醫(yī)學英語疾病介紹——gastriccarcinoma胃癌pt課件

1、introductiondescription 概述概述classification 分類分類causes 病因病因symptoms 癥狀癥狀pathlogical changes 病變病變exams and tests臨床檢查臨床檢查treatment 治療治療outlook(prognosis) 預后預后prevention 預防預防 gastric cancer refers to cancer arising from any part of the stomach. stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per ye

2、ar. gastric carcinoma is the most common cause of death in malignant tumors of alimentary system in china. description- definitioncarcinomak:sinum n. carcinomak:sinum n. 癌癌malignantmalignantmlinnt adj. mlinnt adj. 惡性的惡性的alimentarylimentri adj. alimentarylimentri adj. 消化的消化的 location: mainly along th

3、e gastric lesser curvature side(80.3%), predominantly in the antrum (56.4%) a higher incidence in males than females with a ratio of 2:13:1. it usually appears in fourth and sixth decade of life. this form of gastric cancer is very common in japan, chile, and iceland.description- features gastric le

4、sser curvature(gastric lesser curvature(k:vt, -t k:vt, -t ) side) side 胃小彎側胃小彎側predominantlypredominantlyprdmnntl adv. prdmnntl adv. 大部分，多半大部分，多半antrumantrumntrm n.ntrm n.竇，腔，房竇，腔，房incidenceinsidns n.incidenceinsidns n.發(fā)病率發(fā)病率 stomach cancer world map - death who(世界衛(wèi)生組織)2004age-standardised death rat

5、es(年齡標準化死亡率) from stomach cancer by country (per 100,000 inhabitants(居民).description- featuresseveral different types of cancer can occur in the stomach. the most common type is called adenocarcinoma, which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach.gastric cancer胃惡性

6、腫瘤gastric carcinoma(adenocarcinoma)95%(arising from the epithelium來源于上皮組織)胃腺癌gastric sarcoma5%(arising from mesenchymal tissue來源于間葉組織)胃肉瘤（教材未提及）classificationadenocarcinomaadenocarcinomadinudinuk:sinum n.k:sinum n.腺癌腺癌the lining(the lining(襯里襯里, ,內層內層) of ) of the stomach:the stomach:胃壁胃壁mesenchymal

7、mesekimmesenchymalmesekiml adj. l adj. 間葉細胞的間葉細胞的, ,間充質間充質的的 adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide, the rate of most types of gastric adenocarcinoma has gone down over the years. experts think the decrease may be because people are eating less salted, cure

8、d, and smoked foods. classificationdigestive tractdigestive tract：消化道：消化道saltedsalted：鹽腌的：鹽腌的curedcured：熟化的，熏制的：熟化的，熏制的smokedsmoked：煙熏過的：煙熏過的causesyou are more likely to get gastric cancer if you: have a family history of gastric cancer have an infection of the stomach by bacteria called helicobacte

9、r pylori had a polyp larger than 2 centimeters in your stomach bacteria:bacteria:bktiri n. bktiri n. 細菌細菌helicobacterhelicobacterhelikbkt helikbkt 【醫(yī)醫(yī)】纏繞桿菌屬纏繞桿菌屬 pylori pail:rai n.pylori pail:rai n.幽門幽門 - - helicobacter pylori:helicobacter pylori:幽門螺桿菌幽門螺桿菌polyppolypplip n.plip n.息肉息肉 have inflammat

10、ion and swelling of the stomach for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis) have pernicious anemia smokecausesinflammation:inflammation:nflmen n. nflmen n. 醫(yī)醫(yī) 炎癥炎癥swelling:swelling:swel n. swel n. 腫脹腫脹 chronic atrophicchronic atrophictrfik trfik gastritis gastritisgstrats gstrats : :慢性萎縮性胃炎慢性萎縮性胃炎p

11、erniciousperniciouspns pns anemia anemiani:mi: ni:mi: : :惡性貧血惡性貧血 abdominal fullness(腹脹) or pain(疼痛), which may occur after eat a small meal dark stools(黑便) difficulty swallowing(吞咽困難), which becomes worse over time excessive belching(噯氣/打嗝兒過度) general decline in health(全身健康機能減退)symptomsabdominal:ab

12、dominal:bdmnl adj. bdmnl adj. 腹部的腹部的 belch:belch:belt v.belt v.打嗝，噯氣打嗝，噯氣decline:decline:diklain n.diklain n.衰退衰退 噯噯 i:打嗝兒，胃里的氣從嘴里出來，并發(fā)出聲音。打嗝兒，胃里的氣從嘴里出來，并發(fā)出聲音。 loss of appetite(食欲缺乏) nausea(惡心) vomiting, which may contain blood(嘔血) weakness or fatigue(疲勞) weight loss(體重減輕)symptomsappetite: appetite:

13、 pitait n.pitait n.胃口，食欲胃口，食欲nausea:nausea:n:zi:, -, -si:, - n. n:zi:, -, -si:, - n. 作嘔；作嘔； 惡心；惡心； 反胃反胃 vomit:vomit:vmit vt.& vi. vmit vt.& vi. 嘔吐嘔吐 fatigue:fatigue:fti:g n. fti:g n. 疲勞疲勞 early gastric cancer:早期胃癌 the cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌層) and are therefore limit

