selfsovereignty(自主權(quán))

1、Readthefollowingpassageanddotheexercisesattached.WOMENANDSUCCESSJUDYTAMEWomenarefrequentlytheirownworstenemies.Lifeisnoteasyforwomen.Butthenitisnoteasyforanyone.Obstaclesareapartoflife.Oursocioeconomicorigin,accent,race,sex,canrepresentobstaclesforbothmenandwomen.Inthisessay,however,Iwillbedealingsp

2、ecificallywiththeobstaclesandopportunitiesforwomen.Therearetwowaystodealwithobstacles.Wecancomplainabouthowrottentheworldistowomen,orcanworkhardtoovercometheobstacles.Andifwecan'tovercometheobstaclesthenwecandosomethingelse.NegativityandPositivityThetwowaysofdealingwithobstaclesreflecttwoattitud

3、estoourselvesandtotheworldaboutus.Negativewomengivepowertothethingsthathappentothem.Theyactuallygiveawaytheirownpowertoeventsandotherpeople.Thesentimentsyouconstantlyfindthemexpressingareofthesort:“HowcanIliveadecentlifeinamaledominatedsociety?”Butwhattheyarereallysayingis:“Iallowsocietytohavepowero

4、vermebynotcreditingmyselfwiththepowertoberesponsibleandtomakechoices.”Beingresponsibleandmakingchoicesdoesnotmeanthefreedomtodoeverythingourheartsdesire.Thatmightbewonderful,buttheintherealworldourrangeofchoicesisconstrainedbyeventsoutsideourcontrol.Butthisfactdoesnotmeanthatweshouldnotacknowledgeth

5、oseveryimportantareaswherewedohavefullself-sovereignty（自主權(quán)）.Forwomen,orrather,forwomenintherelativelyfreesemi-capitalistportionsoftheearth-thoseareasare:* thechoiceofalifepartner（includingthechoicewhethertohaveoneornot）* thechoiceofwhetherornottobearchildren* thechoiceofwhetherornottohaveajoborcaree

6、r.（Howironicitisthatwomenherehavemorechoicesthanmen.Theyhavetheoptionofbeingsupportedbymen!）Theseareasoffreechoiceareinfactthemostimportantlifedecisionswehave.Inthepast,becauseoftheeconomicdominance（統(tǒng)治）ofmenoverwomen,andbecauseoflegaldisabilities,itwasdifficultforwomentohavetheseoptions.Thegrowthoff

7、reemarketrelationships,theconsequenteconomicprogressandprosperity,andtheclassicalliberal（自由主義的）idealsofindividuallibertyhaveremovedmostofthosedifficultiesandwill,intime,removethemall.Perhapsthereasonthatsomanywomenchoosethelosermentality（心態(tài)）-theassumptionthattheworldisbasicallyhostile-istomasktheiro

8、wnlackoflifeskillsandfearoffreedom.Itisinterestinghowmanymovementswhoseprofessed（公開(kāi)聲稱的）goalsarefreedomareactuallymotivatedbythefearoffreedom.PositiveMentalAttitudeThemostimportantlifeskillisinfactasubjectiveone.Itisapositivementalattitude.Somearebornwithit.Others,likeme,havetolearnit.Infact,itisvery

9、easytolearnbecauseit'sinfinitelymorepleasanttopracticethannegativity.WhendeliveringthisessayasaspeechIillustratedthispointby.theslightlytonguein.cheek（隨便說(shuō)說(shuō)）Ohoyprocess.Isimplyaskedtheaudiencetoraisetheirhandsandchant“OhJoy!”Thephysicalandverbalmanifestationofpositivitymadeeveryoneintheaudiencefe

10、elgood.Theessenceofpositivementalattitudeistwointerlinkedattitudes:therecognitionthatrealityiswhatitis,andselfresponsibility.Wedon'thavefreedomofchoiceaboutoursexoraboutmaleattitudestous.Butwedohavefreedomandresponsibilityoverourownexperience.Wecanthusturnourexperience,goodorbad,intonegativeorpo

11、sitivecontributionstoourwell-being（健康）.Theworldisoftenadifficultplacetolive.Tothenegativewomanthisisaburden.Tothepositiveself-actualizing（自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的）womanthisisachallenge.TheTechniquesofSuccessThefundamentaltechniqueofsuccessistouseeverysituation,comfortableoruncomfortable,forouradvancement.Thereisasayin

12、ginInsight,oneofthebestoftheself-helpandawarenessgroups,thatWhatwefocusoniswhatweget.Thisprobablyaccountsfortheappalling（另人'驚駭?shù)模゜lackholesofdisasterthatsomewomengetthemselvesintoandwhyothersachievesuccess.Howdoesthepositivewomandifferfromtheloser?Firstly,sheassumessuccess.Ifitdoesnotoccurinapart

