航空工程英語基礎(chǔ)

1、ESSENTIAL（基礎(chǔ)） ENGLISH OFAERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING航 空 工 程 英 語 基 礎(chǔ)LESSON 1 THE B737 FUSELAGE機體一、生詞飛機Airplane半硬殼式Semi-monocoque機身Fuselage起落架Landing gear動力裝置Power plant支柱Strut分為Divide into包括Contain天線Antenna玻璃纖維Fiberglass蜂窩狀物Honeycomb整流罩Fairing鉸鏈Hinge壓力密封隔板Bulkhead駕駛艙flight compartment進口Entry機上廚房Galley登機梯

2、Airstair電子設備艙Electronic equipment bay檢修口Access door旅客艙Passenger cabin貨艙Cargo逃逸Escape艙口Hatch空間Space燃油箱Fuel tank終止Terminate輔助動力裝置Auxiliary power unit水平安定面Horizontal stabilizer桁架Truss排出Exhaust設計Design和一樣The same as伸長stretch延伸Extension脊鰭Dorsal fin增強Strengthen相對于relative to 滑軌Skid結(jié)構(gòu)structure修改revise二、TEX

3、T(1) the B737 is a low wing airplane. B737 has semi-monocoque fuselage and fully retractable landing gear. Two power plants are located under the wings on short struts.波音737是一種下單翼飛機。它擁有半硬殼式機身和全收式起落架。兩臺發(fā)動機位于機翼下方短支架上。(2) The 737-300 fuselage is divided into four sections: section 41 , section 43 , sec

4、tion 46 and section 48 .波音737機體為為四部分：41、43、46和48.(3) Section 41 contains the radar antenna behind a fiberglass honeycomb fairing, hinged at the top. aft of the pressure bulkhead, above the floor, are the flight compartment and forward air stair and its door, and the electronic equipment bay .this se

5、ction has two lower access doors.41部分包括鉸接在蜂窩狀玻璃纖維雷達罩后面頂部的雷達天線、壓力隔板后方及地板上方區(qū)域是駕駛艙和前登機梯及其門，還有電子設備艙。這部分有兩個下檢修口。(4) Section 43 contains the passenger cabin and the forward cargo compartment.43部分包括客艙和前貨艙。(5) Section 46 contain the center and aft portion of the passenger cabin ,two over wing escape hatches

6、 and aft entry and service doors. The space below the floor includes the wing center section (fuel tank), air-conditioning bays, wheel well, hydraulic bay and aft cargo compartment. this section terminates at the aft pressure bulkhead.46部分包括客艙中后部，兩個逃生艙及入口和服務門。地板下的空間包括中央油箱、空調(diào)艙、輪艙、液壓艙和后貨艙。這部分終止于后壓力隔板。

7、(6) Section 48 contains the auxiliary power unit(APU) and horizontal stabilizer truss. Access to this section is through a door on the left side. Aft of which is the APU access door and APU exhaust.48部分包括輔助動力裝置和水平安定面桁架?？梢酝ㄟ^左側(cè)口蓋接近。在它們的后面是APU檢修口和APU排氣口。(7) The 737-300 is the same basic design as the 7

8、37-200, with a body stretch of 104 inches, a wing tip extension of 14 inches, a horizontal tail extension of 36 inches, a larger dorsal fin and strengthened stabilizer.737-300與737-200具有相同的基本設計，機體伸長了104英寸，翼尖延伸了14英寸，水平尾翼延伸了36英寸，還多了個大的脊鰭和增強的水平尾翼。(8) The 737-400, relative to the 737-300, has body stretc

9、h of 120 inches, two additional over wing exit, tail skid, and strengthened landing gear.737-400與737-300相比較，機身伸長了120英寸，多了兩個逃生出口，尾部滑軌及加強了起落架。(9) The 737-500 uses the 737-300 basic structure with a 94 inches shorter body and a revised forward and aft fairing (wing to body).737-500使用了737-300的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，機身短了9

