英漢漢英建筑詞匯

1、目錄content建筑architecture土木工程civil engineering建筑知識building knowledge建筑工地building site建筑機械building machinery結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件structural elements 下部結(jié)構(gòu)substructure上部結(jié)構(gòu)superstructure混凝土工程concrete work鋼筋reinforcement模板工程formwork磚石工程brickwork鋼與金屬結(jié)構(gòu)工程steel-and metalwork木作工程timberwork屋面管道及飾面roofs、plumbing and finishes alp

2、habetical index of建筑技術(shù)名詞索引technical terms in construction建筑architecture房屋建筑structural architecture室內(nèi)建筑interior architecture園林建筑landscape architecture環(huán)境建筑environmental architecture建筑物的一些類型some types of building住宅house home dwelling錯層式住宅split-level house坡地住宅stepped hillside house半獨立式住宅semi-detached ho

3、me聯(lián)列式住宅區(qū)terrace-house development別墅bungalow cottage 公寓flat apartment 單身公寓bachelor棚屋shack shanty shed hut娛樂中心recreation center室內(nèi)游泳池indoor swimming pool多層建筑multi-storey block 高層建筑high-rise block商業(yè)建筑business premises建筑師承擔以下工作an architect renders the following services設計design初步設計preliminary design施工設計f

4、inal design草圖sketch 圖紙drawing鋼筋混凝土梁設計design of a reinforced concrete beam質(zhì)量管理supervision現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量管理site supervision工程質(zhì)量管理project supervision預算師quantity surveyors預算師的工作a quantity surveyors service are 概預算estimates確定工作量determination of quantities編制工程量表preparation of bills of quantities組織投標request for tende

5、rs(quotations、bids)簽訂合同award of contracts結(jié)算accounting設計工作一覽表list of planning work performed by由建筑師承擔的工作the architect方案草圖preliminary sketch初步設計preliminary design位置圖key plan、block plan總體規(guī)劃圖master plan 總圖general layout詳圖設計detail design施工圖working design詳圖detail drawing預留孔洞圖recess drawing現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量管理site super

6、vision驗收final approval進度表time schedule由結(jié)構(gòu)工程是承擔的工作the engineer靜力計算static calculation模板圖formwork drawing配筋圖reinforcement drawing由預算師承擔的工作the quantity surveyor工程量表bills of quantities組織投標calling for tenders合同contracts付款程序payment schedule由顧問承擔的工作the consultant可行性研究feasibility study experts opinion專家意見exp

7、erts survey experts report建筑名詞architectural terms未完工建筑unfinished building建筑系數(shù)coverage建筑占地面積covered area建筑體積cubage、cubical content居住面積living area商業(yè)面積commercial area住宅區(qū)residential area住宅區(qū)方案housing scheme住宅小區(qū)housing colony創(chuàng)建工程turnkey project工業(yè)區(qū)industrial area工業(yè)發(fā)展區(qū)industrial development建筑造價building cost

8、s分期付款progress payment末次付款final payment圖紙drawing 、plan繪制圖紙to prepare a drawing平面圖plan局部平面圖part plan索引圖key plan布置圖layout北立面圖north elevation剖面圖cross section 、transversal section縱剖圖longitudinal section視圖view 全景圖panoramic view軸測圖isometric view鳥瞰圖birds-eye view仰視圖worms-eye view透視圖perspective view圖簽caption

9、 of a drawing圖名subject工程項目project圖號drawing number比例scale日期date制圖drawing by校對checked審核approved by修改revision更正correction詳圖及施工圖detail & working drawing方案設計及地形測量圖scheme designs & land surveyors drawings不按比例n.t.s(not to scale)吋的分尺寸通常用分數(shù)表示parts of an inch are usually given in fractions常用分數(shù)use these fracti

10、ons避免用avoid繪圖to draw制圖to draught制圖員draughtsman描圖to trace做草圖to sketch圖例legend打斜線hatched涂黑smudged虛線（點線）dotted broken line虛線（劃線）intermittent gestrichelt修改revision變更alteration檢查、補充survey建議proposal設計的布置圖proposed layout參考reference參考圖reference drawing圖注notes on drawings本圖應與 號圖配合使用this drawing is to be read

