土木工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯[1]

1、1.建筑專(zhuān)業(yè)1. ARCHITECTUREa.設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)DESIGN BASIS b.設(shè)計(jì)階段DESIGN STAGEc.氣象條件CLIMATE CONDITION d. 常用房間名稱(chēng)GENERAL ROOM NAMEe. 屋面及天棚ROOFING & CEILINGf. 墻體(外墻板) WALL(CLADDING)g. 地面及地溝FLOOR & TRENCHh.門(mén)、玻璃、窗及五金件DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)I.樓梯、休息平臺(tái)及電梯 STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)j.建筑材料詞匯及短語(yǔ) BUILD

2、ING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES磚和瓦【 Bricks and Tiles 】灰、砂和石【Lime, Sand and Stone】 水泥、砂漿和混凝土【Cement, Mortar and Concrete】飾面及粉刷材料【Facing And Plastering Materials】瀝青和石棉【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos】木材【Timber】金屬材料【Metallic Materials 】有色金屬【Non-Ferrous Metal 】防腐蝕材料【Anti-Corrosion Materials】建筑五金【Building

3、Hardware 】油漆【Paint 】k.其他建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 專(zhuān)業(yè)【Discipline 】一般術(shù)語(yǔ)【Conventional Terms】建筑物理【Architectural Physics】職務(wù)名稱(chēng)【Name Of Professional role】制圖【Drafting】2.結(jié)構(gòu)專(zhuān)業(yè)2. STRUCTURE a. 負(fù)載 LOAD b.地基和基礎(chǔ) GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION c.鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu) REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE d.鋼結(jié)構(gòu) STEEL STRUCTURE e.抗震設(shè)計(jì)

4、DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMICf. 設(shè)計(jì)常用詞匯GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGNg.施工常用詞匯 GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION a. 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)DESIGN BASIS計(jì)劃建議書(shū) planning proposals設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) design order標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范standards and codes條件圖information drawing設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)資料basic data for design工藝流程圖 process flow chart工程地質(zhì)資料engineering geological data原始資料original da

5、ta設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度 schedule of designb. 設(shè)計(jì)階段STAGE OF DESIGN方案 scheme；draft草圖 sketch會(huì)談紀(jì)要summary of discussion, minutes of meeting談判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步設(shè)計(jì) preliminary design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì) basic design詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì) detail design詢(xún)價(jià)圖enquiry drawing施工圖working drawing, construction drawing竣工圖 as built drawingc. 氣象條件CLIMAT

6、E CONDITION日照 sunshine風(fēng)玫瑰wind rose主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)風(fēng)速maximum (mean) wind velocity風(fēng)荷載 wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷擊及閃電 thunder and lightning颶風(fēng)hurricane臺(tái)風(fēng)typhoon旋風(fēng)cyclone降雨強(qiáng)度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual rainfall濕球溫度wet bulb temperature干球溫度 dry bulb temperature冰凍期frost

7、period冰凍線 frost line 冰凍區(qū)frost zone室外計(jì)算溫度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地區(qū) region with heating provision不采暖地區(qū) region without heating provision絕對(duì)大氣壓absolute atmospheric pressure相對(duì)濕度 relative humidity d.常用房間名稱(chēng)GENERAL ROOM NAME服務(wù)用房service room換班室shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bath

8、room淋浴間 shower更衣室locker room廁所lavatory門(mén)廳 lobby診室 clinic工作間 workshop電氣開(kāi)關(guān)室 switchroom走廊corridor檔案室 archive電梯機(jī)房 lift motor room會(huì)議室(正式) conference room衣柜間 ward robe暖風(fēng)間 H.V.A.C room接待處 reception area會(huì)計(jì)室 accountant room秘書(shū)室 secretary room電氣室 electrical room控制室 control room工長(zhǎng)室 foreman office開(kāi)關(guān)柜室 switch gear

9、前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生產(chǎn)區(qū) production area馬達(dá)控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化驗(yàn)室laboratory room經(jīng)理室 manager room披 屋(閣樓) penthouse警衛(wèi)室 guard housee. 屋面及天棚ROOFING AND CEILING女兒墻 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水線 water-shed二氈三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油氈一層extra ply of felt檐口 eave

10、挑檐 overhanging eave檐溝 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)匯水面積 catchment area泛水flashing內(nèi)排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage屋面排水 roof drainage找平層 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚ceiling檁條 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水層water-proof cours

