直接引語變間接引語

1、直接引語變間接引語的方法直接引語變間接引語的方法引述別人的話有兩種方式：引述別人的話有兩種方式： 一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接直接引語引語； 一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做做間接引語間接引語。例如：例如： John said, Im going to London with my father. 約翰說：約翰說：我要和父親到倫敦去。我要和父親到倫敦去。（引號內(nèi)是直接引語）（引號內(nèi)是直接引語） John said that he was going to London with his father. 約

2、翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that he never ate meat.Kate said, I want to go to movies.”Kate said that she wanted to go to movies. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He told me that he had found his wallet.一、如何變?nèi)朔Q一、如何變?nèi)朔Q有一句順口溜有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，

3、第三人稱一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新不更新”?！耙浑S主一隨主”是指在直接引語變間是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化句中主語的人稱變化, ,如：如： She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he ha

4、d bought the house 10 years before. “二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙虮坏诙四闼揎椚四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主主句的賓語句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then. “Are you i

5、nterested in this?” he said. He asked if (whether) I was interested in that. “第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾被第三人稱所修飾從句中的從句中的人稱一般不需要人稱一般不需要變化變化如：如： Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker?！?Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。 She said:” Jim has bo

6、ught a bike.” She said that Jim had bought a bike.直接引語變間接引語時直接引語變間接引語時, 時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去進行時過去進行時過去將來時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時二、二、如何如何變時態(tài)變時態(tài) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen. She said. We hope so. She said they hope

7、d so. She said. He will go to see his friend?！?She said he would go to see his friend。 “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he had bought the house 10 years before.Kate said: “I had finished my homework by that time.” Kate said that she had finished her homework by that time.由直接引

8、語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,有時會引有時會引時時態(tài)態(tài)的變化的變化, 注意以下幾個方面注意以下幾個方面:直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句動詞為一般現(xiàn)在主句動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時時或現(xiàn)在完成時She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”從句動詞時態(tài)不變從句動詞時態(tài)不變She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間間接引語接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞

9、為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為: 從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時“I know it,” he said.一般過去時一般過去時He said that he knew it. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.過去進行時過去進行時She said she was mak

10、ing coffee for us all. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時“I have seen her before,” said he. 過去完成時過去完成時He said he had seen her before. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變

11、為:一般過去時一般過去時“I saw her last Monday,” he said.過去完成時過去完成時He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?過去完成時過去完成時“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.過去完成時過去完成時Jack

12、asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)主句主句動詞動詞為一為一般過般過去時去時引導(dǎo)動詞為引導(dǎo)動詞為:從句從句動詞動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)相應(yīng)相應(yīng)變化變化從句動詞變?yōu)閺木鋭釉~變?yōu)?一般將來時一般將來時He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”過去將來時過去將來時He said they would start the next day. 但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接

13、引語時，時態(tài)一般為間接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化不變化。 直接引語是直接引語是客觀真理客觀真理。 The teacher told me , The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” T

14、he teacher said that the sun rises in the east and goes. 直接引語是直接引語是過去進行時過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。，時態(tài)不變。 Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。歷史事件，即直歷史事件，即直接引語中有具體的過去接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日某年、某月、某日作作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。狀語，變?yōu)殚g接

15、引語時，時態(tài)不變。 Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或或習(xí)慣性習(xí)慣性的的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。 He said, I get up at six e

16、very morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.部分情態(tài)動詞如：部分情態(tài)動詞如：ought to， had better, used to，could, should, would, might等。等。 Peter said. You had better come have today. Peter said I ha

17、d better go there that day. She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.三、如何變狀語三、如何變狀語 直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則， 時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before）。 地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that) 。He said, These books are mine. He said those books were hi

18、s. 直接引語間接引語時間狀語nowtodaytonighttomorrowyesterdaythis week(month, year)last week(month, year)next week(month, year)three days(months years)ago thenthat daythat nightthe next /following daythe day beforethat week(month, year)the week(month, year)beforethe next/following week(month, year)three days(mont

19、hs years)before 地點狀語 here there 指示代詞 thisthese thatthose 動詞 comebring gotake 時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞和動詞的變化：四、如何變句型四、如何變句型 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如

20、：He said, Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He asked if I was interested in that. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He a

21、sked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner?“ She asked me when they had their dinner. “Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John. John asked Mary when she would return him the book. 直接引語如果

22、是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為tell (ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型。 Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動句詞（或從句）。 He sa

23、id, “Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film./ He suggested that they should go to see the film. 1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt

24、 like computers.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it m

25、ade.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are

26、 walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if we