11、 in conjunction with drg.no.所有尺寸均應現(xiàn)場測定all measures(dimensions)are to be taken(checked)on site任何問題均應與建筑師協(xié)商解決any queries to be clarified with the architect網(wǎng)格grid網(wǎng)格線grid line中心線、軸線centre line各種修改various revisions修正revised改變changed調(diào)整adjusted刪除deleted變更altered由 代替superseded by合并incorporated增加added引用intro

12、duced定位located繪圖紙drawing papers描圖紙tracing papers藍圖copies of drawings優(yōu)質(zhì)繪圖紙cartridge paper or Bristol board房間a room壁爐fireplace煙囪chimney頂棚ceiling墻wall地面floor見詳圖see detail磚墻brick wall墻面磚wall tile凹圓踢腳coved skirting地面磚floor tile鋼筋混凝土樓板reinforced concrete slae頂棚板ceiling board壁紙wall paper抹會打底plaster renderi

13、ng護墻板wall panel木踢腳板timber skirting木地板timber flooring抹會頂棚plaster ceiling墻角線條cornice抹灰墻面plastered wall建筑物a building層storey多層建筑multi-storey building建筑場地building site屋面roof屋面坡度roof pitch閣樓attic陽臺balcony窗心墻parapet二層first floor底層ground floor地下室basement 雨棚canopy上部結(jié)構(gòu)super-structure柵欄fence下部結(jié)構(gòu)sub-structure基礎(chǔ)

14、foundations下層地下室sub-basement上層super floor下層lower floor夾層mezzanine floor私人住宅a private home邊界線boundary草坪llawn起居室living room書房study餐室dining room廚房kitchen備餐室pantry洗衣間laundry后院back yard廁所toilet 、wc走道passage門廳hall入口entrance覆蓋面積covered area過道throughpass工作間workshop雜物間utility汽車棚carport室外起居平臺outdoor living ar

15、ea游泳池swimming pool平臺terrace工具間utensil room凹室alcove化妝室dressing room浴室bathroom淋浴shower單人臥室single bedroom雙人臥室double bedroom陽臺balcony涼廊loggia閣樓attic地窖cellar儲藏室store room蒸汽浴室sauna管道間utility distribution酒吧間basement bar煤倉bunker辦公樓層an office floor薄計室bookkeeping 檔案室filing 秘書室secretary行政辦公室administration打字室ty

16、pist經(jīng)理辦公室managers office接待室reception門廳lobby電梯lifts交換臺switchboard電傳打字機室telex-room會議室conference room主要辦公室main office辦公小間office cubicles工地負責人辦公室site supervisors office茶點廚房teakitchen復印間printing room安全出口fire escape男廁所mens toilet女廁所womens toilet衣帽間cloar room樣品儲藏間store for samples辦公室負責人office supervisor建筑設

17、計部門architectural department工業(yè)建筑industrial building工廠factory、mill、works、plant汽車廠car factory造紙廠paper mill印刷廠printing works水泥廠cement plant廠房room、hangar吊車跨crane bay機器間machine room紡紗間spinning room鋸齒形房屋結(jié)構(gòu)sawtooth roof structure生產(chǎn)跨production bays將來擴建future extension已建existing擬建proposed預留future夾層mezzanine f

18、loor走道aisle貨架stack提升叉車fork lift truck主體建筑main building輔助建筑附屬建筑auxiliary building行政管理處administration廠部辦公室head office門衛(wèi)室gate keepers office原材料倉庫raw material store石棉碾磨asbestos milling準備區(qū)preparation bays生產(chǎn)區(qū)production bays堆料區(qū)stacking bays成型工段moulding department卡車裝車處lorry loading火車裝車處railway loading模型堆場mo