11、e檢查孔 inspection hole人孔 ; 探空manhole吊頂suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗簾盒)cornicef.墻體(外墻板) WALL (CLADDING) 磚墻 brick wall砌塊墻block wall清水磚墻 brick wall without plastering抹灰墻 rendered wall石膏板墻 gypsum board, plaster board空心磚墻 hollow brick wall承重墻 bearing wall非承重墻 non-bearing wall縱墻 longitudinal wall橫墻tr

12、ansverse wall外墻 external (exterior) wall內(nèi)墻internal (interior) wall填充墻 filler wall防火墻 fire wall窗間墻 wall between window空心墻 cavity wall壓頂 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔斷 glazed wall防潮層 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮陽(yáng)板sunshade陽(yáng)臺(tái)balcony伸縮縫 expansion joint沉降縫 settlement joint抗震縫 seismic joint復(fù)合夾心板sandwich boar

13、d壓型單板corrugated single steel plate外墻板 cladding panel復(fù)合板 composite panel輕質(zhì)隔斷 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket磚煙囪 brick chimney勒腳(基座) plinthg. 地面及地溝FLOOR AND TRENCH地坪 grade地面和樓面ground and floor素土夯實(shí)rammed earth爐渣夯實(shí)tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯實(shí)tamped backfill墊層 bedding course, blinding面層 covering, f

14、inish結(jié)合層 bonding (binding) course找平層 leveling course素水泥漿結(jié)合層 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor機(jī)器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring馬賽克地面 mosaic flooring瓷磚地面 ceramic tile flooring油地氈地面linoleum flooring預(yù)制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard

15、-wood parquet flooring擱柵joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor鋼筋混凝土樓板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌條 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水溝 gully集水口 gulley排水溝 drainage trench溝蓋板 trench cover活動(dòng)蓋板 remova

16、ble cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻邊 hole up stand電纜溝 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 門(mén)、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (鋼)門(mén) wooden (steel) door鑲板門(mén) panelled door夾板門(mén) plywood door鋁合金門(mén) aluminum alloy door卷簾門(mén) roller shutter door彈簧門(mén) swing door推拉門(mén) sliding door平開(kāi)門(mén) side-hung door折疊門(mén) folding door旋轉(zhuǎn)門(mén) revolving

17、 door玻璃門(mén) glazed door密閉門(mén) air-Tight door保溫門(mén)thermal insulating door鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門(mén)galvanized steel wire mesh door防火門(mén) fire door(大門(mén)上的)小門(mén) wicket門(mén)框 door frame門(mén)扇 door leaf門(mén)洞door opening結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)洞structural opening單扇門(mén)single door雙扇門(mén) double door疏散門(mén)emergency door紗門(mén) screen door門(mén)檻 door sill門(mén)過(guò)梁 door lintel上冒頭 top rail下冒頭 bottom

18、rail門(mén)邊木 stile門(mén)樘側(cè)料 side jumb槽口 notch百葉窗 (通風(fēng)為主)sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑鋼窗 plastic steel window空腹鋼窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平開(kāi)窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window氣窗 transom上懸窗 top-hung window中懸窗 center-pivoted window下懸窗 hopper window活動(dòng)百葉窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dorme

19、r window密封雙層玻璃 sealed double glazing鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁reinforced concrete lintel鋼筋磚過(guò)梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗臺(tái) window sill窗臺(tái)板 window board窗中梃mullion窗橫木 mutin窗邊木 stile壓縫條cover mould窗簾盒 curtain box合頁(yè)(鉸鏈) hinge (butts)轉(zhuǎn)軸 pivot長(zhǎng)腳鉸鏈 parliament hinge閉門(mén)器 door closer地彈簧 floor closer插銷(xiāo) bolt門(mén)鎖 door lock

20、拉手 pull鏈條 chain門(mén)鉤 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗鉤 window catch暗插銷(xiāo) insert bolt電動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)器 electrical opener 平板玻璃 plate glass夾絲玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防彈玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸熱玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass著色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻

21、璃磚 glass block有機(jī)玻璃 organic glass. I 樓梯、休息平臺(tái)及電梯STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)樓梯間 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋轉(zhuǎn)梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊車(chē)梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread檔步板 riser踏步寬度 tread width防滑條 non-slip insert (strips)欄桿 railing (balustrade)平臺(tái)

