危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南

1、3M China危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志使用指南Introduction簡(jiǎn)介Hazard warning labels are an important part of the health and safety controls provided on equipment to warn personnel of potential hazards associated with the equipment. Hazard warning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment through

2、other means (e.g., a complete enclosure of the hazard to prevent exposure) and the potential for exposure to the hazards is still present. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be present only during specific condition

3、s. Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be present in equipment including the following:§ Electrical § Moving parts§ Chemical§ Hot surfaces§ Non-ionizing radiation§ Lasers危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志是設(shè)備所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要組成部分之一，它能警告人們與設(shè)備伴隨的潛在隱患。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于通過其他

4、手段不能完全消除設(shè)備隱患，并且仍存在有接觸這些隱患的可能的情況下。這包括這些隱患會(huì)在整個(gè)正常操作條件下出現(xiàn)以及只會(huì)在特定條件下出現(xiàn)兩種情況。 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于下列會(huì)在設(shè)備中存在的不同隱患：l 電l 移動(dòng)部件l 化學(xué)品l 高溫表面l 非電離輻射l 激光The selection of the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards present in the equipment.應(yīng)根據(jù)出現(xiàn)在設(shè)備中的隱患的種類來選擇所應(yīng)采用的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的類型。This guide will address four bas

5、ic issues related to the use of hazard warninglabels:本指南將說明使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的四個(gè)基本問題： When are labels required? 什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志？Where should the labels be placed? 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方？What format is required? 需要使用什么樣的格式？Examples of Warning Labels 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例When are Labels Required?什么時(shí)候需要使用危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志？ In general, labels are

6、 not an acceptable substitute for removing or controlling the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls. Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations, maintenance or service, or other uses of the equipment. As an example, if a maint

7、enance task requires removing a guard which provides protection against moving parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts. In this case, the hazard is only present when the guard is removed. If a hazard is present at all times during normal operating

8、 conditions, the portion of the equipment where the hazard is present should be labeled. 總體而言，在消除或控制隱患的安全水平方面， 危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志并不是工程控制的一種可接受的替代品。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)用于在操作、維修、維護(hù)或其他使用設(shè)備過程中可能會(huì)接觸隱患的一種附加的警告。例如， 如果一項(xiàng)維修任務(wù)需要移開一個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩，而這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩會(huì)保護(hù)某一移動(dòng)部件，那么這個(gè)安全防護(hù)罩就應(yīng)該加上危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志，因?yàn)檫@一移動(dòng)部件可能會(huì)造成傷害。在這個(gè)例子中，隱患只是在安全防護(hù)罩被移開以后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。如果某一隱患在正常操作過程中會(huì)

9、一直存在的話，存在隱患的設(shè)備部分就應(yīng)該予以標(biāo)示。Where Should Labels Be Placed?危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在什么地方？If a guard or barrier is used to provide protection against a hazard, the labels should be placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gain access to the hazard. If there are several layers of barri

10、ers (e.g., outer skin and interior guard), the label should be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reaching the hazardous area. Some examples of this are listed below:§ Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow exp

11、osure to electrical hazards when opened,§ A guard over a moving parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guard or cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts,如果某一防護(hù)罩或柵欄用于保護(hù)某一危險(xiǎn)，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在這些必須打開或移開后才會(huì)接觸到隱患的柵欄、防護(hù)罩或部件上。如果柵欄有幾層（例如外殼和內(nèi)部防護(hù)罩），危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放置在接觸到危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域之前所應(yīng)移開的最后

12、一層?xùn)艡谏?。以下是一些這樣的例子：l 配電盤蓋板或門。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在打開后就會(huì)導(dǎo)致接觸電能危險(xiǎn)的蓋板或門上。l 某一移動(dòng)部件上的防護(hù)罩。危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在接觸到移動(dòng)部件之前必須移開的隨后一層防護(hù)罩或蓋板上。Where equipment contains hazardous or potentially hazardous materials (e.g.chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a warning label should be placed on theoutside of the equipment to indicate the hazard

13、(s) contained within. 如果設(shè)備內(nèi)貯存有危險(xiǎn)的或潛在危險(xiǎn)的物質(zhì)（例如：化學(xué)品、激光、X射線），危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)放在設(shè)備的外表面以注明所存在的隱患。The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed by personnel who will be working with the equipment and could be exposed to the hazard. This should take into account the following:危險(xiǎn)警告

14、標(biāo)志應(yīng)防止在設(shè)備上最容易被使用該設(shè)備并可能會(huì)接觸隱患的人注意的地方。這需要從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮：§ Direction from which personnel will approach the area of the equipment where the hazard is present. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipment, the label should be placed on the rear of the equipment where personnel will work or ac

15、cess the equipment,§ 人接近設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域部位的方向。如果人只能從設(shè)備的后面接近設(shè)備，那么危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在設(shè)備后面人進(jìn)行操作或接近設(shè)備的地方。§ Posture of the person when removing the guard or performing tasks that involve the potential for exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in order to remove a guard or cover, the label s

