全國卷高考英語閱讀七選五題型分析與解題方法

1、閱讀七選五題型閱讀七選五題型分析與解題方法分析與解題方法題型解讀試題模式為：給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章，對應有七個選項，要求同學們根據文章結構、內容，選出正確的句子，填入相應的空白處。 “主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！泵}依據是英語課程標準提出的“提高學生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力”的要求。 通過對2007、2008、2009寧夏、海南卷，2009遼寧卷及2010北京、吉林、黑龍江卷的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種題型以說明文和議論文居多，這兩種文體的結構都比較清晰，過程完整，適合考查標題概括、主題句和過渡句等，以達到考查學生綜合閱讀能力的要求；而

2、記敘文相對較小，因為文中描述的情節(jié)聯(lián)系緊密，所設選項要緊扣文章的情節(jié)，少有暗示，難度稍大，題空不好設置。 能力要求 要有閱讀速度； 要對所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解； 尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點， 區(qū)分出論點和論據區(qū)分出論點和論據； 并且能夠把握文章的寫作結構和脈絡層次寫作結構和脈絡層次； 掌握英語文章常見的幾種寫作結構。 文章結構描述性結構：描述性結構：主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，對人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長過程、個性愛好、成就貢獻等內容進行描述，因此時間、地點往往是出題重點釋義性結構：釋義性結構：解釋某一理論、學科、事物，主要用例子比喻類比闡

3、述比較性結構：比較性結構：把兩個人或事物功能、特點、優(yōu)缺點進行對比原因性結構：原因性結構：這種結構主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、直接的、間接的駁斥性結構：駁斥性結構：這種結構主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點缺點、危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點 例：_39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and reci

4、pes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. 答案選項：答案選項：Try new things. 主旨概括句（文章段落整體內容）主旨概括句（文章段落整體內容）選項特點選項特點1：過渡性句子（文章結構）過渡性句子（文章結構） 例：From my experience, there are three ma

5、in reasons why people dont cook more often: ability, money and time, _36_Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule. 答案選項：Ability is easi

6、ly improved. 選項特點選項特點2：注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義） Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.

7、 74 答案選項：In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 選項特點選項特點3：解題步驟解題步驟 1) 快速閱讀全文要點詞句，包括首尾段首尾段、首首尾句尾句以及獨立成段的句子獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉折、帶轉折、因果等關系詞的句子因果等關系詞的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要內容。Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthl

8、y progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 . My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldnt feel that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer quest

9、ions in this type of settings?Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and streng

10、then key points. 72 .73 .When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.Buy timeWhen facing a hard question, most people cant give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 . Th

11、ese techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.Suggest a private meetingA one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75 .A. Show your true interest.B. Restate the question with respect.

12、C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.D. There were many difficult questions.E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F. You may also ask for clarification on the question.G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting. From my experience, there are three main reaso

13、ns why people dont cook more often: ability, money and time, _36_Money is a topic Ill save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule 解題步驟解題步驟 2) 然后再邊讀邊做邊讀邊做題，重點閱讀

14、各個問題附近的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項中尋找相關的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時可以采用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或如果一題做不出或拿不準，可先放過，繼續(xù)往下讀，拿不準，可先放過，繼續(xù)往下讀，先做容易的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點和主旨、各個段落之間的邏輯關系應基本清楚了。 Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week.

15、When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_37_ 答案選項：答案選項：A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. _39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ide

16、as and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. 答案選項：答案選項：Try new things. 解題步驟解題步驟 3) 重新閱讀相關詞句，重點做剛才沒做出的重新閱讀相關詞句，重點做剛才沒做出的題或不確定的題，題或不確定的題，此時可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同時檢查核對已

17、選出的答案，看文章從內容上是否語義連貫合理，語篇語篇結構上是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及格式以及用語用語是否恰當貼切。如果所選的答案可以滿足上述標準，則表明各個問題的答案基本正確。個人習慣：喜歡將選項填一個，劃掉一個。個人習慣：喜歡將選項填一個，劃掉一個。個人習慣做題方法個人習慣做題方法 1閱讀各個空的前后句，標記關鍵詞 在閱讀文章的開 始部分、明確文章的基本話題以后，要閱讀五個空 自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關鍵詞關鍵詞 標記下來標記下來。關鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞 （如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組），專有名詞、時間數(shù)字、 代詞、連詞等； 2比

18、較并匹配上述兩類關鍵詞，確定答案 ； 3將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來是否通順。 七選五解題的關鍵七選五解題的關鍵: 詞匯詞匯銜接銜接 邏輯邏輯銜接銜接 結構結構銜接銜接銜接手段銜接手段詞匯銜接詞匯銜接 1.代詞代詞:英語表達中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作英語表達中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。解題。例題1：The new design was well received by the recep

19、tion staff of the hotel chain. _ 正確選項句子為：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them. 例題分析：選項中的they是一個復數(shù)人數(shù)主格代詞，對應空格前句中的staff。staff是一個集合名詞（全體員工），是個復數(shù)概念。代詞中有一類叫不定代詞，常見的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many

20、, these, this等，特別要注意它們所指代的名詞概念的單復數(shù)性質，考生如果對此比較敏感，對解題有很大的幫助。例題2：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us._ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas. 正確選項句子為： The research made by the

21、company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value. 例題分析：空格后的句末in both these areas中both這個不定代詞提示考生空格中一定出現(xiàn)兩個并列的名詞概念，即fashion and value。當然該題也可通過同義詞對應解題：選項中的expect對應空格前的want,表“需求”。詞匯銜接詞匯銜接 2.同義詞同義詞/近義詞近義詞:英語英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，這是這是我們解