13、icularcontextsheasksherselfwhatshehaslearnedfromtheexperienceanddoessomethingelse.Secondly,shehasapositiveselfimage.“Sexism”,thatis,irrationalandunfairattitudestowomen,doesexist.Butthepositivewomandoesnotallowittomatter.Shedoeswhatshewantstodoanyway,withorwithoutsupport.InhisbookExecutiveTune-Up:Per

14、sonalEffectivenessSkillsforBusinessandProfessionalPeople,Dr.KarlAlbrechtliststhecontrastingcharacteristicsoftheeffectiveandtheineffectiveperson.Let'sconsidersomeofthem:TheIneffectivePersonLosestempereasily.Reactsirritably;snapsatothers.Gets“wounded”oroffendedeasily.Doesbattleoversmalloffenses.Gr

15、imfacialexpression;negativeemotionalbias.Littlesenseofhumor.Thinkspredominantlynegative,discouraged,ordefeatistthoughts.Getsdiscouragedbysmallsetbacks;letssmallobstaclesfrustrateher.TheEffectivePersonTakeseventsandactionsofothersinstride.Reactspleasantlyandaffirmatively.Declinestoget“hooked”byprovoc

16、ative（挑釁的）remarksoractionsofothers.Refusestogetdrawnintouselessandunproductiveskirmishes（小沖突）withothers.Maintainsapositiveemotionalbias（傾向），smiles;expressesherselffreely.Laughseasily;canlaughatherself.Keepshermindonpositiveideas,thinksaboutsuccess,happiness,positiveexperiences.Followsaflexibleplan;a

17、cceptsandadaptstosetbacks;takesobstaclesinstride,andadaptstosurprises.WhenIamaskedwhatitislikebeingawomaninaman'sworldIamlostforananswer-becauseIhaveneverthoughtaboutit.Thatisthekey.Ihaveneverthoughtaboutthepossibilityofdiscrimination（歧視）.Ihavealwaysassumedequality,andwhenIdidnotgetitinthepastIs

18、implymovedtoacareerwhereresultsmatteredmorethantheraceorgenderofthepersonwhoproducedthem.Whatwefocusoniswhatweget.Letmedemonstratethepowerofpositivitybyanotherpersonalexample.Mymalecolleaguessometimescomplimentmeinapatronizing(顯出優(yōu)越感的)manner,witha“patonthehead”andacommentlike“I'mimpressed”.Thisco

19、uldbeannoying.Idonottakeitseriously,andchoosetotakeitfullyasacompliment.Whyfocusonthenegativeaspectsofagenuinecompliment?ThebusinessIhavechosentoworkwithinisameritocracy(精英管理)，soitdoesnotmatterhowirrationalmanyofmymalecolleaguesmightbe.Ratherthanmoaning(抱怨)aboutdiscriminationthetaskforwomenistochoos

20、ethoseareaswheremarket-inducedrationalityisatitsmostnotable.Thelessonsoftheultimatelysuccessfulminoritieswhohavefaceddiscriminationanddifficultiesarerelevanthere.Thoseminoritieswhohavemosteffectivelyovercomediscriminationhavebeenthosewhohaveengagedinbusinesseswherethepursuitofprofitisunencumbered(沒(méi)有

21、阻礙的)bystatisticians(統(tǒng)計(jì)員)andregulatoryintrusions.ThePsycho-TechnologyofSuccessThereisinfactahugeself-helpliteratureontheattainmentofsuccess.Althoughheldincontemptbymostintellectualsandignoredbymanyacademicpsychologiststherecanbefoundinthisliteratureaproven“psycho-technology”ofsuccess-abatteryofproces

22、ses，techniquesandlifestylesthatproduceresults.Therearealsoawiderangeofpersonalgrowthandself-helpcoursesavailable.ButIwouldliketodescribethreeparticulartechniquesIhavefoundofspecialvalue:* PositiveMentalAttitude.Evenunpleasantexperiencesandsetbackshave，whenhandledfromthisattitude，provedtotallyappropr

23、iatelearningsituationsandopportunitiesforeffectivegrowth.* Visualization.Simplyvisualizing,ormentallyrehearsing(復(fù)述)，whateveritiswewishtoachievecanmakeanamazinglypowerfulcontributiontoachievinggoals.* Affirmation.Anaffirmationisapositiveandaccuratestatementaboutourselveswhichbecomesmoreandmorepowerfu

24、lwithrepetition.Itusuallystartswith“Iam”andmightsoundlikethis:“Iamanintelligent,resourcefulandpowerfulwoman,successfulinmycareerandinmypersonalrelationships”.Byconstantrepetitionthequalitiesthatthestatementaffirmscomeforwardandwebegintoexperiencethemmorefrequently.ConclusionIcannotcorrecteveryinjusticeintheworld,andIcannotstoptheworldbeingadifficultplacetolivein.ButIcan,asweallcan,takechargeofmyownreactionsandmyownlife.Andthatissuccess.Exercise1Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.1. Negativewomentendtogivethemselv