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1、品味語法品味語法語法精講專項(xiàng)突破語法精講專項(xiàng)突破講解歸納講解歸納限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。從句兩種。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:一、形式不同一、形式不同限制性定語從句與其先行詞之間不用逗號隔開限制性定語從句與其先行詞之間不用逗號隔開,非限制性定語從句與其先行詞之間一般用逗號非限制性定語從句與其先行詞之間一般用逗號隔開。隔開。This is an important letter, which I received y

2、esterday.(非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句) 這是一封重要這是一封重要的信,我昨天收到的。的信,我昨天收到的。The book (which/that) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.(限制性定語從限制性定語從句句) 昨天你借的那本書真有意思。昨天你借的那本書真有意思。二、功能不同二、功能不同限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系密切,它限限制性定語從句與其先行詞關(guān)系密切,它限制了先行詞的意義。制了先行詞的意義。如果去掉該從句,剩余部分的意思往往不完整,如果去掉該從句,剩余部分的意思往往不完整,甚至失去意義;非限制性定語從句只是其先行

3、詞甚至失去意義;非限制性定語從句只是其先行詞的附加說明,如去掉,句子剩余部分的意思仍然的附加說明,如去掉,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。完整。He is a man whom we should learn from.(限制性限制性定語從句定語從句)他是一個值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的人。他是一個值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的人。My father, who works in a hospital, often warns me not to smoke.(非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句)我父親在一家醫(yī)院工作,他經(jīng)常告誡我不要抽煙我父親在一家醫(yī)院工作,他經(jīng)常告誡我不要抽煙.三、先行詞不同三、先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞

4、一般為單個的名詞或限制性定語從句的先行詞一般為單個的名詞或代詞;非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是單代詞;非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是單個的名詞或代詞,也可以是整個句子或其中一個的名詞或代詞,也可以是整個句子或其中一部分。部分。Mike sold the house, which made his father very angry. 邁克把房子賣掉了,這使他父親很生氣。邁克把房子賣掉了,這使他父親很生氣。(先行先行詞詞which指代逗號前的整個句子,即賣房子這指代逗號前的整個句子,即賣房子這件事。件事。)四、關(guān)系詞不同四、關(guān)系詞不同1that通常不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。通常不能用來引

5、導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry.()( 此處此處that應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為which,指代主句表達(dá)的整個內(nèi),指代主句表達(dá)的整個內(nèi)容。容。)2并非只有并非只有which才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。使用非限制性定語從句時,如果先行詞指人,可使用非限制性定語從句時,如果先行詞指人,可用用who, whom來引導(dǎo);來引導(dǎo);先行詞指物,可用先行詞指物,可用which,whose來引導(dǎo);先來引導(dǎo);先行詞表時間或地點(diǎn),可用行詞表時間或地點(diǎn),可用when,where來引來引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)(它們在從句中作時間狀語它們

6、在從句中作時間狀語)。五、五、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as即可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句即可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,as可以在句可以在句中作主語、賓語、表語。中作主語、賓語、表語。(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,常見句式:引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,常見句式:such名詞名詞as.像像一樣的;像一樣的;像之類;之類;the same名詞名詞as.和和同樣的。其中關(guān)同樣的。其中關(guān)系代詞系代詞as在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為整引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為整個句子

7、,個句子,as在從句中作主語、賓語、表語,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語,“正如正如;這一點(diǎn),像;這一點(diǎn),像一樣一樣”等,等,as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句放在主句前后都可。的非限制性定語從句放在主句前后都可。2關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as與與which的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別(1)which和和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可修引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個主句或主句的一部分,飾整個主句或主句的一部分,as從句還可置從句還可置于主句之前,于主句之前,which只能放在主句后。只能放在主句后。He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like. 他星期天還得工作,這是

8、他不喜歡的。他星期天還得工作,這是他不喜歡的。As you know, the work is very difficult.你們知道,這項(xiàng)工作很難。你們知道,這項(xiàng)工作很難。(2) as在限制性定語從句中,常用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)在限制性定語從句中,常用于固定結(jié)構(gòu), the same .as;such. as等;等;which在句中作主在句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時可以省略。語或賓語,作賓語時可以省略。(3)as有正如,正像的意思,有正如,正像的意思,which沒有此意。沒有此意。專題訓(xùn)練專題訓(xùn)練.用非限制性定語從句合并下列兩個句子用非限制性定語從句合并下列兩個句子1He has left Beijing

9、. A meeting is to be held there._He has left Beijing, where a meeting is to be held.2Charles Smith retired last year. He was my former teacher._Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.3He seems not to have understood what I meant. This greatly upsets me._4He has two sons. Both of

10、 them are teachers._He seems not to have understood what I meant, which greatly upsets me.He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.5Im reading Harry Porter. It is an interesting book._Im reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞或代詞在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞或代詞 1Those_will go to the park