10、4英寸，并且修改了前后整流罩（機翼到機體）。LESSON 2 THE PNEUMATICS SYSYTEM 增壓系統(tǒng)一、生詞目的Purpose壓縮空氣compressure Air 壓縮空氣pneumatic環(huán)境Environment階段，相位Phase得到Obtain發(fā)動機引氣Engine bleed外部的External車Cart接頭Connector整流罩Cowl熱的Thermal防冰Anti-icing也，此外Also提供provide飲用水Potable water液壓的Hydraulic啟動器Starter在之內(nèi)Within正常的Normal取代Substitute滿足Meet需要

11、，要求Need上部、頂部Top圖形Figure絕緣Isolation活門Valve管道Duct結(jié)合、連接Join交叉、跨接crossover管理、調(diào)整govern適當?shù)腁ppropriate二、TEXT(1) the purpose of the pneumatic system is to supply compressed air for a controlled temperature and pressure environment during all phases of flight and ground operation .air is obtained from engine

12、 bleeds. APU、or from an external ground cart through a connector located on the fuselage.增壓系統(tǒng)的作用是為飛行及地面所有階段的溫度和壓力控制提供壓縮空氣。壓縮空氣的來源可以是發(fā)動機引氣、APU、或通過機身上的連接頭與地面氣源車相連供氣。(2) The pneumatic system controls the temperature and the pressure of engine bleed air source. The pneumatic system provides high tempera

13、ture, high pressure air for the air conditioning .pressurization, wing and cowl thermal anti-icing .also, the pneumatic system provides pressure for the potable water system, hydraulic system and engine starters. The engine bleed air systems are located on the engine and within the support strut.增壓引

14、氣控制發(fā)動機引氣的溫度和壓力。增壓系統(tǒng)為空調(diào)、增壓系統(tǒng)、機翼及整流罩熱防冰系統(tǒng)提供高溫、高壓引氣。同時，增壓系統(tǒng)還給飲用水系統(tǒng)、液壓系統(tǒng)和發(fā)動機起動系統(tǒng)提供壓力。發(fā)動機引氣系統(tǒng)位于支架內(nèi)部發(fā)動機上。(3) The normal cabin air source is obtained from the 5th-stage of the engines at low engine power, 9th-stage air automatically substitutes to meet user system needs.正常情況下，客艙空氣來自于發(fā)動機低能量的第5級，9級空氣自動分配以滿足用

15、戶系統(tǒng)的需要。(4) On the top of figure 2-1, the isolation valve separates the left and right halves of the system. On the left side of the isolation valve, the APU bleed air duct joins the left side crossover duct; on the right side ,the pneumatic ground service connector joins the right side crossover duc

16、t. From these ducts the user system are supplied with pressurized air ,governed by the appropriate control valves.在圖2-1的上方，隔離活門將左右系統(tǒng)分隔成獨立的兩部分。在隔離活門的左邊，APU引氣管道立連接著左交輸管道；在右邊，壓縮空氣地面接頭連接右交輸管道。用戶系統(tǒng)可以從這些管道獲得壓縮空氣，通過適當?shù)目刂苹铋T進行控制。LESSON 3 AIR CONDINTION空調(diào)系統(tǒng)一、單詞空氣調(diào)節(jié)Air conditioning 環(huán)境Ambient機組Crew加熱heat冷卻Cool增

17、壓Pressurization引出，放出Bled總管道Manifold分離Separate獨立的Independent冷卻組件Cooling pack調(diào)節(jié)，管理regulate暖，熱Worm減少Reduce期望Desire渦輪冷卻器Air cycle machine整的Integral包括Consist of 共同的Common軸Shaft離開Leave膨脹VExpand膨脹NExpansion下降Drop零下Sub-zero分配Distribute此外In addition配平空氣管道Trim air line混合Mix室、容器Chamber加上，增加Add頭頂上Overhead豎管Rais

18、e收集器Collector防護罩Shroud過濾器Filter排出口Discharge再分配Redistribute二等分halve二、TEXT(1) the air conditioning system provides a conditioned air environment for the passengers and crew , heats the cargo compartment, cools the electronic equipment, and supplies air for the pressurization system.空調(diào)系統(tǒng)為旅客和機組提供環(huán)境溫度的控制

