英語詞性的分類及用法講解

1、 詞類又叫詞性，英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分成十個(gè)大類。 1 名詞 noun n. student 學(xué)生 2 代詞 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容詞 adjective adj. happy 高興的 4 副詞 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5 動(dòng)詞 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 數(shù)詞 numeral num. three 三7 冠詞 article art. a 一個(gè) 8 介詞 preposition prep. at 在.9 連詞 conjunction conj. and 和 10 感嘆詞 interjection interj. oh 哦 前

2、六類叫實(shí)詞，后四類叫虛詞。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞 . 專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。(普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞)普通名詞又可分為下面四類： 1）個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun 2）集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如:family (以上兩類屬于可數(shù)名詞)3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如:air 4）抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概 念，如：work (以上兩類屬于不可

3、數(shù)名詞)名詞名詞: :1.1.經(jīng)常放在句子開頭做經(jīng)常放在句子開頭做主語主語2.2.經(jīng)常放在動(dòng)詞或介詞之后做經(jīng)常放在動(dòng)詞或介詞之后做賓語賓語特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn): :它前面經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)形容詞它前面經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)形容詞,my, your, ,my, your, his, herhis, her等物主代詞或等物主代詞或a, an, thea, an, the等之后等之后1.Thanks for your donation.2.My favorite fruit is the apple.3.Chengdu is a beautiful city. 代詞可以分為下列九類： 1. 人稱代詞： They are my sc

4、hool mates. 2. 物主代詞： Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代詞： Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代詞：We should help each other. 5. 指示代詞： Who are these people? 6. 疑問代詞：What are you doing? 7. 關(guān)系代詞：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 8. 連接代詞：Do you know who did it? 9. 不定代詞：Do y

5、ou know anything about it? 代詞是非?；钴S的詞，特別是不定代詞，比較復(fù)雜，我們要熟練掌握。 動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞的分類 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如：We have lunch at 12. 我們12點(diǎn)吃午飯。(have是行為動(dòng)詞) We have been to New York. 我們?nèi)ミ^紐約。(have是助動(dòng)詞) W I am hungry. 我餓了。(am是連系動(dòng)詞) She was beaten on the way home. (was是助動(dòng)詞)

6、 You neednt have waited for me. 你本來不必等我。(need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞) The door needs painting. 這個(gè)門需要油漆了。(needs及物動(dòng)詞) 行為動(dòng)詞的分類 及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞 根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，行為動(dòng)詞又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞(vt. ) 后面要跟賓語，不及物動(dòng)詞(vi. ) 不跟賓語。如：They study hard. (study后沒有賓語，是不及物動(dòng)詞) I know them well. (know后有賓語them，是及物動(dòng)詞) 注：有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞.如：She sings very

7、well. （sing是不及物動(dòng)詞） She sang an English song just now. (sing是及物動(dòng)詞) 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)，行為動(dòng)詞又分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: rain, live, work, learn是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，go, come, leave, start, 是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。注：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時(shí)間段連用的for短語連用。如：譯他離開這里三天了。 誤He has left here for three days. 正He has been away from here for three days. 正He

8、left here three days ago. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞：1.1.在句子做在句子做謂語謂語表動(dòng)作；表動(dòng)作；2.2.做主語或者在介詞后則加做主語或者在介詞后則加-ing;-ing;3.3.在在另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之后另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之后用用inging或或toto形式作賓語。形式作賓語。1.He likes to volunteer in his free time.2.He sells newspapers for making money.3.Getting up early is a good habit. 形容詞可分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前

9、面。 1) 直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid, alone等 . 形容詞形容詞：1.1.放在放在be,seem,sound,feel,taste,smellbe,seem,sound,feel,taste,smell等詞等詞 之后；之后；2.2.放在名詞之前做放在名詞之前做定語定

10、語1.Your kind donation is greatly appreciated.2.Good hamburgers smell good.3.Disabled people need kind help.說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。時(shí)間副詞: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, 地點(diǎn)副詞: here, there程度副詞: very, quite, rather方式副詞: beautifully, reluctantly, well頻度副詞: often , frequently, always副詞副詞: :1.1.描述

11、動(dòng)詞的情況描述動(dòng)詞的情況; ;2.2.放在另外的形容詞或者副詞前放在另外的形容詞或者副詞前. .1.Trains run more slowly than planes.1.Trains run more slowly than planes.2.Your coat looks pretty cool.2.Your coat looks pretty cool.3.We should listen to our teachers 3.We should listen to our teachers carefully in class.carefully in class.按結(jié)構(gòu)英語介詞可分為

12、按結(jié)構(gòu)英語介詞可分為3類：類： 1簡單介詞（約有70個(gè)），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2分詞介詞（約15個(gè)）如：during，following，considering，regarding，judging，talking等。 3 成語介詞 （約有500個(gè)）如：out of，apart from，because of，by means of等。按意義英語介詞可分為按意義英語介詞可分為3類：類： 1. 時(shí)間介詞， 如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地點(diǎn)介詞, 如

13、：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 3. 其它介詞，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 英語介詞不可單獨(dú)使用，后面必須跟名詞英語介詞不可單獨(dú)使用，后面必須跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞或句子構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)等動(dòng)名詞或句子構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)等. 連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。 1.并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and

14、) then等。 2. 從屬連詞經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，如：when, where, because, if, as等。 一、基數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法 二、序數(shù)詞二、序數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式： first1stsecond2ndthirty-first31st 三、數(shù)詞的用法三、數(shù)詞的用法 1）倍數(shù)表示法）倍數(shù)表示法 2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1.The 1.The seasea is is veryvery bigbig. . 2.It 2.It coverscovers three quarters of the three quarters of the earthearth. .

15、3.The sea is also 3.The sea is also veryvery deepdeep in some in some placeplace . . 4.There is one place and at that place 4.There is one place and at that place the sea is the sea is about about 11 kilometres deep. 11 kilometres deep. 5.The 5.The highesthighest mountainmountain in the worldin the

16、world is is about 9 kilometres high. about 9 kilometres high. 6.Churchill was 6.Churchill was soso pleasedpleased when he heard thiswhen he heard this. . 7.He is working 7.He is working hardhard to make his to make his dreamdream come truecome true. .8.Dont 8.Dont missmiss any any opportunityopportunity and and timetime. . 9.We will 9.We will succeedsucceed in the endin the end. . 10.We 10.We reallyreally need to need to come up withcom