11、stay here.2That was all the money_I had.3Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.whothatthat4That was the year_I went to America.5Which is the star_is nearest to the earth?6He often speaks highly of himself,_made others upset.7He opened the door, in front of_sat a boy.when/in whichthatwhichw

12、hich8The man to_I spoke is a famous scientist.9The boy_mother is dead was brought up by his father.10We came to the town,_we stayed for 2 hours.whomwhosewhere/in which. 單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空1The letter is from my sister,_is working in Beijing.Awhich BthatCwhom Dwho解析:選解析:選D??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。據(jù)定語??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。據(jù)定語從句含義可知先行詞

13、應(yīng)是從句含義可知先行詞應(yīng)是my sister,確定關(guān)系,確定關(guān)系代詞為代詞為who,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。2_is often the case with elder people,my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.AThat BWhichCAs DIt解析:選解析:選C。考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。表示??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。表示“正如正如”時,只能用關(guān)系代詞時,只能用關(guān)系代詞as。as引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句的前面、中間或末尾都可以。從句放在主句的前面、中間

14、或末尾都可以。3As I arrived in Sydney,I wanted to see everything on my first day,_I knew was impossible.Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析:選解析:選D??疾槎ㄕZ從句??疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代制性定語從句,指代I wanted to see everything on my first day這件事。這件事。4Most of the roads were covered with thick snow,_made our journey more dif

15、ficult.Aone BitCwhich Dthat解析:選解析:選C。考查非限制性定語從句。這里??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。這里which指代前面的整個句子。指代前面的整個句子。5We then moved to Paris in 2001,_we lived for six years.Awhen BwhereCthat Dthere解析:選解析:選B??疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意:我們于。考查定語從句。句意:我們于2001年搬到巴黎,我們在那里住了年搬到巴黎,我們在那里住了6年。此題易年。此題易誤選誤選A。注意從句中已經(jīng)有時間狀語了,先行。注意從句中已經(jīng)有時間狀語了,先行詞只能是詞只能是Paris,

16、因此用,因此用where引導(dǎo)定語從句且引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。6He came back late,_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat Dduring解析:選解析:選B??疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。因?yàn)椤?疾槎ㄕZ從句的引導(dǎo)詞。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中使用了過去完成時,要與表示截定語從句中使用了過去完成時,要與表示截止到過去的時間段的介詞連用,因此用止到過去的時間段的介詞連用,因此用by。7Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T

17、shirt,_is a stupid thing to do in such weather.Athis BthatCwhat Dwhich解析:選解析:選D。句意:。句意:Ted僅穿著短褲和僅穿著短褲和T恤來恤來過周末,在這種天氣下這樣做真愚蠢。過周末,在這種天氣下這樣做真愚蠢。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語。主語。this,what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;that不不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。8The key to success in English is to find a right learning

18、method,_I think is important.Awho BthatCwhat Dwhich解析:選解析:選D??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。先行詞。考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是是a right learning method,從句缺少主語,其,從句缺少主語,其中中I think為插入語,故用關(guān)系代詞為插入語,故用關(guān)系代詞which。9John Kennedy,_was only 39 years old when he died,was seven years younger than his father when he died.Awho BwhomCthat Dwhich解析:解析

19、:A??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。先行詞??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。先行詞John Kennedy為人且在從句中作主語,故選為人且在從句中作主語,故選A。10More and more people would like to live in the countryside _there is fresher air and lower price of housing.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen解析:選解析:選B。先行詞。先行詞countryside表示地點(diǎn),表示地點(diǎn),where引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。寫作指導(dǎo)妙筆生花寫作指導(dǎo)妙筆生

20、花事物介紹事物介紹 寫作要求寫作要求請以請以“My Favourite Piece of Clothes”為題寫為題寫一篇一篇100詞左右的英語短文。寫作內(nèi)容:詞左右的英語短文。寫作內(nèi)容:1買衣服的時間、地點(diǎn);買衣服的時間、地點(diǎn);2喜歡這件衣服的原因喜歡這件衣服的原因(如顏色、樣式等如顏色、樣式等);3你穿這件衣服的時間及頻度;你穿這件衣服的時間及頻度;4這件衣服今天看起來的情況;這件衣服今天看起來的情況;5審題謀篇審題謀篇(1)審題構(gòu)思審題構(gòu)思a體裁:介紹事物的說明文;體裁:介紹事物的說明文;b時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時;時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時;c人稱:第一人稱;人稱:第一人稱;d重點(diǎn):以簡潔的語言介紹重點(diǎn)