19、，為客艙供熱，為電子設備艙降溫，還有為增壓系統(tǒng)提供空氣。(2) Air is bled from the pneumatic manifold and conditioned by 2 separate and independent cooling packs. Air flow into the packs is regulated by the pack valves. 空氣從增壓主管道和空調(diào)中通過2個隔離的，相互獨立的冷卻組件中被引入。空氣流進組件中通過組件活門調(diào)節(jié)。(3) Air from the pneumatic manifold is too warm and must be

20、cooled. The pupose of 2 packs is to reduce engine bleed air temperature to the desired temperature.從增壓主管道中來的空氣太熱，需要降溫。兩個組件的作用就是將發(fā)動機引氣溫度降低到需要的溫度。(4) An air cycle machine is an integral unit of each cooling pack. The air cycle machine consists of a turbine wheel and a compressor wheel mounted on a com

21、mon shaft. Air flowing through the air cycle machine drives the turbine, the turbine drives the compressor section. As the air leaves the turbine it expands greatly. This expansion can cause the temperature of the air to drop to sub-zero levels.渦輪冷卻器是構(gòu)成每個冷卻組件所必需的。它包括一個渦輪和一個壓氣機，安裝在共同的軸上。氣流通過渦輪冷卻器驅(qū)動渦輪

22、，渦輪驅(qū)動壓氣機部分。當空氣離開渦輪后急劇膨脹。這種膨脹能夠?qū)е驴諝鉁囟冉档搅愣纫韵碌某潭取?5) In figure 3-1, we can see that the conditioned air from the right pack flows into the main distribution manifold, the conditioned air from the left pack flows into the main distribution manifold and into the flight compartment. In addition, a trim ai

23、r line from the left mix chamber adds hot air to the flight compartment duct. The main distribution manifold supplies the passenger compartment overhead distribution system through tow sidewall risers. 在圖3-1中，我們可以看出，調(diào)節(jié)空氣從右組件流向主分配管道，還有調(diào)節(jié)空氣從左組件流向主分配管道和進入駕駛艙。另外，從左混合艙出來的配平空氣管道增加熱空氣給駕駛艙管道。主分配管道通過兩個側(cè)壁豎管供氣

24、給客艙頂部分配系統(tǒng)。(6) A 3-phase fan draws air from the collector shroud through filters and discharges into the main distribution manifold for redistribution.一個三相風扇從收集器防護罩穿過過；濾器和排出口進入主分配管道，用以再分配。LESSON 4 PRESSURIZATION INTRODUCTION增壓系統(tǒng)簡介一、單詞組件Pack控制Control座艙高度Cabin altitude外流閥Outflow valve保持Maintain盡可能的As a

25、s possible目的地destination安全的Safe舒適的Comfortable曲線Curve對時間的Against time起飛Takeoff巡航Cruise虛線Dotted line實線Solid line爬升Ascend下降Descent近Near環(huán)境ambient減小decrease變化率rate確定、決定Determine大氣Atmosphere例子Example磅/英寸Psi=pound per square inch參照By referring圖表Chart描繪Depict與的關(guān)系曲線versus稱之為Is referred to as 制度System水銀mercur

26、y毫巴Millibar相等的identical施加exert排出exhaust向機艙外outboard二、TEXT(1) the air conditioning packs supply conditioned air into pressurization system. the pressurization system controls cabin altitude by regulating air flow from the fuselage, through the outflow valve. The pressurization system maintains cabin

27、altitude as close to sea level as possible or at an altitude equal to the altitude of the flight destination, so the pressurization system provides a safe comfortable cabin altitude for the crew and passenger at all airplane altitude.空調(diào)組件為增壓系統(tǒng)提供調(diào)節(jié)空氣。增壓系統(tǒng)通過調(diào)節(jié)機身氣流控制客艙高度，通過外流閥，增壓系統(tǒng)保持客艙高度盡可能的接近海平面或等于飛行目