19、ulds stockyard煙囪chimney鍋爐房boiler house蓄水池water reservoir電力、上下水等管線services for power、water etc變電站substation沉淀池settling tanks廢料回收hard waste recovery廢料堆放場hard waste dump修理間workshops備品庫accessories store食堂canteen衛(wèi)生所sanitary building生活間welfare building修理間堆場workshop storage area成型產(chǎn)品moulded products倉庫covere

20、d storage area堆場open storage area發(fā)貨處dispatch control鐵路專用線railway siding土木工程civil engineering土木工程civil engineering 房屋及建筑house and building塔及多層建筑tower and multi-storey blocks各種結(jié)構(gòu)structures of all kinds建設工程construction engineering橋梁及旱橋bridges and viaducts隧道及鐵路tunnels and railway擋土墻retaining walls道路及機場r

21、oads and airfields結(jié)構(gòu)理論theory of structures結(jié)構(gòu)理論theory of structures解析幾何analytic geometry投影幾何sciagraphy數(shù)學mathematics計算尺slide rule結(jié)構(gòu)分析structural analysis靜力static forces結(jié)構(gòu)設計structural design數(shù)學計算過程mathematical proceedings靜定statically determined超靜定statically undetermined分析analysis分配distribution分解decomposi

22、tion決定determination方程式equation比例ratio幾何geometry水平horizontal垂直vertical傾斜inclined空間space點point項term線line位置locality弦chord切線tangent平面plane面積area容積content volume圓circle正方形square矩形rectangle梯形trapezium三角形triangle等角symmetrically angled直角right angled斜角oblique銳角acute angled鈍角obtuse angled等腰isosceles不等腰asoscel

23、es等邊with equal sides不等邊with unequal sides立方體cube圓柱體cylinder圓椎體cone棱柱體pyramid材料性能properties of material尺寸size面積area斷面面積sectional area重心center of gravity重量weight容重density比重specific gravity強度strength solidity柔性flexibility堅固性consistency抵抗矩section modulus慣性矩moment of inertia回轉(zhuǎn)半徑radius of gyration彈性模量modu

24、lus of elasticity靜力名詞static terms應力stress力矩moment彎矩bending moment剪力shearing force承壓力bearing pressure強度strength荷載種類types of loads設計荷載design load允許荷載permissible load實際荷載actual load恒載dead load活荷載live load外加荷載imposed load風荷載wind load雪荷載snow load檢修荷載repair load輪壓wheel pressure重要外加荷載important imposed load

25、s集中荷載point load、single load、concentrated load均布荷載uniformly distributed load線性荷載line load三角形荷載triangular load塊狀荷載block load遞增荷載,在一定頻率時增加的荷載swelling load，load increasing with a certain frequency附加荷載superimposed load力forces荷載 重量load、weight平衡重counterweight平衡equilibrium壓力pressure拉力tension吸力suction摩擦力fric

26、tion沖擊力impact扭力torsion粘結(jié)力bond剪力shear推力thrust壓力compression縱向壓力longitudinal compression力的作用application of force中心centrally偏心eccentrical縱向軸力longitudinal axial force跨度spans凈寬clear width凈空clearance跨度span有效高度effective height細長度slenderness全長overall length懸臂長度length of cantilever支座supports自由支座free supports嵌

27、固長度length of restraint固端fixed end restraint拱座橋臺abutment變形deformations彎曲bending flexion撓度deflection雙向撓曲deflection in two directions伸展expansion dilatation收縮contraction膨脹swelling縱向彎曲buckling受彎壓曲flexural穩(wěn)定性stabilities抗倒塌穩(wěn)定性stability against collapse抗傾覆穩(wěn)定性stability against tilting抗滑移穩(wěn)定性stability against

28、sliding建筑知識building knowledge組織關(guān)系organization scheme建筑物業(yè)主building owner、promoter、client建筑師architect土木工程師civil engineer預算師quantity surveyor總包main contractor分包subcontractors工長foreman技工qualified man 、skilled man 、journeyman普工unqualified man 、unskilled man建筑技術(shù)工人building craftsmen 、building artisans瓦工bri