16、hould be placed on the guard or cover where it would be easily seen when sitting on the ground or when approaching the equipment for this task.§ 人移開防護(hù)罩或進(jìn)行可能接觸隱患操作時(shí)的姿勢(shì)。如果某一任務(wù)需要人坐在地上來移開防護(hù)罩或蓋板，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)放在人坐在地上時(shí)容易看見的地方。If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during normal operating co

17、nditions, the label should be placed in an area where it can easily be seen by personnel working with the equipment and near the location of the hazard. This should take into account the location where personnel will be when working with the equipment. Thus, if the hazard can be accessed from both f

18、ront and back, labels will be needed for both the front and rear of the equipment.如果某一隱患會(huì)在設(shè)備的正常操作過程中一直存在，危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志就應(yīng)該放在危險(xiǎn)源附近并容易被操作人員看見的地方。這需要考慮操作設(shè)備時(shí)人的位置。因此，如果某一隱患從設(shè)備的前面和后面都可以接觸到，那么設(shè)備的前面和后面就都應(yīng)該有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志。What Format is Required?需要什么樣的格式？The basic format requires three levels of information and formatting:

19、§ A pictogram / graphic showing what the hazard is,§ A signal word (Danger, Warning, Caution) based upon the hazard level, § Text describing the hazard, the potential hazardous outcome and the precautions to avoid the hazard所有危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志的基本格式至少應(yīng)包括以下三個(gè)層次的信息和格式：l 一個(gè)能表明隱患是什么的象形圖l 一個(gè)表明隱患級(jí)別的信號(hào)文

20、字（危險(xiǎn)、警告、注意）l 一段描述隱患、潛在的危險(xiǎn)后果以及避免危險(xiǎn)的防范措施的文字。The definitions of the signal words are summarized below:§ CAUTION: The hazard may result in minor or moderate injury. § WARNING: A potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, couldresult in death or serious injury.§ DANGER: An immi

21、nent hazard which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.以下總結(jié)了信號(hào)文字的定義：l 注意：隱患可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致較小的或中等的傷害。l 警告：如果不預(yù)防，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的危險(xiǎn)情況。l 危險(xiǎn)：如果不預(yù)防，肯定回導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的隱患。As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following:§ Pictogram: Picture of electrical symbo

22、l § Signal Word Warning§ Text: Hazardous VoltageContact May Cause Electric Shock or BurnTurn off and lock out system before servicing例如，一個(gè)電能隱患的危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：l 象形圖： 電力標(biāo)志的圖形l 信號(hào)文字： 警告l 文字： 危險(xiǎn)高壓 直接接觸或?qū)е码姄艋蜃苽?維護(hù)前應(yīng)關(guān)閉并鎖閉系統(tǒng)Hazardous warning labels format:危害警告標(biāo)志格式：信號(hào)文字Signal words文本Text象形圖Pictogra

23、mSize 尺寸：Large 大250mm*392mmMedium 中200mm*313mmSmall 小150mm*235mmExamples of Warning Labels危險(xiǎn)警告標(biāo)志范例For example:例如：易燃化學(xué)品存儲(chǔ)區(qū)域禁止煙火Flammable chemical storage areaNo burning 高壓危險(xiǎn)有觸電和起火危險(xiǎn)操作前關(guān)閉并鎖定系統(tǒng)電源Hazardous voltageRisk of electric shock or burnTurn off and lock out system power before servicing 移動(dòng)部件會(huì)造成壓傷

24、和割傷與手保持距離禁止移開防護(hù)罩進(jìn)行操作Moving parts can crush and cutKeep hands clearDo NOT operate with guard removedSignal words信號(hào)文字Pictogram象形圖Fire Protection消防類 滅火器 消防水帶 消防手動(dòng)啟動(dòng)器 發(fā)聲警報(bào)器Fire extinguisher Fire hose Manual activating device Fire alarm 滅火設(shè)備 消防梯 擊碎板面Fire-fighting equipment Fire ladder Break to obtain acc

25、essProhibition 禁止類 禁止用水滅火 禁止吸煙 禁止煙火 禁止帶火種No watering to put out the fire No smoking No burning No matches 禁止阻塞 禁止鎖閉 禁止放易燃物 禁止飲用No obstructing No locking No flammable materials No drinking 禁止戴手套 禁止穿化纖服 禁止啟動(dòng) 禁止合閘No putting on gloves No putting on No starting No switching on chemical fibre clothings 禁止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) 禁止觸摸 禁止攀登 禁止停留No turning No touching No climbing No stopping 禁止通行 禁止鏟車通行 禁止入內(nèi) 禁止使用移動(dòng)電話No thoroughfare No forklift No entry No mobile phone 禁止靠近 禁止乘人 禁止拍照 禁止鳴笛No nearing No riding No taking pictures No trumping Warning 警告類 當(dāng)心觸電 當(dāng)心燙傷 當(dāng)心凍傷 當(dāng)心鏟