28、的地高度，這樣增壓系統(tǒng)可為機組和旅客在整個飛行過程中提供一個安全舒適的客艙高度。(2) Figure 4-2 shows a curve of airplane and cabin altitude against time from take off through cruise to landing . airplane altitude is shown in dotted line. Cabin altitude is shown in solid line. The airplane starts its flight at an airport altitude near sea

29、level, ascends, cruises, and descends to a landing airport near sea level.圖4-2顯示為飛機和坐艙高度在起飛、巡航及著陸階段的時間曲線。飛機高度顯示為虛線，坐艙高度顯示為實線。飛機以接近海平面的機場高度開始飛行、爬升、巡航、下降和接近海平面的機場著陸。(3) Cabin altitude starts at the take off altitude. As the airplane climb, the ambient pressure decreases; the higher the altitude, the l

30、ower the pressure. The altitude inside the airplane (cabin altitude)also climbs but at a lower rate than the airplane. The pressurization system provides the pressure differential between the cabin and ambient. 客趁高度開始于起飛高度。當飛機爬升時，環(huán)境壓力減小，高度越高，壓力越低。飛機內(nèi)部高度（坐艙高度）也以一個低于飛機的速率爬升。增壓系統(tǒng)提供客艙與外界環(huán)境之間的壓力差。(4) The

31、 airplane altitude above sea level is determined by measuring the pressure of the ambient atmosphere. For example, see figure4-3, at 30,000 feet above sea level the ambient pressure would be 4.36 psi. the cabin altitude can be measured by adding the ambient pressure to the 7.80 psid maintained in si

32、de the airplane by the pressurization system: ambient pressure 4.36 psi at 30,000 ft.Pressure differential 7.80psid 12.16psiby referring to the chart depicting ambient pressure versus altitude, if the ambient pressure is 12.16psi, the cabin altitude would be 5150 ft (see figure 4-3).飛機高度可通過測量環(huán)境大氣的壓力

33、來測得。例如：圖4-3，在高于海平面3萬英尺的環(huán)境壓力為4.36PSI。客艙高度可通過環(huán)境壓力加7.8PSID來測得，7.8PSID由增壓系統(tǒng)保持：環(huán)境壓力：4.36PSI 30000FT壓力差；7.8PSID坐艙壓力：4.36+7.8=12.16PSID參照圖表描述環(huán)境壓力高度曲線，如果環(huán)境壓力是12.16PSID，客艙 高度將是5150英尺（圖4-3）(5) the cabin pressure is referred to as “psid” and indicates the differential pressure, in pounds per square inch , betw

34、een inside and outside of the airplane. There are many systems for measuring pressure and “psi” is only one .airplane systems measure pressure in inches of mercury and millibars; these indications are identical to 14.7psi as a measurement of the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at sea level.客艙壓力被稱

35、為“PSID”并用“磅/英尺”指出壓力差，在飛機內(nèi)外，有許多系統(tǒng)可測量壓力，“PSI”只是其中之一。飛機系統(tǒng)用英寸水銀或毫巴來測量壓力；這些指示等同于受到海平面大氣壓力14.7PSI。(6) The pressure control systems provide cabin differential pressure by controlling the outflow of air from the fuselage. The pressure control system consists of an aft outflow valve, forward outflow valve, p

36、ressure controller, control panel, pressure sensing inputs, and monitoring indicators.壓力控制系統(tǒng)通過控制機外氣流來提供客艙壓力差。壓力控制系統(tǒng)包括一個外流閥、前外流閥、壓力控制器、控制面板、壓力傳感器和監(jiān)視器。(7) The aft outflow valve allowing cabin air to exhaust overboard to maintain cabin pressure. The forward outflow valve receives a control signal from

37、the aft outflow valve . when the aft outflow valve is closed, the forward outflow valve receives a signal to drive full closed.后外流閥允許客艙空氣排出到機外以保持客艙壓力。前外流閥接收一個從后外流閥來的控制信號。當后外流閥被關(guān)閉時，前外流閥接收又個信號驅(qū)使完全關(guān)閉。LESSON 5 FIRE DETECTION火警探測一、單詞火警探測Fire detection在周圍Around組件Pack監(jiān)控Monitor存在Exist泄漏Leak部件Component警告Alar

