英語口譯筆記技巧

1、口譯筆記的技巧Lecture 6:Note-taking in InterpretingThe worst pen is better than the best memory.vI. The importance of taking notes in interpretingOur short-term memory alone can not retain the amount of information the speaker gives in the act of interpreting. We need to employ other means to help with our

2、 retaining and retrieval of information. Notes are an aid to enhance the work of understanding, analysis and re-expression, the three activities of consecutive interpreting.vThe main use of notes is to relieve memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almo

3、st impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic.vII. Features of Note-taking in Interpretation:v1Immediateness (即時性即時性) v useless for preservatio

4、n v2Brevity (簡短性簡短性) vmemory-trigger 記憶激發(fā)手段記憶激發(fā)手段 v framework v3. Individuality (個人性個人性)vcan be creative, characteristic 例子例子第三產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為外商在穗投資的新熱點。去年，新第三產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為外商在穗投資的新熱點。去年，新批第三產(chǎn)業(yè)工程批第三產(chǎn)業(yè)工程1037個，吸收外資個，吸收外資44.4億美元，億美元，外商投資已從工業(yè)擴(kuò)大到金融、保險、房地產(chǎn)、外商投資已從工業(yè)擴(kuò)大到金融、保險、房地產(chǎn)、商業(yè)、娛樂、教育和保健等領(lǐng)域。商業(yè)、娛樂、教育和保健等領(lǐng)域。v1. Did I use com

5、plete sentences? They are generally a waste of time.v2.Did I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing?v3.Did I capture main points and all subpoints?v4.Did I streamline using abbreviations and shortcuts?vIf you answered no to any of these questions(2-4), you may need to develop some new

6、note-taking skills! 三產(chǎn)：熱廣州三產(chǎn)：熱廣州/外外 .上上Yr1037OK 外外4.44bn$ 外外 Fnc Ins 房房 Com 娛娛 Ed 保健保健IV. Suggestions for note-taking in interpretation:v1. Grasp the key words only.v2. Dont overemphasize on note-taking.v3. Use your familiar symbols and marks. 原那么：原那么：口譯為主，筆記為輔；口譯為主，筆記為輔；筆記應(yīng)表達(dá)信息的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)筆記應(yīng)表達(dá)信息的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)記下

7、密度和難度高的信息記下密度和難度高的信息筆記的內(nèi)容與符號，以多重利用為原那么；筆記的內(nèi)容與符號，以多重利用為原那么；筆記的語言符號必須能夠溝通；筆記的語言符號必須能夠溝通；筆記紙大小依口譯員可控制的空間而定。筆記紙大小依口譯員可控制的空間而定。v4. Suggested Language to Be Used in Note-taking:vIn reality, interpreters tend to use both languages interchangeably. vthe only rule: quick, clear and accurate ve.g. 中國人民解放軍中國人民

8、解放軍 PLA v 中華人民共和國中華人民共和國 PRCv responsibility 責(zé)責(zé)5. Basic guidelines for note-taking in CI1) Use A 15cm X 20cm stenographers note-pad; avoid loose sheets.2) Write only on one side of the sheets; use a good old lead pencil.3) Notes should be easily readable, be well spread on the page, written in large

9、 characters, and one single sentence can even occupy one sheet.More advice:v Notes must be unequivocal: for instance, an arrow pointing upward must be always used to represent one idea in the notes.v Avoid inventing symbols or abbreviations in the course of a conference.vLanguage used in your notes:

10、 SL and TL vWrite your notes verticallyvUse abbreviations vUse whatever language that comes to your mindvUse as many symbols as you feel comfortable with6. Note-taking:What to note-Take down the main points of the speech, together with any amount of minor details you could manage(口譯筆記的對象：概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字

11、、組織機(jī)口譯筆記的對象：概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系)-Note down the main ideas.-Systematically note down the links between different ideas.-Note down the point of view being expressed.-Pay attention to verb tenses, conditional forms, and modal verbs.-Note down accurately the numbers, dates and proper names. But