22、欄桿 platform railing吊裝孔欄桿 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防護(hù)梯籠 protecting cage (safety cage)平臺(tái) landing (platform)操作平臺(tái) operating platform裝卸平臺(tái)platform for loading & unloading樓梯平臺(tái) stair landing電梯機(jī)房 lift mortar room電梯坑 lift pit電梯井道 lift shaftj. 建筑材料詞匯及短語(yǔ)BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS

23、 AND PHRASES• 磚和瓦Bricks and Tiles 紅磚 red brick粘土磚 clay brick瓷磚 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火磚 fire brick空心磚 hollow brick面磚 facing brick地板磚 flooring tile缸磚 clinkery brick馬賽克 mosaic陶?；炷?ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sh

24、eet• 灰、砂和石 Lime, Sand and Stone石膏 gypsum大理石 marble漢白玉 white marble花崗巖 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠巖 pearlite卵石 cobble礫石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂medium sand細(xì)砂fine sand• 水泥、砂漿和混凝土Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥)Portland cement硅酸鹽水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana

25、cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂漿 cement mortar石灰砂漿 lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿) cement-lime mortar保溫砂漿 thermal mortar防水砂漿 water-proof mortar耐酸砂漿 acid-resistant mortar耐堿砂漿 alkaline-resistant mortar瀝青砂漿 bituminous mortar紙筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰縫 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete鋼筋

26、混凝土 reinforced concrete輕質(zhì)混凝土 lightweight concrete細(xì)石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete瀝青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete爐渣混凝土 cinder concrete 飾面及粉刷材料Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石granitic plaster斬假石 artificial stone刷漿 lime wash可賽銀 casein大白漿 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base噴大白漿兩道spraye

27、d twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂漿cement mortar plaster sectioned板條抹灰 lath and plaster• 瀝青和石棉 Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos瀝青卷材asphalt felt瀝青填料 asphalt filler瀝青膠泥asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer瀝青瑪啼脂 asphaltic mastic瀝青麻絲 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纖維 asbestos fiber• 木材Timbe

28、r 裂縫 crack 透裂split 環(huán)裂 shake 干縮shrinkage 翹曲warping 原木 log 圓木 round timber 方木square timber 板材 plank 木條 batten 板條 lath 木板 board 紅松 red pine 白松 white pine 落葉松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce 樟木 camphor wood 防腐處理的木材preservative-treated lumber 膠合板 plywood 三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood 企口板 tongued and grooved board 層夾板 lam

29、inated plank 膠合層夾木材 glue-laminated lumber 纖維板 fiber-board•金屬材料 Metallic Materials 黑色金屬 ferrous metal圓鋼 steel Bar方鋼 square steel扁鋼 steel atrap型鋼 steel section (shape)槽鋼 channel角鋼 angle steel等邊角鋼 equal-leg angle不等邊角鋼 unequal-leg angle工字鋼 I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字鋼 T-bar (Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼

30、light gauge cold-formed steel shape熱軋hot-rolled冷軋cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷壓cold-pressed合金鋼alloy steel鈦合金titanium alloy不銹鋼 stainless steel竹節(jié)鋼筋 corrugated steel bar變形鋼筋 deformed bar光圓鋼筋 plain round bar鋼板 steel plate薄鋼板 thin steel plate低碳鋼 low carbon steel冷彎 cold bending鋼管 steel pipe (tube)無(wú)縫鋼管 seamles

31、s steel pipe焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe黑鐵管 iron pipe鍍鋅鋼管 galvanized steel pipe鑄鐵 cast iron生鐵 pig iron熟鐵 wrought iron鍍鋅鐵皮 galvanized steel sheet鍍鋅鐵絲galvanized steel wire鋼絲網(wǎng) steel wire mesh多孔金屬網(wǎng) expanded metal錳鋼 lmanaganese steel高強(qiáng)度合金鋼 high strength alloy steel• 有色金屬 Non-Ferrous Metal白金 platinum銅 cop

32、per黃銅 brass青銅 bronze銀 silver鋁 aluminum鉛 lead• 防腐蝕材料Anti-Corrosion Materials聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龍 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸樹(shù)酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡膠內(nèi)襯 rubber lining氯丁橡膠 neoprene瀝青漆 bitumen paint環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化鋅底漆 zinc oxid

