跟郭老師學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：形容詞和副詞

1、跟郭老師學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：形容詞和副詞在歷年的河北中考中，形容詞和副詞是必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從命題內(nèi)容來(lái)看，涉及它們?cè)诰渲械奈恢煤妥饔?、比較等級(jí)及易混形容詞和副詞的辨析等。從命題形式來(lái)看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等，分值通常在57分之間。預(yù)計(jì)2016年，對(duì)形容詞和副詞的句法功能、比較等級(jí)的用法及易混形容詞和副詞辨析的考查是重中之重。20112015年河北中考試題分析表(形容詞和副詞)年份題號(hào)題型分值201131，34，51，54，83單項(xiàng)選擇，完形填空，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用5201231，33，42，49，51，52，83單項(xiàng)選擇，完形填空，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用7201331，42，47，52，82單項(xiàng)選擇，完形填

2、空，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用5201431，41，47，51，54，83單項(xiàng)選擇，完形填空，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用6201530，33，41，77，78，83單項(xiàng)選擇，完形填空，詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用，連詞成句6形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，說(shuō)明事物和人的性質(zhì)和特征的一類詞，在句子中用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；而副詞用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中的形容詞和副詞都有等級(jí)的變化。1. 形容詞的位置形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況中后置：修飾some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)someone special，everything possible以

3、-able，-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available，the only solution possiblealive，alike，awake，asleep等可以后置the only person awake表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞a bridge of 50 meters long形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on withelse修飾疑問(wèn)詞和不定代詞時(shí)what else，something else1. 有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)。如：little (小的)，only (唯一的)，woode

4、n (木質(zhì)的)，elder (年長(zhǎng)的)，等及復(fù)合形容詞man-made (人造的)，kind-hearted (好心的)，English-speaking (說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的)，take-away (可以帶走的)等。2. 有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)。如：alone (孤獨(dú)的)，asleep (睡著的)，awake (醒著的)，alive (活著的)，well (健康的)，ill (病的)，frightened (害怕的)等。3. 有些形容詞貌似副詞。如：friendly (友好的)，lively (生動(dòng)的)，lonely (孤獨(dú)的)等。4. 有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或物。如：We shoul

5、d respect the old and love the young. 我們應(yīng)該尊老愛(ài)幼。Its not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf. 取笑盲人或聾人是不禮貌的。5. enough修飾名詞時(shí)既可以放在名詞的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在形容詞或副詞之后。如：We have enough time / time enough to finish the work. 我們有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作。He ran fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑得很快，足夠趕上公共

6、汽車了。This hall is big enough to hold 1, 000 people. 這個(gè)大廳夠大，可以容納1000人。6. 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常按“性質(zhì)大小(長(zhǎng)短、高低、形狀等)年齡/新舊顏色國(guó)籍(地區(qū)、出處等)材料”的順序排列。如：a beautiful tall building一座漂亮而高大的建筑物；a large yellow Chinese coat一件黃色的中國(guó)式大衣形容詞的作用及位置1. (2015河北) Mom, Im very _ for all your love.A. thankful B. careful C. useful D. helpful2

7、. (2015石家莊新華區(qū)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) Mom, Ive cooked the egg. What _ can I do for you?A. other B. another C. thing D. else3. (2015石家莊裕華區(qū)模擬) The hit of iPhone 6 made the fans of it _.A. exciting B. excited C. disappointment D. disappointing4. (2015路北區(qū)二模) She was _ enough to get out of the building before it fell down.

8、A. happy B. lucky C. lovely D. quickly5. (2015滄州一模)Why do you like Mrs. Lee?Because shes _. She is never tired of explaining something to us again and again.A. active B. beautiful C. unusual D. patient6. (2015石家莊新華區(qū)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) I love all my students. I think each of them is _.A. early B. lucky C. lovely D

9、. interesting7. (2015河北模擬拔高型) David is never _! He cant stop talking.A. quiet B. athletic C. outgoing D. smart8. (2015石43中模擬) I have made _ new friends here that I really enjoy my school life.A. so much B. so many C. such much D. such many2. 副詞的分類時(shí)間副詞soon，now，early，finally，once，recently頻度副詞usually，a

10、lways，often，hardly，seldom，never地點(diǎn)副詞here，nearby，outside，upwards，above疑問(wèn)副詞how，where，when，why方式副詞hard，well，fast，slowly，excitedly，really連接副詞how，when，where，why，whether，however程度副詞almost，nearly，very，fairly，quite，rather關(guān)系副詞when，where，why注意：地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞和方式副詞放在句尾，它們同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)的順序是：方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞。如：The students are doin

11、g the experiments carefully in the lab now. 同學(xué)們現(xiàn)在正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里認(rèn)真地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。Many people take exercise happily on the square every morning. 很多人每天早晨在廣場(chǎng)上高興地進(jìn)行鍛煉。副詞的作用及位置9. (2015河北) The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is _ worth seeing again.A. mainly B. really C. possibly D. hardly10. (2015石家莊裕華區(qū)模擬) Mr. Li i