21、:以簡潔的語言介紹My Favourite Piece of Clothes。(2)篇章結(jié)構(gòu):篇章結(jié)構(gòu):本文可采用本文可采用“二段式二段式”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。第一部分:提出文章的主題,開門見山地點(diǎn)第一部分:提出文章的主題,開門見山地點(diǎn)出你最喜歡的衣服。出你最喜歡的衣服。第二部分:文章的主體,對文章的主題進(jìn)行第二部分:文章的主體,對文章的主題進(jìn)行展開說明。層次要清楚,內(nèi)容要全面。展開說明。層次要清楚,內(nèi)容要全面。寫作要點(diǎn)寫作要點(diǎn)1一看到這件衣服時,我就喜歡上了它,一看到這件衣服時,我就喜歡上了它,毫不猶豫地就買了它。毫不猶豫地就買了它。_ it _ I saw it and bought it wit

22、hout any hesitation. I _ it _ I saw it and bought it without any hesitation.I fell in love withthe momentwas fond ofas soon as2我非常喜歡這件衣服,以致于我經(jīng)常穿,我非常喜歡這件衣服,以致于我經(jīng)常穿,特別是在上體育課時。特別是在上體育課時。_, especially in P. E. classes._, especially in P. E. classes.I like it so much that I often wear itI really like it,

23、 so that I often wear it3自從我買這件衣服以來,已經(jīng)有兩年的自從我買這件衣服以來,已經(jīng)有兩年的時間了。現(xiàn)在看起來它有點(diǎn)小也有點(diǎn)短了。時間了。現(xiàn)在看起來它有點(diǎn)小也有點(diǎn)短了。_ and now it looks rather small and short on me. _ and now it looks rather small and short on me.It has been two years since I bought itI bought it two years ago佳作欣賞佳作欣賞My Favourite Piece of ClothesMy fa

24、vourite piece of clothes is an Msized Tshirt. I still remember the day when I bought it. I was doing some shopping with my friends in Wangfujing Department store when I noticed the blue Tshirt. I fell in love with it the moment I saw it and bought it without any hesitation. Although it cost me 80 yu

25、an, which is a very high price for a student like me. I think it is worth the money. I like it so much that I often wear it, especially in P. E. classes.How time flies! It has been two years since I bought it and now it looks rather small and short on me. But I still dont want to throw it away. Inst

26、ead I will give my beautiful blue Tshirt to my younger sister. I hope she will like it as I do.名師點(diǎn)津名師點(diǎn)津【美文點(diǎn)津美文點(diǎn)津】本文涵蓋了所有要點(diǎn),表述合理。本文涵蓋了所有要點(diǎn),表述合理。文章合理運(yùn)用了文章合理運(yùn)用了was doing.when.、the moment、定語從句、定語從句、It has been.since.等等高級句式,以及高級句式,以及fall in love with ,without any hesitation等高級詞匯,使得文章增色很等高級詞匯,使得文章增色很多、文章結(jié)

27、構(gòu)自然合理。多、文章結(jié)構(gòu)自然合理?!绢愇狞c(diǎn)津類文點(diǎn)津】1寫作方法寫作方法一篇介紹事物的說明文,如果只是中規(guī)中矩一篇介紹事物的說明文,如果只是中規(guī)中矩地描繪它的形狀、特點(diǎn),那事物永遠(yuǎn)都是死地描繪它的形狀、特點(diǎn),那事物永遠(yuǎn)都是死物。要想把事物寫活,應(yīng)賦予其血液,讓它物。要想把事物寫活,應(yīng)賦予其血液,讓它活起來。如寫小狗時,除了介紹狗的外貌、活起來。如寫小狗時,除了介紹狗的外貌、習(xí)性,應(yīng)該在其可愛性上下功夫,如小狗喜習(xí)性,應(yīng)該在其可愛性上下功夫,如小狗喜歡在主人面前搖尾巴、愛對陌生人亂叫等;歡在主人面前搖尾巴、愛對陌生人亂叫等;寫花草,如含羞草,除了介紹它的形狀、生寫花草,如含羞草,除了介紹它的形狀

28、、生長規(guī)律外,更應(yīng)該在長規(guī)律外,更應(yīng)該在shy上做足文章,使它上做足文章,使它人性化;介紹某種食品,除了介紹該食品的人性化;介紹某種食品,除了介紹該食品的產(chǎn)地、特色外,還應(yīng)該在味兒上下功夫,這產(chǎn)地、特色外,還應(yīng)該在味兒上下功夫,這樣才能誘人;介紹科技產(chǎn)品,如電子詞典,樣才能誘人;介紹科技產(chǎn)品,如電子詞典,除了介紹它的使用方法及注意事項(xiàng),更應(yīng)該除了介紹它的使用方法及注意事項(xiàng),更應(yīng)該把寫作重點(diǎn)放在科技含量上把寫作重點(diǎn)放在科技含量上詞匯豐富,詞匯豐富,查詢便捷。查詢便捷。事物類說明文適合以定義法開頭。比如在介事物類說明文適合以定義法開頭。比如在介紹手提電腦這種產(chǎn)品時,可以這樣寫:紹手提電腦這種產(chǎn)品時

