TEM4語(yǔ)法精講(上)(1)

1、TEM4語(yǔ)法精講 上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)賢達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)人文學(xué)院 姚涓涓 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂主講人姚涓涓簡(jiǎn)介主講人姚涓涓簡(jiǎn)介英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言測(cè)試專(zhuān)業(yè)博士在讀，師從鄒申教授參加歷年專(zhuān)四、專(zhuān)八輔導(dǎo)，多次參與英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四、八級(jí)閱卷英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂本講座任務(wù)本講座任務(wù)了解英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱對(duì)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法的一般要求了解歷年試題語(yǔ)法考試要點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解及真題演練英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱對(duì)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法一般要求英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱對(duì)專(zhuān)四語(yǔ)法一般要求根據(jù)高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱（2000版），高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試大綱（2004年新版）規(guī)定語(yǔ)法要求

2、為：能識(shí)別詞類(lèi)；區(qū)分名詞的可數(shù)性和不可數(shù)性，可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式；基本掌握各種代詞的形式與用法，基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞，常用介詞和連詞，形容詞和副詞的句法功能；比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及基本句型；冠詞的一般用法；了解動(dòng)詞的主要種類(lèi)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及不定式和分詞的基本用法，句子種類(lèi)，基本句型和基本構(gòu)詞法；掌握主謂一致關(guān)系，各種從句，倒裝句。新考試大綱對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的測(cè)試形式規(guī)定為：多項(xiàng)選擇題，共30道題，每題有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，題目中約50%為語(yǔ)法題。英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂語(yǔ)法在歷年試題中的考試要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法在歷年試題中的考試要點(diǎn)根據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計(jì)，2001年至2010年10年的全真題中，語(yǔ)法占詞匯與語(yǔ)法部分

3、題目的44%，總共有131題。其測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是從句、非限定動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝、省略、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。詳見(jiàn)后表：年份年份代、代、名、名、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形、副、形、副、限定詞限定詞非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞虛擬語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣氣時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句從句其他語(yǔ)其他語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象法現(xiàn)象句子成分句子成分分析分析總計(jì)總計(jì)200120011 13 32 23 31 11010200220021 11 12 21 13 32 21010200320032 22 22 21 13 31 11111200420042 22 22 21 12 21 11 11111200520054 42 21 1

4、2 24 41 11 11515200620062 23 31 11 11 12 22 23 31515200720071 13 31 11 13 33 31 12 21515200820081 14 41 11 12 23 33 31515200920091 12 21 11 13 31 13 31 12 21515201020103 31 11 11 11 12 22 21 13 31515英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂年份年份代、代、名、名、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形、副、限形、副、限定詞定詞非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞虛擬語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣氣時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)從句從句其他語(yǔ)其他語(yǔ)法

5、現(xiàn)象法現(xiàn)象句子成分句子成分分析分析總計(jì)總計(jì)201120111 12 21 11 11 13 31 15 51515英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解及真題演練重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解及真題演練1.代詞、名詞及數(shù)詞2.形容詞、副詞及限定詞3.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣6. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞7. 從句8. 其他語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 1.1. 代詞、名詞及代詞、名詞及數(shù)詞數(shù)詞1.1.1 1 倍數(shù)增減的表示法倍數(shù)增減的表示法1) Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). 2) This substance _(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍

6、). 3) The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord _(想將租金提高三分之一). 5) They _(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than）v reacts three times as fast as the other one （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as）3) is 49 times the size of the moon （考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞）4) wants to raise the rent by a thi

7、rd （考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)）5) plan to double their investment （考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 2. 形容詞、副詞及限定詞形容詞、副詞及限定詞2.2.1 1 rather/ still/even/ (by) far/ yet/ hardly/ no/ a bit/ a little/ a good (great) deal/ lot/ lots/ three times 等可用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)等可用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)2.2.2 2 no+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than 如如no richer than=

8、 as poor as； morethan; as as 的用法及意思的用法及意思2.32.3有些有些more 的固定表達(dá)及意義的固定表達(dá)及意義 more than not/no/nothing more than 僅僅，只不過(guò) more than a little more or less more often than not 經(jīng)常 whats more英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂2. 42. 4限定詞（限定詞（some, any, no, other, another, every 等）等） no=not a/not any some, any, no用于可數(shù)或者不可

9、數(shù)名詞，some常用于肯定，any常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句 other/the other/ others/the others another/one after another/ one another any/some/every 與other 連用時(shí)，其后若用可數(shù)名詞，一般為單數(shù) 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 3. 3. 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)3.13.1 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)1) Be quick, _(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了). 2) When she got home, _(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了). 3) When I prepare for the college

10、entrance examination, _(我姐姐將在海邊度假). 4) I_(一上午都在修改我的簡(jiǎn)歷). 5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒(méi)有度假了). 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)）2) the children had fallen asleep （考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)）3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the

11、 seaside （考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)）4) have been revising my resume all the morning （考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考點(diǎn)：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了） It has been five years since I lived in Shanghai. It has been five years since I have lived in Shanghai.英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課