12、s a kind teacher，but he treated us _.A. politely B. friendly C. strictly D. lively11. (2015石家莊長(zhǎng)安區(qū)一模) Tony, pass my glasses to me please. I can _ see your friends clearly.A. really B. actually C. hardly D. nearly12. (2015唐山路北區(qū)二模) I will remember Mr. Li forever because he always takes time to explain

13、things to me _.A. clearly B. hardly C. strongly D. quickly13. (2015滄州一模) Li Li has improved her English a lot since she joined the English club.How _ she chose to join it at first!A. quickly B. suddenly C. simply D. wisely14. (2015預(yù)測(cè)卷五) Frank is playing his iPhone _, but his father looks angry.A. ha

14、ppy B. happily C. sad D. sadly15. (2015邯鄲一模) Look, your clothes are wet through. It must be raining _.A. loudly B. hardly C. heavily D. clearly16. (2015石家莊18縣聯(lián)考) Mr. Smith, would you please speak a little _?Sorry! I thought you could follow me.A. quietly B. politely C. seriously D. slowly17. (2014河北

15、一模) In the south，people live _ on rice.A. most B. mostly C. almost D. more3. 規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-est。smallfastsmallerfastersmallestfastest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r，-st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er，-est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉

16、音節(jié)的單詞，雙寫末尾的字母再加-er，-est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加more，most。interestingimportantmore interestingmore importantmost interestingmost important1. 使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，在對(duì)比中應(yīng)該是同類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。如：“我的英語(yǔ)不如你的好”應(yīng)譯成“My English is not as / so good as yours.”，而不能譯成“My English is not as good as y

17、ou.”。因?yàn)榇司渲斜容^的對(duì)象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours (your English)。2. 使用比較級(jí)時(shí)，切忌一方包含另一方，從而造成自身與自身的比較。如：“她比她班上任何同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都努力”應(yīng)譯成“She studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能譯成“She studies harder than any student in her class.”。any student in her class包括she，使用了other才能將其排除。18. (2015保定一模) Many peopl

18、e prefer to shop on the Internet. Its _.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. less cheap19. (2015邯鄲一模) Look! Our hometown is _ now than it used to be.A. quite beautiful B. the most beautifulC. very beautiful D. much more beautiful20. (2015邯鄲二模) Lucys handwriting is _ in our class. We must learn from he

19、r.A. beautifully B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful21. (2015石家莊質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) I cant afford this expensive coat. Can you show me a _ one?A. cheaper B. higher C. lower D. dearer22. (2015唐山路北區(qū)二模) Have you ever seen the film?Sure. Its one of _ films I have ever seen.A. the most wonderful

20、B. wonderfulC. much wonderful D. the more wonderful23. (2015河北模擬奪冠型) How did you lose the soccer match?We had _ players. They had eleven while we had only ten.A. fewer B. less C. more D. better24. (2014河北) Water is the cheapest drink. And its also _.A. healthier B. healthiest C. the healthier D. the

21、 healthiest25. (2014張家口一模) The train has just left. We should get here 10 minutes _.A. earlier B. the earliest C. the earlier D. early4. 不規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)Good / wellbetterbestBad / ill / badlyworseworstlittlelessleastMany / muchmoremostfarfarther / furtherFarthest / furthestoldolder / e

22、lderoldest / eldest26. (2015石家莊長(zhǎng)安區(qū)一模) My bike broke down half-way and I had my _ experience that day.A. worst B. best C. the worst D. the best27. (2015石家莊藁城區(qū)模擬) Is your headache getting _? No, its worse.A. better B. bad C. less D. well28. (2015石家莊18縣聯(lián)考) If there are fewer cars, there will be _ air p

23、ollution.A. little B. few C. less D. fewer29. (2015石家莊18縣聯(lián)考) The food in the restaurant is bad.I think so. And the service is even _.A. better B. good C. worse D. bad30. (2015河北模擬經(jīng)典二) How about the dishes? Fantastic! Nothing tastes _.A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse31. (2015結(jié)課B卷) Jim works har

24、der this term，so he is _ at his lessons.A. the best B. the better C. best D. better5. 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法句型意義例句as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as兩者比較，程度相同?！癮sas”結(jié)構(gòu)前可以帶表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等。This book is almost / nearly as thick as that one. 這本書幾乎同那本一樣厚。His ability is not half as high as yours. 他的能力不及你的一半。

25、如果形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用as形容詞/副詞原級(jí)a(n)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式as。Tom is as good a person as his uncle. 湯姆和他叔叔一樣是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one. 這個(gè)例子和另外那個(gè)一樣好。如果指同一個(gè)人或物，應(yīng)譯為“不但而且”。Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever. 李梅不但漂亮而且聰明。not as / so形容詞/副詞原級(jí)as兩者相比，一方不及另一方。This village isnt as / so big as that on