38、m報警器horn過熱Overheat鈴聲Bell規(guī)定Specify發(fā)生Occur聽覺Aural在之下beneath面板Panel器件device與相對應Respond to 機翼Wing滅火器Extinguish盆basin廁所Lavatory瓶Bottle擦手紙斜槽Tower chute可選的optional角落Corner特征feature輪子wheel可用的Available放出discharge位置Location完成Accomplish元件element天花板Ceiling二、TEXT(1) the fire detection systems monitor airplane co

39、mponents for overheat, fire or smoke condition. Engine and APU fire and overheat indication occurs on the P8 and P7 panels. Wing and body duct overheat warning occurs on the P5 and P7 panels. Lavatory smoke detection indication is an optional feature that is available. Indication can occur at the la

40、vatory location and or on the P5 panel.火警探測系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控飛機組件的過熱、失火或煙霧等情況。發(fā)動機和APU過熱和失火指示出現(xiàn)在P8或P7板上。機翼和機身管道過熱警告出現(xiàn)在P5或P7板上。廁所煙霧探測指示是一個可選裝配件。指示能夠出現(xiàn)在廁所位置或P5板上。(2) Engine fire and overheat detection is provided by detector elements located around the engine. The engine and APU fire detection accessory unit M279, l

41、ocated in the E/E bay determines if a fire or overheat condition exists. When detected indications occur in the flight deck an alarm bell is provided by the aural warning devices unit M315 for a fire condition. The two engine fire extinguisher bottles are located on the upper left aft corner of the

42、main wheel well and are discharged from the flight deck.發(fā)動機失火和過熱信號探測由安裝在發(fā)動機周圍的探測元件提供。發(fā)動機和APU火警探測組件M279，安裝在電子設備艙，用于判斷是否有失火或過熱情況發(fā)生。當在飛機蒙皮探測到火警信號時，音響警告設備M315將給出一個警告鈴聲。兩臺發(fā)動機滅火瓶安裝在主輪艙左下方后角處，并從處釋放。(3) The APU detectors sense fire conditions only. Monitoring of the sensors is accomplished by the M279. indi

43、cations occur on the P28 panel in the wheel well and also in the flight deck. The APU fire bottle is located behind the aft pressure bulkhead and is discharged either from the flight deck or P28 panel.APU探測器只感應火警信號。傳感器的監(jiān)控由M279完成。指示出現(xiàn)在P28板在主輪艙和FLIGHT DECK。 APU滅火瓶后壓力隔板上，并通過P28板或FLIGH DECK釋放。(4) Wheel

44、well fire detection is provided by detector elements mounted on the wheel well ceiling. The detectors provide input to the M237 module located in the E/E bay. Indications occur on the P7 and P8 panels and an alarm bell is provided by the M315 module.輪艙火警探測由安裝在輪艙天花板上的探測元件來提供。探測器提供信號給安裝在電子設備艙的M237組件。指

45、示信號出現(xiàn)在P7和P8板上，警告鈴聲由M315組件提供。(5) The wing and body overheat detection system exists to monitor the pneumatic system for leaks . the detection system is divided into a left and right system. The detectors provide input to the M237 module. Overheat indication occurs on the P5 and P7 panels.機翼和機身過熱探測系統(tǒng)監(jiān)

46、控增壓系統(tǒng)有無滲漏。探測系統(tǒng)分為左右兩部分。探測器提供信號給M237組件。過熱指示信號出現(xiàn)在P5和P7板上。(6) The lavatory smoke detector is located in each lavatory, the detector will provide a warning horn and indication at a specified smoke level .located in each lavatory, beneath the wash basin, is a fire extinguisher bottle which responds to hig

47、h temperature in the tower chute.廁所煙霧探測器安裝在每個廁所里，探測器將在規(guī)定的煙霧層度發(fā)出警告信號。滅火瓶安裝在每個廁所，洗手池下面，可以對擦手紙斜槽里的高溫情況作出響應。LESSON 6 OXYGEN SYSTEM氧氣系統(tǒng)一、單詞氧氣Oxygen要求、命令Acquire單獨的independent安裝Install氣態(tài)的Gaseous稱為designate稀釋器Diluter要求Demand化學上Chemically服務員Attendant氣缸Cylinder旅客服務設備Passengers service unit面罩Mask切斷Shut off數(shù)量Qu

