高考英語虛擬語氣學案（極簡修改版）

1、第8頁 共8頁高考英語虛擬語氣學案極簡修改版虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是表示與事實相反或建議，命令，要求和個人觀點和看法的動詞的一種特殊形式，經(jīng)常出如今名詞性從句或狀語從句中。溫馨提示：虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況:1表示與事實相反包括不真實/難實現(xiàn)的愿望2表示建議，命令，要求和個人觀點和看法。一、一個表格：一表示與事實情況相反 條件從句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式 表示如今情況 過去式(did)(be常用 were) would / could / might / should + do 表示將來情況 過去式 (did)/(were) should + dowere to do would / could

2、/ might / should + do 表示過去情況 過去完成式(had +done) would / could / might / should +have done 1.If I were you, I would take this job.假如我是你，我就承受這份工作。2.If you had e here yesterday, you would have met Mr.Wang.假如你昨天來這兒，你就會遇到王先生。3.If it should rain/were to rain/ rained tomorrow, we would put off the sports mee

3、ting.萬一明天下雨，我們就推延運動會。二錯綜時間的虛擬句：通常情況下,在條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間一致, 但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時主句和從句的動作不是發(fā)生在同一時間，其動詞形式要根據(jù)時間而定。1.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(從句指如今, 主句指過去)。2.If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.(從句指過去,主句指如今)。3.If we hadnt been working hard in the past

4、few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly.從句指過去，主句指如今。4.If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.從句指過去，主句指如今。三省略：If 從句中含有were, should, had時，可省略if并把were, should, had提早。例如：Were I you, I wouldnt quarrel with him.備注：注：would, should, could與might的選擇：一般常用would，如同

5、在真實條件句中主句常要用will一樣。常譯作“將、就會”。如：If I knew him, I would ask him for help.假如我認識他的話，我就會向他求助。should在虛擬條件句中用得最少，如今幾乎不用?？赡苁且驗樵陉愂稣Z氣中第一人稱后面可以用shall，所以在虛擬語氣中，理論上講，第一人稱后也可用should。但在現(xiàn)代英語中，特別是美語中，人們常說：Ill go home.或I will go home.但很少人說I shall go home.因此，在虛擬條件句中，should也很少用。could用于虛擬條件句中時，有“可以，可能”之意。如：If you had e

6、back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.假如你回來得再稍早一點，你就可能親眼目睹這件事了。might用于虛擬條件句時，常譯作“或許”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him.假如我當時在場的話，我或許會和他吵起來。二、四個句型：一一般如今時(或如今進展時)，or|otherwise主語+ would / could / might / should +do.二一般過去時(或過去進展時)，or|otherwise主語+ would

7、/ could / might / should +have done.三主語+ would / could / might / should +do, but+一般如今時或如今進展時.四主語+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+一般過去時或過去進展時.1.She isnt feeling very well now，otherwise she wouldnt leave the meeting so early.2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would hav

8、e known nothing about it .3.I might have given you more help, but I was too busy .4.I would go swimming today, but I have an une_pected guest. 三、八個要點：(一)、suggest等動詞以及相應名詞所引導的名詞性從句：shoulddo?？谠E：I drop caps. 即“I：insist堅決，D：demand/desire要求/懇求，R：request懇求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建議，C：mand命令，A：ask命

9、令，advise建議，P：prefer寧愿，S：suggest建議” 注意: insist:堅持認為，堅持說不虛擬堅決要求，堅決主張?zhí)摂Msuggest：暗示不虛擬建議虛擬1.The man insisted that he didnt steal the wallet and should be set free now.2.Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once.3.My suggestion is that he sho

10、uld go there at once.4.It is suggested that he should go there at once.5.I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.6.This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.定語從句不用虛擬(二)It is adj.that 主語+(should)do.常用形容詞有：essential, necessary, important, vital, natural, strange, urgent.例如：

11、1.It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.2.It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.注意：It be+名詞 a pity/a shame/ no wonderthat+ should+動詞原形+(可以用來表示驚異、懊悔、絕望等情感).(三) It is (high) time that 虛擬 過去式 should do(should不能省略) It is time that we got up.should get up.(四)wish從

12、句 1)與如今事實相反 : wish + (that)+ did(were) eg：I wish I were as young as you.2)與過去事實相反 : wish + (that)+ had done或would|could+have done(僅限于wish用法eg：I wish I had been to the concert last night.3)與將來事實相反 : wish + (that)+would/could/might + do egI wish I would buy a plane.五) as if/ though從句：同上1.If only I wer

13、e as rich as Bill Gates.2.If only the alarm clock had rung.3.If only I would fly like a bird . (七would rather +句子虛擬(1)過去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示與如今或將來情況相反 (2)過去完成式(had +done) 表示與過去情況相反 1.I would rather he came here now|. 2.Id rather you told him the bad news tomorrow. 3.I had rather you hadnt made that

14、mistake. 八Long live +主語！ (例：Long live the people!) May you do sth.!例：May God bless you!四、幾點補充：I had hoped that she would go to the U.S.and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.(二)用在lest, for fear that和in case引導的目的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞常用should+動詞原形 She closed the windows lest she should catch cold. Bring an umbrella in case that it rains.Bring an umbrella in case that it should rain.(三) It were not for,主語+would|could|might|should+do.It had not been for,主語+ would|could|might|should+have done.If it were not for their help