26、e. 這個(gè)村子沒(méi)有那個(gè)村子大。I didnt do my homework as carefully as you. 我做作業(yè)不如你仔細(xì)。形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)than兩者進(jìn)行比較。The sun is bigger than the earth. 太陽(yáng)比地球大。She usually gets up earlier than others. 她通常比別人起得早。the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)意為“越，越”，如果“the比較級(jí)”修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，名詞要緊跟在比較級(jí)之后。The busier the old man is, the happier he feels. 那位老人越忙越高興。The more,

27、 the better. 越多越好。The more money he gets, the more he wants. 他得到的錢越多越想要。比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)意為“越來(lái)越”，多音節(jié)的用more and more形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。She is growing fatter and fatter. 她越來(lái)越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的國(guó)家越來(lái)越美了。倍數(shù)as as 意為“是的倍”。The city is three times as big as mine. 這個(gè)城市有我的城市的3倍大。具體數(shù)字、實(shí)物、倍數(shù)等比較

28、級(jí)than形容詞與具體倍數(shù)等的比較。He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一個(gè)頭。This city is three times larger than that one. 這座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)介詞短語(yǔ)(比較范圍)意為“(三者或三者以上)最的”。He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我們班里最高的男孩。He works hardest in his class. 他是班上學(xué)習(xí)最用功的一個(gè)。1.“A謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞the比較級(jí)of the two”表示“是兩者中的”。如：Wang Fei is the taller

29、 one of the two brothers.王飛是他們兄弟兩人中較高的一個(gè)。2.“A謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞one of the最高級(jí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞in / of短語(yǔ)”表示“是最的之一”。如：Miss Li is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 李老師是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。3.“A謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞the序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)in / of短語(yǔ)”表示“是第最的”。如：The Yellow River is th

30、e second longest river in China. 黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。32. (2015路北區(qū)一模) Of the two Australians，Jenny is _ one. I think you can find her.A. taller B. the taller C. tallest D. a taller33. (2015石家莊長(zhǎng)安區(qū)一模) This morning, I didnt run _ I had expected.A. as fast so B. so fast as C. as faster as D. so faster as34. (2015滄

31、州一模) Jimmy is very helpful. _ I stay with him, _ I like him.A. The more; the most B. The most; the mostC. The more; the more D. The most; the more35. (2015邯鄲武安七中模擬) Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even wo

32、rse36. (2015河北模擬拔高型) China has the _ population in the world.A. smallest B. most C. largest D. large37. (2015綜合卷一) Air pollution has become much _ than ever. We must do something to prevent it.A. serious B. more serious C. most serious D. the most serious38. (2015河北中考仿真四) Do you enjoy Han Hongs song

33、s?Yes. She is really great. I cant think of anyone with a _ voice.A. better B. best C. more D. worse1. Joe took up a cup to drink some water, but he found it was _.A. empty B. heavy C. clean D. old2. It is _ for us to bring our umbrellas because the weather report says it will rain this afternoon.A.

34、 hard B. interesting C. easy D. necessary3. Its every policemans dream to keep people _ and the traffic in good order.A. safe B. healthy C. busy D. famous4.Uncle Wang feels very _ after finishing the _ work.He really needs to have a good rest.A. tired; tiring B. tired; tired C. tiring; tired D. tiri

35、ng; tiring5. I have got used to the life here, and I live as _ as before.A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. less happy6. I _ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school.A. never B. hardly C. seldom D. usually7.Why do you like living in the countryside, Uncle Wang?Because the air

36、there is _ and clean.A. cold B. dirty C. thin D. fresh8. Wed better not eat too much _ food because its not only bad for our teeth，but also makes us fat easily.A. tasty B. delicious C. sweet D. cheap9.These days I have always felt stressed.You can ask Mrs. Lee for help. Its _ for her to solve your p

37、roblem.A. necessary B. useful C. important D. possible10. Are you _, Mike?Yes, Mom. Could you please get me some water?A. thirsty B. tired C. hungry D. sick11. Whose home is _ away from school in our class?Liu Meis.A. farther B. far C. the farthest D. near12. Which of the two cars will you buy?The _

38、 one. I dont have much money.A. cheap B. expensive C. cheaper D. more expensive13. Remember this, children._ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make.Yes, Miss Gao.A. The more; the fewer B. The more; the fewC. The more; the less D. The much; the fewer14. Which is _, the sun, the earth or the moon?T

39、he sun, of course.A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest15. Your daughter is much _ now.Yes, the pants she wore last year are all too short for her.A. older B. quieter C. taller D. smarter16. If you keep playing sports every day, your health will be getting _.A. good and good B. better and betterC. best and best D. better and best17. Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?Of course. We can buy _ one than this, but _ it.A. a better; better than B. a popular; as good asC. a more popular; not as good as D. a cheaper; as good as18. Which province is the _ one