29、,可以這樣寫:Laptop is a portable computer that can be carried easily and used conveniently whenever and wherever you are.在說明的過在說明的過程中,要借助舉例法和細(xì)節(jié)描述法使被介紹程中,要借助舉例法和細(xì)節(jié)描述法使被介紹的內(nèi)容清晰豐滿。在結(jié)尾段要突出題目要求的內(nèi)容清晰豐滿。在結(jié)尾段要突出題目要求,重申說明目的,使文章完整。重申說明目的,使文章完整。2注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)(1)寫此類說明文時要注意行文的條理清晰,寫此類說明文時要注意行文的條理清晰,在動筆之前要想好描述順序,不能東一句,在動筆之

30、前要想好描述順序,不能東一句,西一筆,缺乏章法。西一筆,缺乏章法。(2)注意句與句之間的鏈接及層與層之間的聯(lián)注意句與句之間的鏈接及層與層之間的聯(lián)系。這樣才能使文章條理清楚,層次分明。系。這樣才能使文章條理清楚,層次分明。(3)盡可能多用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和高級詞匯;同時要盡可能多用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和高級詞匯;同時要注意用詞和句子的準(zhǔn)確性。注意用詞和句子的準(zhǔn)確性。(4)要注意采用敘述、舉例子、列數(shù)據(jù)、作比較等要注意采用敘述、舉例子、列數(shù)據(jù)、作比較等相結(jié)合的形式。相結(jié)合的形式。(5)要盡可能地使說明的內(nèi)容生動、有趣,選用典要盡可能地使說明的內(nèi)容生動、有趣,選用典型、新穎的素材,吸引讀者。型、新穎的素材,吸引讀者。常

31、見詞匯常見詞匯(1)表順序:表順序:first第一,第一,second第二,第二,third第三第三,in the first place第一,第一,at first首先,首先,in the beginning首先、開始,首先、開始,to begin with首先、第一首先、第一,above all首首先、最重要的是,先、最重要的是,whats more 此外、而且,此外、而且,inaddition除此之外,除此之外,furthermore此外,此外,moreover此外、而且,此外、而且,another另外另外,also也也, especially特別、尤其,特別、尤其,in particu

32、lar特別地。特別地。(2)表時間:表時間:first首先,首先,then然后,然后,next接著,接著,after that在那之后,在那之后,finally最后,最后,now現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在,at present現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在,recently最近,最近,afterwards以后、以后、后來,后來,after a while過了一會兒,過了一會兒,in a few days 幾天之后,幾天之后,from now on從現(xiàn)在起,從現(xiàn)在起,from then on從那時起,從那時起,at the same time同時,同時,meanwhile同時,同時,till直到,直到,not.until直到直到才

33、,才,when當(dāng)當(dāng)時,時,while當(dāng)當(dāng)時,時,as當(dāng)當(dāng)時,時,during在在期間。期間。(3)表解釋說明:表解釋說明:for example例如,例如,for instance例如,例如,such as比如,比如,in this case在這在這種情況下,種情況下,take.for example以以為例,為例,in fact實(shí)際上、事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上、事實(shí)上,actually實(shí)際上、事實(shí)際上、事實(shí)上。實(shí)上。詞語串串練詞語串串練As the necessities of life, clothes can reflect the character, taste of wearer.And i

34、t also keeps to some rules, such as status, occasions and season. So how we wear can make us more comfortable and confident.Firstly, wear what you like. Maybe you have your unique character and taste, which can be revealed by your wearing styles. You may like fashionable clothes as most people do. O

35、r you like comfortable sportswear. In my opinion, its okay as long as it suits you well.Secondly, clothes should be appropriate for the occasions. If you are a golfer, you may prefer a sweatshirt and a pair of sneaker when you golf.But, when you attend a meeting, you should wear formally. As a worke

36、r, you may wear uniforms when you are working.Thirdly, youd better choose the size which is neither big nor small when you go shopping in the department store.Designers consider many respects for customers, so you can find the style on sale which you like most.Fourth, wear clothes as the season chan

37、ges. In spring, you can only wear a blouse. But when in winter the temperature is about minus centigrade ten degrees, you may be frozen if you just want to show off your good figure.Fifth, choose these clothes whose cloth is comfortable. Youd better choose the tights made of cotton. Because we have

38、madeadvances in the cloth, you can see many beautiful clothes made from specific fiber and other materials. They dont fade and they will be in good shape even if you overwear it. Whats more, you dont bother to wash them by_hand,_and just put them into a washer.We can feel more confident if we wear tidily and comfortably. Why not wear

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