乎沒有正確的句子，得2分。第4頁/共230頁Sample 2 Some one thinks that the opportunity is very few for him because he has never meet the chance. But other one thinks there are chances here and there, then everyone can meet opportunity. I resist the second opinion. There to are some opportunities, the impor

6、tant thing is that if we could catch the chance when we meet it. In our lives we have a lot of choice that need us take our heart to.第5頁/共230頁For example, when I was a little boy, my health was very bad. One day a teacher advise me to join the basketball with my friends. My health become well. So I

7、think there are opportunities for everyone. 該篇文章基本切題，但思想表達(dá)不清楚，有很多嚴(yán)重的語言錯誤，屬于5分檔。 第6頁/共230頁Sample 3 Some people think that they lack of opportunities, while others think that everyone will face to some ones. I agree to the latter. In fact, we are living on the same world. Most of us must deal with a l

8、ot of things every day. Some peoples circumstances are even the same, so do the opportunities. However, why someone can grasp it but others cannot? All this第7頁/共230頁depends on the careful observation and grasping the opportunity in time. For instance, we students in our college, whose circumstance a

9、re the same. We all should study a lot of courses before we graduate. But some of us study hard in order to learn more and well, while some dont. In the end, the hard-working students get the better jobs. At that time, there are some students who have been playing all the time will say 第8頁/共230頁that

10、 they lack of opportunities. As we know that the hard-working students make the best use of their time and they observe everything around them carefully, so that they can grasp the opportunities in time. In a word, the opportunity is equal to everyday, and whether we can grasp it or not is critical.

11、 該篇文章基本切題，有些地方表達(dá)不清，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫，但語言錯誤較多，其中有一些為嚴(yán)重錯誤。屬于11分檔。第9頁/共230頁Sample 4 People have different views on opportunity. Some think that there are few opportunities for them in the world, while others hold that everybody will have some kind of chances in his or her life. As far as I am concerned, I am for

12、the latter. People who claim that they dont have good luck may be those who are not able to take chances. Maybe they fail to recognize opportunities even when they are in front of them. However, wise man wise men can第10頁/共230頁seek opportunities rather than wait for chances to appear. For example, al

13、most everybody had watched apples falling from apple trees, but only Newton discovered the Law of Gravity. In fact, no one can be denied of the access to opportunity. People may have good luck sometimes, but no one can be lucky all the time. As a saying goes, every dog has its day. So everybody can

14、have a chance to succeed. 第11頁/共230頁 So we can conclude that everybody has the opportunity to succeed, but it is up to himself to take it. 該篇文章切題，思想表達(dá)清楚，文章結(jié)構(gòu)條理，行文連貫，符合邏輯，屬于14分檔作文。 第12頁/共230頁4 行文要求 1） 切題：統(tǒng)一，無不相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容； Beethovens demand for perfection meant long and hard work. Unlike Mozart, he couldnt

15、 dash off three great symphonies in six weeks. It doesnt mean he was not as talented as Mozart. Beethovens music was different from Mozarts. Sometime he worked years on a single symphony, writing other works at the same time. He carried music第13頁/共230頁sketchbooks everywhere, jotting down new ideas,

16、revising and refining old ones. These early notes often seem crude and uninspired when compared with their final versions, which were hammered out through great labor. Beethoven was often in poverty, though he produced great music. 本段文字中紅體部分顯然與主題Beethovens demand for perfection meant long and hard w

17、ork.無關(guān)，應(yīng)該去掉。第14頁/共230頁2） 條理清楚：連貫、和諧 - 注意銜接語的使用 In their hurry to get practical preparations for a career, students often overlook the liberal arts college. Yet, there are good reasons why they should consider a liberal arts school, even if getting a job is their main concern. For one thing, learning

18、 itself may be more exciting in a liberal arts college for the its course is more flexible than that of a technical school. Thus 第15頁/共230頁students may do better in their course and earn higher grades, which will certainly make them more attractive to employers. More important, a liberal arts educat

19、ion is the most likely to develop ones ability to think, to read, and write, which business and industry are coming to value more and more. Finally, students should realize that a liberal arts education has always been a preferred path for top professions: law, medicine, government, and education.第1