12、digest everything before taking notes! 7. The use of left-hand margin The left-hand margin is all-important, since in this section of the sheet the subjects of and the links between the sentences are to be noted. Some interpreters may choose to leave a left-hand margin of one to two centimeters for

13、links only. Practice 2：中國的對外政策是一貫的，有三句話，第一句話是反中國的對外政策是一貫的，有三句話，第一句話是反對霸權(quán)主義，第二句話是維護(hù)世界和平，第三句話對霸權(quán)主義，第二句話是維護(hù)世界和平，第三句話是加強(qiáng)同第三世界的團(tuán)結(jié)和合作，或者叫聯(lián)合和合是加強(qiáng)同第三世界的團(tuán)結(jié)和合作，或者叫聯(lián)合和合作。作。中中 f.p. 一貫一貫 3句句1 反反h 2) 維維p3) 團(tuán)團(tuán)/聯(lián)聯(lián)&Co. 3rd W./ V. 筆記的記錄技巧v1) 豎向記錄，意群分行。一個意群就占一行，能有效防止思路出現(xiàn)混亂。即使紙上有空白，也并不意味信息的空白，那正是譯員腦記應(yīng)填補(bǔ)的信息空間。空白是必要的

14、。v2) 快速書寫，減筆連筆v3縮略書寫，少字多意v4巧用符號，形象表意v5段尾畫線，明確結(jié)束Note-taking Practicevwatch the following video clip about a real interpreting activity, try to simulate interpreting the conversation for both sides, then figure out whats wrong with the interpreter.VIII.Suggested Formats for Notetaking: 1) We might use

15、 some simple words to stand for various groups of logical conjunctions: If : so long as, on condition that, provided that, in case (conditional expressions); Tho: though, although, even though, while, in spite of, despite (concessive expressions) ; To: so as to, in order to/that, so that (expression

16、s of purpose) ; Due: because, as, since, for, for this reason, now that, owing to, thanks to (expressions of cause); So: thus, therefore, hence, as a result of, consequently (expressions of result); But: however, still, yet, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless (Transitional expressions)

17、2) Suggested Symbols and Abbreviations to Be Used in Note-taking: 1. Picture marks:2. The arrows “:() An arrow pointing to the right may stand for “export to, “enter, “arrive in, “l(fā)ead to, “present to, “give to, “submit to, “result in, “send to or “cause.() An arrow pointing to the left may indicate

18、 “come from, “originate in, “import from, “receive from, or “come back to.() An upward arrow can mean “grow, “expand, “develop, “rise, “go up, “strengthen, “increase, “improve, “l(fā)aunch, “ascend, “skyrocket, or “promote.() A downward arrow may carry the meaning of “drop to, “bomb, “jump, “decrease, “

19、descend, “go down, “deteriorate, “demote or “reduce.3. Mathematical symbols: Mathematical symbols such as “, “, “, “, “, “, “, “ are very simple but precise. “ may stand for “plus, “and, “in addition to or “furthermore.“ may stand for “minus or “l(fā)ack.v “ may stand for “greater, larger or more than,

20、“better than, “surpass, “superior to, “more and more.v “ may stand for “smaller/fewer/less than, “worse than or “inferior to.v “ may stand for “more than or equal to.v “ may stand for “l(fā)ess than or equal to.v “ may stand for “equal to, “equal, “the same as or “a match/rival/competitor for somebody.