12、堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂3.23.2語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)1) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).2) The book _(到今年年底就將已出版). 3) Computer models _(可以用來(lái)演示細(xì)胞工作的方式). 1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）2) will have been published by the end of this year （考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)）3) can b

13、e used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考點(diǎn)：1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用； 2.漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞4.11）The phone is ringing, _(但是沒(méi)人接聽(tīng)。她一定不在家).2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).v Its a pity. _(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的). v _(其實(shí)我沒(méi)必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of

14、the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home （考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”）2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday （考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷）3) You should have invited her to your gradu

15、ation ceremony （考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思）4) I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party （考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞neednt + have + done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無(wú)須發(fā)生”，“不必做”）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂 5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣5.11) I wish _(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)). 2) If only _(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he w

16、ould not have killed himself.3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾). 4) Its high time that _(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問(wèn)題). 5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說(shuō)似的). 6) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考試). 7) It is ridiculous that _(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國(guó)家還缺水

17、).英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) I had had your opportunities when I was young （考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）2) he had known this disease is curable （考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法與 I wish基本相同）3) painted it blue, and without any decorations （考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí)）4) measur

18、es were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams （考點(diǎn)：Its (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式，表示“該是的時(shí)候了”）5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly（考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂6) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled （考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的

19、同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolv

20、e (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等7) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining（考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議、驚奇等。這類(lèi)形容詞

21、常見(jiàn)的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂6. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞，獨(dú)立主格，不定式）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞，獨(dú)立主格，不定式）6.11) Success means

22、 _(非常努力地工作). John meant _(開(kāi)車(chē)去那兒，但他的車(chē)出了故障). 2) I heard him _(在跟他的母親談話). I heard him _(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)). 3) He jumped into the pool to save the child _(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿). He jumped from the burning house, _(摔斷了雙腿). 4) He was happy _(看到父母很健康). _(看到父母安然無(wú)恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 5) _(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologist

23、s spotted the hungry panda. The pop, _(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans. 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) working very hard （考點(diǎn)：mean表示“意味著”） to drive there, but his car broke down （考點(diǎn)：mean表示“打算”）（類(lèi)似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等）2) talking to his mother （考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行） talk to his mother for

24、an hour （考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程）3) only to break his own leg （考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果） breaking his legs（考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果）4) to see his parents in good health （考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句末） Seeing his parents safe and sound（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首）5) Following its footprints （考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)）followed by two body guards（考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂7

25、. 從句從句7.1名詞性從句名詞性從句1) _(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret. 2) Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事). 3) This novel is just _(我一直在尋找的). 4) It is not yet known _(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有像人一樣的視力). 5) You have yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票). 6) Finally, the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事來(lái)提高他們工資).英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課

26、堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan（考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)從句）2) what can be done today（考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句）3) what I have been looking for （考點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)從句）4) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision （考點(diǎn)：whether/if引導(dǎo)后置的主語(yǔ)從句）5) whether I can count on your vote （考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）（此處whether不可

27、以替換為if）6) that the government could do nothing to raise their wages（考點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)從句）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂7.2 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句1) Every day many tourists come to visit _(魯迅出生的那棟房子). 2) The old lady died _(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天). 3) This is _(我贊成這一改革的理由). 4) Let ABC be _(一個(gè)三邊不等長(zhǎng)的三角形). 5) Some of the roads were flooded, _(這使我們

28、的旅程更為艱難). 6) _(眾所周知), water is a liquid. 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) the house where Lu Xun was born（考點(diǎn)：先行詞為地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句通常由where引導(dǎo)）2) on the day when his son arrived（考點(diǎn)：先行詞為時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句通常由when引導(dǎo)）3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform （考點(diǎn)：先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句通常由why引導(dǎo)）4) a triangle whose three sides are of un

29、equal length （考點(diǎn)：whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）5) which made our journey more difficult（考點(diǎn)：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句） 6) As is known to all（考點(diǎn)：as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂7.3 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句1) _(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings politics into the discussion. 2) We climbed high _(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景). 3) The problem is so complicated _(花了我們兩周才解決). 4)

30、 You can go out _(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)). 5) I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的). 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) Whatever we talk about （考點(diǎn)：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）2) so that we might get a better view （考點(diǎn)：目的狀語(yǔ)從句）3) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it （考點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）4) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at nig

31、ht （考點(diǎn)：條件狀語(yǔ)從句）5) as if it happened yesterday （考點(diǎn)：方式狀語(yǔ)從句）英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂8. 其他語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象及考試類(lèi)別其他語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象及考試類(lèi)別8.1 倒裝句倒裝句1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _(一陣敲門(mén)聲就把她吵醒). 2) No sooner had Anne arrived _(就生病了).3) Only then _(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí)考試在線課堂1) when a knock at the door awakened her （考點(diǎn)：Hardlywhen結(jié)構(gòu)）2) than she fell ill（考點(diǎn)：No soonerthan結(jié)構(gòu)）3) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery（考點(diǎn)：only引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)位于句首，句子倒裝）8.2強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句1) _(正是Jefferson寫(xiě)下了) the Declaration of Independence.