20、6頁/共230頁3） 簡潔：句子要簡練； 4） 準(zhǔn)確：減少語法錯誤，符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，避免漢語式英語； 5 卷面：整潔 第17頁/共230頁B、 四六級英語寫作類型 1 體裁：說明文，議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。 說明文如：How to Succeed in a Job Interview （2000，12，四級）, How I Finance My College Education（2000，1 四級）, Practice Makes Perfect， Haste Makes Waste（97，1 六級） 議論文如：Dont Hesitate to Say N

21、O（99，1 四級和六級）, Can Money 第18頁/共230頁Buy Happiness（95，1 四級）, Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary？（2000，6 四級） Reading Selectively or Extensively? (99，6六級)，Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck? (98,6 四級和六級) 第19頁/共230頁2段落類型：比較/對比，列舉，程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴(kuò)展模式一般以比較/對照，舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如： Dont Hesitate to S

22、ay NO, Reading Selectively or Extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點(diǎn)的對比，整體的段落類型為對照型。第20頁/共230頁P(yáng)ractice Makes Perfect, Harmfulness of Fake Commodities等可采用因果行的段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式，也可以采用舉例說明的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。Advantages of a Job Interview則應(yīng)采用列舉的段落擴(kuò)展模式。 第21頁/共230頁3 出題方式：提綱式寫作，中文提綱，一般為三句或兩句； 如：99年1月分考題 Directions: For this part, you are all

23、owed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Dont Hesitate to Say NO. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 第22頁/共230頁1. 別人請求幫助時，在什么情況下我們會說“不”。 2. 為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。 3. 該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。再如：98年一月分考題 Directions: F

24、or this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your第23頁/共230頁composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象？ 2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消

25、費(fèi)者個人、社會等的危害。第24頁/共230頁II. 寫作要領(lǐng)短文寫作應(yīng)能：1) 做到語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)；2) 遵循文章的特定文體格式；3) 合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫；4) 根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當(dāng)選用語言?？忌鷳?yīng)根據(jù)提示信息寫出不少于120詞的短文。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等。 第25頁/共230頁A.短文的結(jié)構(gòu)第26頁/共230頁B. 段落的結(jié)構(gòu)第27頁/共230頁C. 段落寫作方法第28頁/共230頁第29頁/共230頁第30頁/共230頁第31頁/共230頁第32頁/共230頁第33頁/共230頁第34頁/共230頁第35頁/共230

26、頁第36頁/共230頁第37頁/共230頁D. 實(shí)現(xiàn)連貫性的方法第38頁/共230頁第39頁/共230頁第40頁/共230頁第41頁/共230頁第42頁/共230頁第43頁/共230頁第44頁/共230頁第45頁/共230頁第46頁/共230頁第47頁/共230頁第48頁/共230頁第49頁/共230頁第50頁/共230頁第51頁/共230頁III. 議論文寫作技巧第52頁/共230頁III. 議論文寫作技巧第53頁/共230頁Changes in the Private and Public Housing0 01010202030304040505060607070808090901980

27、19801990199020002000私房私房公房公房第54頁/共230頁寫作模式（圖表作文） 1) As can be seen from the graph / table, there have been sharp changes in housing over the past 20 years. 2) To be concrete, the private housing only made up 10 percent of all the housing in 1980 while this ratio rose up to 65 in 2000. 3) These chang

28、es are encouraging, but the causes for them are not hard to find out. ( Para. I ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第55頁/共230頁 4）In the first place, the development of our economy has made great differences to (原因I) 5) With a steady increase in , more and more people can well afford to (進(jìn)一步闡述) 6) In the second, pe

29、oples desire for has become stronger and stronger. (原因II) 7) When they are no longer , people have every reason to (進(jìn)一步闡述) 8) In the third, the move to in terms of has served as a good incentive for (原因III) 9) As a result of this, (進(jìn)一步闡述) ( Para. II ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第56頁/共230頁 10）The list of cau

30、ses could go on, but they are already sufficient enough to indicate that their effects on our society as well as on individuals are positive and profound. 11) These changes not only but also 12) With more and more improvement in , I firmly believe, this trend will ( Para. III ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第5

31、7頁/共230頁Changes in Peoples Housing 1) As can be seen from the graph, there have been great changes in housing over the past 20 years. 2) To be concrete, the private housing only made up 10 percent of all the housing in 1980 while this ratio rose up to 65 in 2000. 3) These changes are encouraging, bu