22、題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義都是特殊的同義/近義詞。近義詞。例題1：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _.正確的選項是：These traditional produc

23、ts created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.例題分析：空格前句中的old和選項中的traditional是近義詞，是很明顯的同義對應關系。有的時候，如果選項中出現(xiàn)空格前后句里相同的詞匯，尤其是實詞（特別是名詞），這往往是很好的提示。這就是所謂的同詞重復現(xiàn)象。例題2：51 You dont show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，you

24、r sleeping position shows the real you正確選項為Everyone has got two personalitiesthe one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real例題分析：空格后句和空格里都出現(xiàn)了personality，secret，在讀選項的時候很容易注意到這個同詞重復的解題線索。例題3：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, wh

25、ere significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. _.All of these have reported an increase in market share.正確的選項是：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, （女士內衣） gifts and home ware.例題分析：空格后句開頭的all of these 提示我們空格里面肯定出現(xiàn)大于等于三個并列的名詞

26、概念，正是選項中的lingerie（女士內衣）, gifts（禮品）and home ware（家居用品），這三個名詞與前句中的menswear(男士服裝)屬于同一范疇類的事物，都是百貨商店中的常見商品類別。從這道例題我們還能得出這樣一個有用的結論：很多題目的銜接可能不止一個，我們可以從不同的角度來解題或對答案進行驗證。詞匯銜接詞匯銜接 3.上下義詞上下義詞/同一范疇詞同一范疇詞舉個例子說明：舉個例子說明：Fruit和和apple之間就是之間就是上下義詞，因為前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個上下義詞，因為前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。子集。Apple和和orange之間

27、則是同一范疇的關系，都屬于之間則是同一范疇的關系，都屬于fruit。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常常可以很輕松地解題。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。例題1：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business income. _.正確的選項是：These figures are hard

28、ly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.例題分析：選項中的these figures 提示我們前句一定出現(xiàn)了大于等于三個數(shù)字，figure/number/ data等都是表示“數(shù)字、數(shù)據”的意思，空格前面出現(xiàn)了三個百分數(shù)，屬于數(shù)字的一種，是上下義詞的關系。邏輯銜接邏輯銜接 1.解釋關系：解釋關系：前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關系，這樣的前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關系，這樣的邏輯關系是很隱蔽的。邏輯關系是很隱蔽的。例題_thats why I dont wear a white coat.正確選項：He h

29、as tried to create an environment where people are not afraid 例題分析：后面說不穿白大褂，前面則為解釋的原因。邏輯銜接邏輯銜接 2.例證關系：例證關系：前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質而言無非是思維例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質而言無非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點）的辯證關上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點）的辯證關系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。觀點）和推理

30、（從觀點到例子）。例題：Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff._.正確選項：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.例題分析：選項是對前句舉了一個十分明顯的例子。 邏輯銜接邏輯銜接 3.因果關系：因果關系：前后句的邏輯是因果關系，常見的邏輯表達有：前后句的邏輯是因果關系，常見的邏輯表達有：because,for,since,as,thereasonisthat，resultin/from,bedueto,beattributedto等等。還有

31、一些表示因果邏輯關系等等。還有一些表示因果邏輯關系的表達是比較隱蔽的，如：的表達是比較隱蔽的，如：underlie（前者構成后者的基礎，實（前者構成后者的基礎，實際是前者是因，后者是果），再如：際是前者是因，后者是果），再如：inresponseto(前者作為后前者作為后者的回應，即后者是因，前者是果者的回應，即后者是因，前者是果)。例題：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equipped than ever to compete and to wi

32、n and we feel increasingly optimistic._. 正確選項：This is due to our now having a clear strategy（戰(zhàn)略） with a focus on the customer, product improvement 例題分析：選項句中有一個非常重要的形容詞clear，這個詞足以說明該公司的strategy(戰(zhàn)略)是正確的，一家公司有著清晰而正確的戰(zhàn)略思想當然會使其蒸蒸日上?？崭袂懊嬉痪湔侵v的該公司躊躇滿志，十分樂觀。空格句開頭的this is due to 反映出這樣的因果邏輯關系。邏輯銜接邏輯銜接 4.順逆關系：

33、順逆關系：英語行文中后句對前句不是順承邏輯關系就是逆轉邏輯關系，這是顯然的常識。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。例題： Though he is known as Glasgows most fashionable dentist,_正確選項Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously.例題分析：空格前句作者用了一個讓步狀語從句表示盡管他是城里最時尚的牙醫(yī)，但人家對工作可是（take seriously），不是繡花枕頭。所以考生可以在備選項中搜尋轉折邏輯的各種表達法，

34、很快就能找出正確的選項。結構銜接結構銜接 文章結構文章結構 主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點，對人物的 描述如傳記，包括人身 體特征、家庭背景、成 長過程、個性愛好、成就貢獻等內容進行描 述，因此時間、地點往往是出題重點 解釋某一理論、學科、事物，主要用例子比喻 類比闡述 把兩個人或事物功能、特點、優(yōu)缺點進行對比 這種結構主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀 的、直接的、間接的 這種結構主要是先介紹一種觀點，然后對其評 論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點缺點、危害性、最 后闡明自己的觀點a)描述性結構:b)釋義性結構:c)比較性結構:d)原因性結構:e)駁斥性結構:結構銜接結構銜接 出題位置出題位置 若問題若

35、問題在在段首段首 (a)通常是段落主題句。(b)與后文是并列、轉折、因果關系等。 (c)段落間的過渡句。 _39_ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the m

36、ore you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. 答案選項：答案選項：A. Try new things. 71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. 答案選項：Making new friends comes easy for some people. Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement fo