14、ed to the mucosa(黏膜層) and submucosa(黏膜下層).advance gastric carcinoma:進展期胃癌 the cancer have invaded the muscularis propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.pathlogical changesinvadeinvade:inveid vt.& vi. :inveid vt.& vi. 侵入侵入 muscularismuscularis:mskjulris:mskjulris肌層肌層 muco

15、samucosa:mju:kus n. :mju:kus n. 黏膜層黏膜層 propriapropria: :固有層固有層 protruded type (型 隆起型) superficial type (型 表淺型)superficial elevated type (a型 表淺隆起型)superficial flat type (b型 表淺平坦型)superficial depressed type (c型 表淺凹陷型) excavated type (型 凹陷型)pathlogical changesprotrude:prtru:d vt. protrude:prtru:d vt. 使

16、突出使突出 superficial:sju:pfil adj. superficial:sju:pfil adj. 表面（上）的表面（上）的 excavate:ekskvet vt. excavate:ekskvet vt. 挖掘；挖掘； 開鑿開鑿 (1)息肉型或蕈傘型 polypoid or fungating type (2)潰瘍型 ulcerative type(3)浸潤型 infiltrating type進展期胃癌進展期胃癌大體類型大體類型 pathlogical changespolypoid:plipidpolypoid:plipid息肉樣息肉樣 fungating:fngeit

17、 fungating:fngeit 醫(yī)醫(yī) 真菌樣生長真菌樣生長 ulcerative:lsrtiv adj. ulcerative:lsrtiv adj. 潰瘍（性）的潰瘍（性）的 infiltrating:nfltret v. infiltrating:nfltret v. （使）滲透（使）滲透 a suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy(baipsi 活檢) and resected(ri(:)sektid 切除). the surgical specimen(spesimn 外科

18、手術樣本) was subsequently(sbsikwntli 隨后，后來) kept for educational purposes. pathlogical changesadenocarcinoma of the stomach (dinuk:sinum 腺癌) 隸屬潰瘍型進展期胃癌，伴有潰瘍形成的胃癌有時需與消化性潰瘍鑒別endoscopic(endskpik 內窺鏡) image of linitis(linaitis胃蜂窩織炎) plastica(plstik 塑料的), a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is

19、 invaded, leading to a leather(le 皮革) bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it.pathlogical changeslinitis plastica linitis plastica 革囊胃革囊胃 隸屬浸潤型進展期胃癌 diagnosis is often delayed(被推遲) because symptoms may not occur in the early stages of the disease(疾病早期階段). or, patients may self-treat sympt

20、oms(自己治療出現的一些癥狀) that gastric cancer has in common with other, less serious gastrointestinal disorders(相對不那么嚴重的胃腸道疾病) (bloating(胃氣脹), heartburn(胃灼熱), and a sense of fullness(腹脹感).exams and testsgastrointestinalgastrointestinalgstruintestnl gstruintestnl disordersdisorders胃腸道病癥胃腸道病癥bloatingbloatingbl

21、tblt胃氣脹胃氣脹heartburnheartburnh:tb:nh:tb:n胃灼熱胃灼熱t(yī)he following tests can help diagnose gastric cancer: complete blood count (cbc) to check for anemia esophagogastroduodenoscopy (egd) with biopsy to examine the stomach tissue stool test to check for blood in the stoolsexams and testscomplete blood count

22、 (cbc) to check for anemia:complete blood count (cbc) to check for anemia:貧血時檢查全血細胞計數貧血時檢查全血細胞計數esophagoesophagoasfg asfg / /gastrogastrogstr gstr / /duodenoduodenodju:udi:n dju:udi:n /scopy (egd):/scopy (egd):食道、胃、十二指腸鏡檢查食道、胃、十二指腸鏡檢查stool test to check for blood in the stools:stool test to check fo

23、r blood in the stools:大便中帶血時檢查糞便大便中帶血時檢查糞便surgery to remove the stomach (gastrectomy) is the only treatment that can cure the condition. radiation therapy and chemotherapy may help. for many patients, chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgery may improve the chance of a cure(提高治愈的可能性).for pat

24、ients who cannot have surgery, chemotherapy or radiation can improve symptoms and may prolong survival(延長生存時間), but will likely not cure the cancer. for some patients, a surgical bypass procedure(外科旁路手術) may relieve symptoms(減輕癥狀).treatmentgastrectomy:gastrectomy:strektmi strektmi 胃切除術胃切除術radiationr

25、adiationreidiein reidiein therapy: therapy:放療放療chemotherapychemotherapykemuerpi kemuerpi : :化療化療the outlook varies(預后情況). tumors in the lower stomach(胃下部的腫瘤) are cured more often than those in the higher stomach - gastric cardia(胃賁門) or gastroesophageal junction(食管胃連接). how far the tumor invades the stomach wall(腫瘤侵襲胃壁的程度) and whether lymph nodes(淋巴結) are involved(是否已發(fā)生淋巴道轉移) when the patient is diagnosed affect the chances of a cure(影響治愈的可能性).when the tumor has spread outside the stomach(腫瘤已經擴散到胃外時), a cure is not possible(治愈已經不可能了) and the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms(使癥狀好轉). o