32、t the causes for them are not hard to find. ( Para. I ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第58頁/共230頁 4）In the first place, the development of our economy has made great differences to peoples living conditions. 5) With a steady increase in their income, more and more people can well afford to buy houses of their o

33、wn. 6) In the second, peoples desire for bettering their life has become stronger and stronger. 7) When they are no longer anxious about how to 下一頁上一頁第59頁/共230頁ease their hunger, people have every reason to focus their money on housing. 8) In the third, the move to provide housing in terms of money

34、has served as a good incentive for the further development of our economy. 9) As a result of this, our housing industry and other associate industries have got into a virtuous cycle. ( Para. II ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第60頁/共230頁 10）The list of causes could go on, but they are already sufficient enough

35、to indicate that their effects on our society as well as on individuals are positive and profound. 11) These changes have not only created a good climate for sustainable development of economy but also pushed people to change their life for the better. 12) With more and more improvement in housing p

36、olicies, I firmly believe, this trend will bring a better look to our society. ( Para. III ) (注：劃線部分可被替換) 下一頁上一頁第61頁/共230頁Changes in the Age Distribution of Drug Addicts0 01010202030304040505060607070808090901982198220022002青少年吸毒青少年吸毒者者成年吸毒者成年吸毒者第62頁/共230頁 1) As can be seen from the graph, there hav

37、e been sharp changes in the age distribution of drug addicts. 2) To be concrete, the teenage addicts only made up 10 percent of all the drugsters in 1982 while the ratio rose up to 65 in 2002. 3) These changes are most distressing, but the causes are not hard to find out. Reference model: Changes in

38、 the Age Distribution of Drug Addicts下一頁上一頁第63頁/共230頁 4) In the first place, the development of market-based economy has made great differences to peoples concept of money. 5) With a sudden and fat profit made in drug deals, more and more people, including teenagers, get involved in such dirty busin

39、ess. 6) In the second, teenagers desire for adventure has become stronger and stronger. 7) When they are no longer confined within 下一頁上一頁第64頁/共230頁their parents supervision, they have every reason to run any risk, including drug-taking; but once caught in the trap, they find it impossible to lift th

40、emselves out of it. 8) In the third, the move to publicize the harmfulness of drugs is far from perfect. 9) As a result of this, many teenagers have been too ignorant of drugs to keep themselves free from the lure of the drug traffickers. 上一頁第65頁/共230頁 10) The list of causes could go on, but they ar

41、e already enough to indicate that the effects of the changes on our society are negative and profound. 11) These changes have not only formed a great threat to the stability of our society but also suggested that we will have a longer way to cover to keep our children away from drugs. 12) With not e

42、nough improvement made in this problem, I am afraid, this trend will bring greater disasters to our society.上一頁第66頁/共230頁第67頁/共230頁第68頁/共230頁第69頁/共230頁第70頁/共230頁第71頁/共230頁第72頁/共230頁第73頁/共230頁第74頁/共230頁第75頁/共230頁第76頁/共230頁第77頁/共230頁第78頁/共230頁第79頁/共230頁第80頁/共230頁第81頁/共230頁III. 議論文寫作技巧第82頁/共230頁My Way

43、of Seeing Something1. 人們從不同的角度看待某一事物2. 我的看法是(說明理由)(理由陳述類)寫作模式參考范文第83頁/共230頁（劃線部分可替換）下一頁寫作模式（理由陳述類） 1) Something may be many things to many people. 2) Some may see it as while others may view it as (人們的看法舉例) 3) As far as I am concerned, however, I would prefer to (我的看法) (Para.I) Back第84頁/共230頁（劃線部分可替

44、換）下一頁上一頁 4) My insight into sth.(My outlook on sth. / My understanding of sth.) is bound up with three major factors. 5) Primarily, sth. is so that (理由I) 6) (進(jìn)一步闡述) 7) Secondly, sth. is also (理由II) 8) . (進(jìn)一步闡述) 9) And most of all, (理由III) 10) (進(jìn)一步闡述) (Para.II) Back第85頁/共230頁（劃線部分可替換）下一頁上一頁 11) I hav

45、e (not) much freedom / option in this matter, but I have never found any other way of seeing sth. more reasonable and acceptable than mine. 12) Thus, I will leave no stone unturned during the course of in order to pave the way for . (Para. III) Back第86頁/共230頁 Reference model: My Way of Seeing Life 1