48、antity壓強計Gage即使In a event of排出Vent緊急情況Emergence鎖定Latch釋放Release作動筒Actuator機構(gòu)Mechanism開動，啟動activate自動地automatically人工地manually二、TEXT(1) the purpose of the oxygen system is to provide oxygen for the flight crew and passengers when required. Two independent oxygen system are installed in B737. the flig

49、ht crew oxygen system is a high pressure gaseous system for flight crew use only, this type of system is designated a “diluter demand” system . The passenger oxygen system is a chemically-generated oxygen system for use by passengers and cabin attendants. This type of system is designated a “continu

50、ous flow” system.氧氣系統(tǒng)用來為機組及旅客提供氧氣。B737上安裝有兩套氧氣系統(tǒng)。機組氧氣系統(tǒng)是一個僅供機組使用的高壓氣態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這種系統(tǒng)被稱為“稀釋要求”系統(tǒng)。旅客氧氣系統(tǒng)是一供旅客及乘務員使用個化學制氧系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng)被稱為“continuous flow”系統(tǒng)。(2) The flight crew oxygen system consists of an oxygen cylinder. Valves, indicating components, distribution tubing and oxygen mask/regulator. The crew oxygen

51、system components are located in the forward cargo compartment and in the flight compartment.機組氧氣系統(tǒng)包括一個氧氣瓶，閥門，指示組件，分配管道及氧氣面罩/調(diào)節(jié)器。機組氧氣系統(tǒng)組件安裝在前客艙和駕駛艙內(nèi)。(3) Oxygen flows through the pressure reducing regulator and shut off valve to the masks. Quantity (pressure) indication is provided by a gage in the f

52、light compartment. In the event of an overpressure, the cylinder is vented to ambient through the overboard discharge. The cylinder is serviced after removal from the aircraft. 氧氣通過減壓調(diào)節(jié)器和關(guān)斷活門流向氧氣面罩。流量指示由駕駛艙內(nèi)的壓強計指示。一旦過壓，氣瓶將通過頂部釋放開關(guān)進行釋壓。氣瓶應從飛機上取下進行勤務。(4) The passenger oxygen system provides an emergen

53、cy oxygen supply to the passengers and attendants, this system consists of passenger service units, control and indication. These service units contain the mask box, door latch release actuator, latching mechanism, chemical oxygen generator and oxygen mask.旅客氧氣系統(tǒng)為旅客及乘務員提供應急氧氣，系統(tǒng)包括旅客服務設備，控制及指示器。這個服務設

54、備包括氧氣面罩盒、門鎖釋放作動筒，鎖定機械裝置、氧氣發(fā)生器及氧氣面罩。(5) The passenger oxygen system can be activated automatically by high cabin altitude (low cabin pressure) or manually from the flight compartment.旅客氧氣系統(tǒng)能夠被較高的客艙高度自動啟動，也能在駕駛艙人工啟動。LESSON 7 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION防冰、防雨一、單詞雨Rain保護Protect幫助Aid為而提供Is provided for雨刷Wiper

55、防雨劑Repellent葉片Vane衛(wèi)生間Toilet排放Drain視線Vision皮托靜壓Pitot static探頭Probe迎角葉片Alpha vane支柱管Mast堆積Buildup碰撞Impact強度Strengthen霧Fog導電的conductive涂層coating暴露expose氣流Air stream形成Formatting結(jié)冰Freeze原因Cause出故障的Faulty損失Loss槽Sink嵌入Embed墊圈gasket裝置Fitting與結(jié)合在一起Are integrated with二、TEXT(1) the ice and rain protection syst

56、em protects the airplane and aids the flight crew when operating under ice and rain conditions. Ice and rain protection is provided for:1) wing leading edge slats outboard of each engine.2) Flight compartment windows (heat, wiper, rain repellent).3) Pitot static and temperature probes.4) Alpha vanes.5) Toile