20096至201212六級(jí)閱讀題及答案

1、2009年6月英語六級(jí)閱讀真題PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles侮龜)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings幼

2、龜)downtothewatersedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,youdthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.ButNatureisind

3、ifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,

4、amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfromthreatened”toendangeredmeaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromu

5、s,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheocea

6、nfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheiregg

7、sarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs催龍)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡

8、2上作答。51. Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.A. humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurviveB. effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingoutC. governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtlesextinctionD. marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtlesreproductionWhatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindif

9、ferenttohumannotionsoffairness(Line1,Para.2)?A. Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.B. Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.C. Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.D. Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.52. Whatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurv

10、ivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?A. Theirinadequatefoodsupply.B. Unregulatedcommercialfishing.C. Theirlowerreproductivelyability.D. Contaminationofseawater53. Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?A. Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.B. Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultf

11、ortheireggstohatch.C. Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.D. Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.54. Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto.A. persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtlesB. stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotectedC. callforeffectivemeasure

12、stoensureseaturtlessurvivalD. warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspeciesPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebtto

13、fundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotestatthe“l(fā)abourketpremiumtoskillortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthatsgreadthothanwhathighgraduateearneddecrease

14、dformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance很復(fù)性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.Theresnoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrange

15、variationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesntcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-s

16、tatestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersarentevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproductlikeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactors

17、toconsider.Aswithautomobiles,consumersinbdayscollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanou

18、t-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlik

19、eastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworldshottestconsumertrend,maybeitsbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(昆合動(dòng)力汽車);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。55. Whatstheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?A. Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedonc

20、ampussocializing.B. Itdoesntpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.C. Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.D. Goingtocollegedoesntnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.56. ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,.A. enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyall

21、AmericancollegesanduniversitiesB. thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduatesC. competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantodayD. thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed57. Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan.A. savemoreontuitionB. receivea

22、bettereducationC. takemoreliberal-artscoursesD. avoidtravelinglongdistances58. Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents.A. regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestmentB. placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollegeC. thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollegeD. considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct59. Whatisthechie

23、fconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?A. Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.B. Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.C. Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.D. Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.2009年12月英語六級(jí)閱讀真題PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcareb

24、ills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachb

25、yemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries年醫(yī)保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysiciansta

26、kingcareofyoudoesntguaraibettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe

27、sreimbursed費(fèi)用）.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatientsdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminate

28、lycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarentblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursem

29、entdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursements

30、ystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddiffer

31、encebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.Wereatapointwhereprimarycaresineededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?51. Theauhorschiefconc

32、ernaboutthecurrentUhealthcaresystemis.A) theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansC)theever-risinghealthcarecostsB) thedecliningnumberofdoctorsD)theshrinkingprimarycareresources.52. Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat.A) seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsB) visitingdoctorsonaregul

33、arbasisensuresgoodhealthC) themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetterD) themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure.53. Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto.A) seemorepatientsattheexpenseofqualityB) improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC) make

34、variousdealswithspecialistsD) increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime54. Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A) Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.B) Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C) Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.D) Primarycarephysicianscommandless

35、respect.55. Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A) Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.B) Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.C) Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.D) Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians

36、.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenationsschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly俏鳴得意）greenvillag

37、eofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecityspublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratorysworthofheavymetalslikemangan

38、ese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxicrecess.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活躍分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteel-

39、castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildrenshealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdo

40、esitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtodaysparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidsswfeetheritspossibletokeepthemsa

41、fe-inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.esa“Theresnowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildrenhatmlneaytburchoitfescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouarentgoingtoknowiftheydo.A2004report

42、hejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.Itsthedangersparentscantandmayneverquantifythatoccurallofasudden.ThatswhyIveridmyvelivedblocksfromamajorfaultfl

43、jh（）formoretboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.cupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughIthan12years,Istillhaven注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。56. WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A) ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.B) Th

44、eairqualityaroundBerkeleysschoolcampusesispoor.C) Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.D) HeavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildrenhealthinBerkeley.57. WhatresponsedidUSATodaysreportdraw?A) Popularsupport.C)Aheateddebate.B) Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.58. Howdidparentsfeelinthef

45、aceoftheexpertsstudies?A) Theydidntknowwhotobelieve.C)Theywerentconvincedoftheresults.B) Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.D)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.59. Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics?A) Parentsshouldbeawareofchildrenshealthhazards.B) Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.C

46、) Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.D) Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.60. Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom.A) theuncertainC)thequantifiableB) anearthquakeD)unhealthyfood2010年6月英語六級(jí)閱讀真題PassageOneQuestions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpas

47、sage.Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.IwasntsurprisedwhenthisdidntmakethenewshereintheUnitedStateswerenowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsu

48、chapolicy.TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeksunpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitasgo

49、vernment-runpersonnelmanagementandadangerousprecedent.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgo

50、odthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereisnoexitwhenitcomestochildren.Societyexpectsandneedsparentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecaret

51、hathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpectsandneedbparentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousrea

52、sonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildrenwelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiverespo

53、nsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue積累)tothewholeofsocietyastodayschildrenbecometomorrowsproductivecitizenry公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequa

54、lto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.IftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefrtsastheyclearlydLthebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。51. Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?A) Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.B)

55、 IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.C) ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.D) ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.52. Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?A) TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.B) TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.C) Thel

56、ackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.D) Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.53. WhatisProfessorAnneAlstottsargumentforparentalsupport?A) ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.B) Goodparentingbenefitssociety.C) TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.D) Childrenneedcontinuouscare.54. Whatdo

57、estheauthorthinkofAmericaslargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildrenswelfare?A) TheyfailtoensurechildrenshealthygrowthB) ThefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparentsC) Theyemphasizeparentslegalresponsibilities.D) Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.55. Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonal

58、choice?A) Itisregardedasalegalobligation.B) Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.C) Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.D) Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwoQuestions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattodaysyouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Buttheresnoeasywaytos