整理-情態(tài)動詞

1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞一、特征一、特征 1) 情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義,表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),但詞義不完全但詞義不完全,不能單獨作謂語動不能單獨作謂語動 詞詞,只能和不帶只能和不帶to的動詞不定式的動詞不定式(即動詞原型即動詞原型)(ought等除外等除外)一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞. 2) 情態(tài)動詞所表示的情態(tài)有情態(tài)動詞所表示的情態(tài)有: 命令、允許、請求、拒絕、愿望、愿意、義務(wù)、必要、命令、允許、請求、拒絕、愿望、愿意、義務(wù)、必要、可能、敢于、需要等可能、敢于、需要等. 二、形式變化二、形式變化1) 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,

2、第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù) 的現(xiàn)在時也無變化的現(xiàn)在時也無變化.2) 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式, 有的過去式和它的原有的過去式和它的原型相同型相同. a. 有過去式的有有過去式的有: can could may might will would shall should dare dared need needed have to had tob. 過去式不變的有過去式不變的有: must must (或或had to) ought to ought to 三、否定式三、否定式shall not shant will not wont can not cant must not m

3、ustnt should not shouldntought not to would not wouldnt could not couldnt dare not darent need not neednt一、幾個否定式的含義一、幾個否定式的含義:Cant May not Mustnt Neednt Darent 二、幾個委婉請求的答語二、幾個委婉請求的答語:1. Could you lend me your pen? Yes, I _.2. Might I ask you a question? Yes, you _.3. Would you do me a favor? Of cour

4、se, I _.不能不能; 不會不會; 不可能不可能可能不可能不不許不許; 不該不該; 不可以不可以不必不必不敢不敢canmaywill三、幾個一般疑問句的答語三、幾個一般疑問句的答語:1. May I come in? Yes, you _. (No, you _.)2. Must I do it now? Yes, you _. (No, you _.)3. Need I type this letter now? Yes, you _. (No, you _.)maycant/mustntmustneedntmust/have toneednt四、四、can 和和 be able to:

5、*情態(tài)動詞里能用來表示情態(tài)動詞里能用來表示”能力能力”的只有的只有_ (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在)和和_ (過去過去); *_ 用來表示這一含義時可用各種時態(tài)用來表示這一含義時可用各種時態(tài);*be able to用于過去時有特定的含義用于過去時有特定的含義, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 _ to do sth或或_ in doing sth;1. A blind man _ judge colors.2. He _ swim like a fish when he was young.3. Finally he _ marry the girl he loved.cancouldbe able tomanaged succ

6、eededcant/isnt able tocould/was able towas able to五、五、will的幾個值得注意的用法的幾個值得注意的用法:1. My grandpa is over 80, and he will sit at the table looking at the old pictures for hours.2. Mom, Im trying hard but the window wont open. Can you come and have a look?常用于肯定式，常用于肯定式，表示表示“習(xí)慣、傾向性習(xí)慣、傾向性等等”，意為，意為“老是老是，總是，總

7、是”常用于否定式，表示常用于否定式，表示“功能喪失功能喪失”，意為意為“可能因為出毛病而無法可能因為出毛病而無法” 如：如：My car wont start.六、六、would是情態(tài)動詞錯選率很高的詞是情態(tài)動詞錯選率很高的詞:1. 凡是在現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r態(tài)里用凡是在現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r態(tài)里用will的的才能在過去的時態(tài)里用才能在過去的時態(tài)里用would。*My grandpa was over 80 and he _ sit at the table looking at the old pictures for hours.*I tried hard but my car _ start.2. 除

8、此之外除此之外would只能用于只能用于語虛擬語氣語虛擬語氣、委婉的請求（一般疑委婉的請求（一般疑問句）問句）和和would rather/prefer/like/love等搭配等搭配中。中。在情態(tài)動詞用在情態(tài)動詞用得最廣的得最廣的“表示推測和責(zé)備表示推測和責(zé)備”中不能使用中不能使用。*Would you please do me a favor?*I would have failed without your help.wouldwouldnt七、七、shall的幾個值得注意的用法的幾個值得注意的用法: 用于第用于第 人稱人稱 （I shall be thirty next year. )