33、e primer防銹漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐堿漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate樹(shù)脂砂漿 resin-bonded mortar環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂 epoxy resin• Building Hardware 建筑五金釘子 nails螺紋屋面釘spiral-threaded roofing nail環(huán)紋石膏板釘annular-ring gypsum board nail螺絲 screws平頭螺絲 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial/plain

34、 bolt高強(qiáng)螺栓 high strength bolt預(yù)埋螺栓 insert bolt脹錨螺栓 cinch bolt墊片 washer•油漆 Paint 底漆 primer防銹底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint調(diào)和漆 mixed paint無(wú)光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish銀粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀釋劑 thinner焦油 tar瀝青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil紅丹 red

35、 lead鉛油 lead oil膩?zhàn)?puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)• 專(zhuān)業(yè)Discipline建筑 architecture土木 civil給排水 water supply and drainage總圖 plot plan采暖通風(fēng) H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)電力供應(yīng) electric power supply電氣照明 electric lighting電訊 telecommunication儀表 instrument熱力供應(yīng) heat power suppl

36、y動(dòng)力 mechanical power工藝 process technology管道 piping• 一般通用名詞Conventional Terms 建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture農(nóng)村建筑 rural architecture附屬建筑 auxiliary buildings城市規(guī)劃 city planning廠區(qū)內(nèi) within site廠區(qū)外 off site封閉式 closed type開(kāi)敞式 open type半開(kāi)敞式 sem

37、i-open type模數(shù)制 modular system單位造價(jià) unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor現(xiàn)場(chǎng) site擴(kuò)建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防塵 dust-proof防銹 rust-proof車(chē)流量 traffic volume貨流量 freight traffic volume人流量 pedestria

38、n volume透視圖 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model• 建筑物理 Architectural Physics照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光強(qiáng)light intensity側(cè)光 side light頂光top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth輻射 radiation對(duì)流 convection傳導(dǎo) conduction遮陽(yáng) sun-shade保溫 thermal insulation恒溫

39、constant temperature恒濕 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音sound absorption露點(diǎn)dew point隔汽 vapor-proof 職務(wù)名稱(chēng)Name Of Professional role項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理 project manager (PM)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)理 design manager首席建筑師principal architect總工程師 chief engineer土木工程師 civil engineer工藝工程師 process engineer電氣工程師 electrical engineer機(jī)械工程師 mecha

40、nical engineer計(jì)劃工程師 planning engineer助理工程師 assistant engineer實(shí)習(xí)生 probationer專(zhuān)家 specialist, expert制圖員 draftsman技術(shù)員 technician• 制圖 Drafting總說(shuō)明 general specification工程說(shuō)明 project specification采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范目錄list of standards and specification adopted圖紙目錄 list of drawings平面圖 plan局部放大圖 detail with enlarged

41、 scale平面示意圖 schematic plan of.平剖面圖 sectional plan of.留孔平面圖 plan of provision of holes剖面 section縱剖面longitudinal section橫剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透視圖 perspective drawing側(cè)立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation詳圖 detail drawings典型節(jié)點(diǎn) typical detail節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào) detail No.首頁(yè) front pa

42、ge圖紙目錄及說(shuō)明list of contents and description圖例legend示意圖diagram草圖 sketch荷載簡(jiǎn)圖load diagram流程示意圖 flow diagram標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖standard drawing布置圖.layout of .地形圖topographical map土方工程圖 earth-work drawing展開(kāi)圖 developed drawing模板圖formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程進(jìn)度表 working schedule技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)technical and

43、 economical index建、構(gòu)筑物一覽表list of buildings and structures編號(hào) coding序列號(hào)serial No.行和欄rows and columns備注 remarks等級(jí)grade直線straight Line曲線curves曲折線 zigzag line虛線 dotted line實(shí)線 solid line影線 hatching line點(diǎn)劃線 dot and dash line軸線 axis等高線 contour Line中心線center Line雙曲線hyperbola拋物線 parabola切線 tangent Line尺寸線dime

44、nsion Line園形 round環(huán)形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四邊形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圓圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical拋物面 paraboloid圓錐形 cone橢圓形 ellipse, oblong面積 area體積 volume容量 capacity重量 weight質(zhì)量 mass牛頓/平方米 Newton/square meter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter加侖 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸average dimension變尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展開(kāi)尺寸 developed dimension內(nèi)徑 inside diameter外徑 outside diameter凈重 net weight毛重 gross weig