46、. 人們從不同的角度看待人生 2. 我所推崇的看法是(說明理由)下一頁上一頁Back第87頁/共230頁 My Way of Seeing Life下一頁上一頁 1) Life may be many things to many people. 2) Some may see it as building up as much material wealth as possible while others may view it as enjoying to the fullest the pleasures each day offers. 3) As far as I am conce

47、rned, however, I would prefer to value it as my sole chance to enrich myself with knowledge first, then to serve the society with all my heart, and finally to leave the world without any regrets. Back第88頁/共230頁上一頁下一頁 4) My outlook on life is bound up with three major factors. 5) Primarily, life is s

48、o wondrous that I am eager to explore it. 6) Set your heart on a mystery and you can find something new; attach more of your mind to a challenge and you can get a sense of success, all of which, however, depends on how much knowledge you have equipped yourself with first. 7) Secondly, life is also s

49、hort to any Back第89頁/共230頁上一頁下一頁individual like me. 8) The flower you have just kissed for the first time is now fading away while the love from others you have come to cherish more is already on the wane. 9) And most of all, both wondrousness and shortness of life push me to seize every golden minu

50、te and every golden chance. 10) Once I idle away the time I am supposed to grasp to study or work for the people, there will be no more hope of making up for it.Back第90頁/共230頁上一頁 11) I have much option in this matter, but I have never found any other way of seeing life more reasonable and acceptable

51、 than mine. 12) Thus, I will leave no stone unturned during the course of my college studies in order to pave the way for my meaningful and colorful life. 第91頁/共230頁My Way of Doing Something(理由陳述)寫作模式參考范文第92頁/共230頁（劃線部分可替換）下一頁上一頁寫作模式（理由陳述） 1) The variety /diversity of our modern life enables people

52、to pursue different ways of doing something. 2) Some may take much interest in while others may indulge themselves in . 3) As far as I am concerned, however, I would choose doing sth. / sth. over any others. 4) The contributors to my choice can boil down to three major ones. 5）To begin with, Back第93

53、頁/共230頁（劃線部分可替換）下一頁上一頁it brings me a sense of (理由I) 6）(進(jìn)一步闡述) 7) In addition, it offers me good chances to (理由II) 8) (進(jìn)一步闡述) 9) And best of all, it helps me to (理由III) 10) (進(jìn)一步闡述) 11) Although I have (not) much freedom / option in the matter of how to do something, I never feel regret for my prefere

54、nce. 12) Instead, I will leave no stone unturned in bettering myself so as to reap more benefits from it.Back第94頁/共230頁Reference model: How I Spend My Spare Time下一頁上一頁 1. 人們度過業(yè)余時光的方式有種種 2. 我所熱衷的方式是(說明理由)Back第95頁/共230頁Reference model 1: How I Spend My Spare Time下一頁上一頁 1) The variety of our modern lif

55、e enables people to pursue different ways of spending their spare time. 2) Some may take much interest in collecting things like stamps, coins or paintings while others may indulge themselves in creative hobbies such as model-making or computer art of drawing. 3) As far as I am concerned, however, I

56、 would choose playing football over any others. 4) The contributors to my choice can boil down to three major ones. 5）To begin with, it bringsBack第96頁/共230頁me a sense of refreshment. 6) One hour of football playing after each days hard work always makes me relaxed, thus conditioning me better for ne

57、xt days studies. 7) In addition, it offers me good chances to learn from others. 8) With more and more contacts with other players, I get to know better about them and benefit a lot from their ways of seeing things. 9) And best of all, it helps me to cultivate the team spirit. 10) A backward look at

58、 our previous games finds that any of our victories results from a better上一頁下一頁Back第97頁/共230頁cooperation between our team players than that among the rivals. 11) Although I have much option in the matter of how to spending ones spare time, I never feel regret for my preference. 12) Instead, I will l

59、eave no stone unturned in bettering myself so as to reap more benefits from it.上一頁下一頁Back第98頁/共230頁 1) The variety of modern life enables people to pursue different hobbies in their free time. 2) For example, some get joy from reading while others show more and more interest in getting together. 3)

60、As far as I am concerned, I would like to choose online chatting over others. 4) There are many reasons for my choice, but, on the whole, three ones stand out in my mind. 5) To begin with, it helps free me from nervousness and embarrassment. 6) Unlike Reference model 2:第99頁/共230頁the face-to-face tal