9、, 表示表示_. 用于第一、三人稱一般疑問句（用于第一、三人稱一般疑問句（Shall I open the door? Shall he come in?)中表示中表示_。3. 用于第二、三人稱陳述句（用于第二、三人稱陳述句（He shall answer for it. You shall get a rise if you do well. You shall do as I tells you to.)中表示說話者的中表示說話者的_等，翻譯為等，翻譯為“一定會、必須、應(yīng)該、要一定會、必須、應(yīng)該、要”等。等。4.用于第三人稱陳述句的條約、法令、規(guī)章等文件用于第三人稱陳述句的條約、法令、規(guī)章

10、等文件 （Newspapers here shall not be taken out of the reading room. ）表示）表示_。征求對方意見征求對方意見義務(wù)或規(guī)定義務(wù)或規(guī)定意圖、允諾、威脅、命令、決心、愿望意圖、允諾、威脅、命令、決心、愿望將來將來,將會將會八、常用于推測的八、常用于推測的can, may和和must:1. A:Look, someone is coming. Who _ it be? B: It _ be the headmaster. A:It _ not be him. He has gone out. B: Then it _ be Mr Smith.

11、 He looks the headmaster very much.2. He is a man of few words, but _ be quite talkative at times.canmaycanmustcan總結(jié)總結(jié)cancan：表示推測時一般用于：表示推測時一般用于_和和_句，不用于句，不用于_句，如果用了則表示句，如果用了則表示“并非并非一貫如此的情形一貫如此的情形”，意為，意為_。否定否定 疑問疑問肯定肯定有時會、時而可能有時會、時而可能總結(jié)總結(jié)maymay：表示推測時一般用于：表示推測時一般用于_和和_句，不用于句，不用于_句。句。總結(jié)總結(jié)mustmust：表示推測

12、時一般只能用于：表示推測時一般只能用于_句。句。肯定肯定 否定否定疑問疑問肯定肯定特別注意：特別注意：情態(tài)動詞表推測時情態(tài)動詞表推測時can/could, may/mightcan/could, may/might并沒并沒有時間上的差別，有時間上的差別，此差別是體現(xiàn)在它們所帶的此差別是體現(xiàn)在它們所帶的謂語動詞的形式上謂語動詞的形式上。試比較：試比較：*He must/could/may/might be at home now/tomorrow.*He must/could/may/might be playing football now.*He must/could/may/might h

13、ave tried his best yesterday.*He must/could/may/might have been working for hours yesterday.以上以上4句分別是對什么時間的動作或狀態(tài)進行的推測？句分別是對什么時間的動作或狀態(tài)進行的推測？現(xiàn)在或?qū)憩F(xiàn)在或?qū)憩F(xiàn)在正發(fā)生現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生過去過去過去正發(fā)生過去正發(fā)生九、情態(tài)動詞表推測和責(zé)備九、情態(tài)動詞表推測和責(zé)備(后悔后悔)的不同含義的不同含義:1. a. He was absent yesterday. He could/may/ might have been ill. b. He was absent yes

14、terday, or he could/may/ might have given you a hand.2. a. He had only a little work to do and should have finished it by then, or he couldnt have been back home. b. Jack, where is your homework? You should have finished it yesterday.可能可能(推測推測)本可以本可以(委婉責(zé)備委婉責(zé)備)應(yīng)該已經(jīng)應(yīng)該已經(jīng)(推測推測)本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該(責(zé)備責(zé)備)十、十、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+完

15、成式表推測和責(zé)備完成式表推測和責(zé)備(后悔后悔)的含義小結(jié)的含義小結(jié): 推測推測 責(zé)備責(zé)備/后悔后悔maycould have donemight must have doneshould have doneought toneednt have done可能已經(jīng)可能已經(jīng)/(過去過去)可能可能一定已經(jīng)一定已經(jīng)/(過去過去)一定一定應(yīng)該已經(jīng)應(yīng)該已經(jīng)/(過去過去)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該 本來可以本來可以(實際實際沒有沒有) 本來應(yīng)該本來應(yīng)該(實際實際沒有沒有)本來不必本來不必(實際有實際有)十一、可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：十一、可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 和和 dare 情態(tài)動詞 (+動詞原形)行為動詞

16、.needdare 1.1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問句中否定句及疑問句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody連用連用; ; 3. 3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn); ;4.dare4.dare有其過去時有其過去時dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed t

17、o be done need doing 判斷正誤判斷正誤: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, dare he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?True or false?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes needed be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cl