21、v “ may stand for “not equal to, “not match for.v “ may stand for “approximately, “around, or “or so.v “ may stand for “as , “because, “owing to, “due to or “thanks to. v “may stand for “consequently, “so, “therefore or “as a result. 5Time marks:v (1) y: 年年 M:月月 w: 周周 h: 小時小時 m: 分分 s: 秒。秒。v 2時間的前后用小

22、數(shù)點時間的前后用小數(shù)點“.表示，點在前面，表示表示，點在前面，表示“幾幾年年(月，天月，天)前；前； 點在后面，表示點在后面，表示“幾年幾年(月，天月，天)后，所后，所以：以：3年前可以這樣表示：年前可以這樣表示：.3y; tomorrow: d.; yesterday: .d; last week: .w; next week: w.; 2 years later: 2y.; today: d。 v 3具體的年、月、日可按漢語習(xí)慣用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字記，具體的年、月、日可按漢語習(xí)慣用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字記，如：如：v January 20th, 1978: 78. 1. 20 6. Country name

23、marks:中國：中中國：中 日本日本: 日或日或J 美國：美國：US 韓國：韓國：K 英國：英國：UK 法國：法國：F 香港：香港：HK 臺灣：臺灣：TW 澳門：澳門：OM如果遇到一些容易混淆的國名，可另外參加字母以區(qū)分。如果遇到一些容易混淆的國名，可另外參加字母以區(qū)分。伊拉克伊拉克 Iraq IK 印度印度 India ID伊朗伊朗 Iran IR 印度尼西亞印度尼西亞 Indonesia IN瑞士瑞士 Switzerland Sz 巴基斯坦巴基斯坦 Pakistan PK瑞典瑞典 Sweden SD 巴勒斯坦巴勒斯坦 Palestine PL7. Abbreviations :There

24、 are large numbers of abbreviations both in Chinese and English. They can be used in note-taking, e.g.UN - 聯(lián)合國聯(lián)合國 UNICEF- 聯(lián)合國兒聯(lián)合國兒童基金會童基金會 UNESCO- 聯(lián)合國教科聯(lián)合國教科文組織文組織 APEC- 亞太經(jīng)合組織亞太經(jīng)合組織 ASEAN-東盟東盟 GNP- 國民國民生產(chǎn)總值生產(chǎn)總值 CPC-中國共產(chǎn)黨中國共產(chǎn)黨 OECD-經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與開展組織合作與開展組織 PICC- 中國人民保險公司中國人民保險公司 EU- 歐盟歐盟紐約紐約 - NY 洛杉磯洛杉磯-

25、LA人大人大 - NPC 政協(xié)政協(xié)- CPPCCAbbreviations can also be created with a good reasonv 社會保障體系社會保障體系社保社保 野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)-野區(qū)野區(qū)v 北京市人民政府北京市人民政府-北府北府 物質(zhì)文明和精神文明物質(zhì)文明和精神文明-物物精精v 社會主義制度社會主義制度-社社s 資本主義資本主義- 資資v 四個現(xiàn)代化四個現(xiàn)代化-4M 北京北京-BJv 上海上海-SH 合資企業(yè)合資企業(yè)-JVv Five-Year Plan (五年方案五年方案) 5yP v Foreign Invested Enterprises - F

26、IEv information industry - IT indyv Foreign Direct Investment -FDI Note-taking: Example 1 because every child has the same needs, and the right to a basic education, the right to food, the right to shelter, and the right to basic health and every child needs a friend all same rights ed.shelterhealth

27、need friendNote-taking: Example 2Hungary has complained that its steel exports to the European Union are unable to develop because of excessively restrictive quotas. But the Union representative pointed out that quotas are still underused by Hungary by a large margin, so the quotas themselves didnt

28、appear to be creating the difficulties could be noted down as follows: HU complainedsteel experts to EU cant developbecause too strict tariff quotasBut EU repquotas underused by HU a lot So quotas not prob Note-taking: Example 2 HU: steel experts cannot develop to EU because tariff quotas too restri

29、ctive _ but EU: HU underuses a lot quotas so quotas not problemExample 3原文vAs an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans./ We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese C

30、olleagues due to our different cultural traditions. / I cant say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. After all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management./ in recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management. v 例3 (筆記v美 經(jīng) 中美合企 2 年 I 說dif bus.man.中美/ we 更 直率 比 中 不同文傳/ I x 我 bus. + 畢有 + & - both/ 近年 美企