29、cklayer石工mason混凝土concrete worker鋼筋工rod bender、rod fixer抹灰工plasterer木工carpenter白鐵工sheetmetal worker、tin smith管工plumber電工electrician鐵匠smith 、locksmith細木工joiner五金安裝工ironmonger玻璃工glazier貼磚工tiler鋪地工floor layer油漆工painter裱糊工paperhanger建筑工程building work挖土工程excavation work混凝土工程concrete work模板工程form work、shut

30、tering work、boxing work鋼筋工程reinforcing work木工工程carpentry work白鐵工程sheetmetal work屋面鋪瓦工程roof tiling work防水工程water proofing work管道工程plumbing work隔熱保溫工程insulating work電氣安裝electrical installation鍛鐵工程blacksmith work抹灰工程plaster work、rendering work細木工程joinery work五金安裝工程ironmongery work玻璃安裝工程glazing work貼磚工程

31、tiling work水磨石工程terrazzo work地面鋪設工程floor laying work油漆工程painting work裱糊工程wallpapering work建筑材料building materials石灰lime水泥cement石膏gypsum熟石膏plaster of paris砂sand礫石gravel、stone磚brick空心砌塊hollow block木材timber 低碳鋼、軟鋼mild steel瓦roofing tile油氈roofing felt鋼筋reinforcing鋼管steel pipe隔熱保溫材料insulation material油灰膠泥

32、putty 、mastic面磚石板tile、slate涂料（指一般油漆）paint壁紙wallpaper標高levels基準標高datum elevation板面、梁面等無面層的結(jié)構(gòu)面標高top of slab、top of beam、etc level lf structure without finish面層頂面，有面層的結(jié)構(gòu)面標高top of finish、level of structure with finish樓地面標高finished floor level二層樓板標高floor slab板底標高soffit頂面標高top level底面標高bottom level縫joins原

33、漿勾縫jointed平縫butt joint凹縫open jointV型縫splayed joint伸縮縫expansion joint密封條sealing strip fugenband突出protruding projecting平齊flush bundig凹進recessed切口rebate rabbet榫槽groove直榫tongue企口連接tongued and grooved壁凹與孔洞recesses and openings洞口opening墻洞wall opening開通的open throughout樓板洞floor opening壁凹recess不開通的not open t

34、hroughout凹口pocket洞孔mortice、mortise預留欄桿洞form mortices for balusters暗線槽conduit地溝duct溝槽channel墻槽wall conduit凹槽groove地槽floor duct直線與斜線straight and skew平的plane斜的skew直的straight錐形的tapered斜坡slope作出坡度laid to falls爐渣混凝土breeze concrete圓陰角coving圓陽角arris rounded倒角splay一個波段a corrugation波峰top of corrugation波谷valle

35、y of corrugation技術(shù)名詞縮寫some technical abbreviations鋼筋混凝土R.C. reinforced concrete預制混凝土P.C.C. precast concrete低碳鋼M.S. mild steel鍍鋅鐵皮G.I. galvanized iron鑄鐵C.I. cast iron石棉水泥A.C. asbestos cement交流電A.C. alternating current直流電D.C. direct current三相電 three phase current總長O/A overall length中至中CCS from center

36、to center剖面通過SECTHRO section through概述general地點stand基址plot地產(chǎn)estate場地site吊裝erection建筑物的吊裝erection of a building機器安裝installation of a machine廠房建成implementation of a plant拆毀damages 倒塌 collapse傾覆tilting裂縫crack發(fā)霉mould、fungus泛堿efflorescence蒙灰及煙熏dust and soot翹曲warp雜項sundries竣工wrought wrot鍛造beim schmied細木做b

37、eim schreiner粗木作beim Zimmermann上梁宴請，封頂儀式topping-out ceremony roof wetting party防護proof防水water proof防濕moisture proof防潮damp proof防蒸汽steam proof防水汽vapour proof氣密air-tight防蟲vermin proof隔聲sound proof其他miscellaneous界限margin旁注marginal notes層ply二層two ply三層three-ply可移動的可拆卸的removable demountable格珊grating顆粒分級g

38、rading樣板template gauge小間cubicle booth廁所間toilet cubicle出納間tellers booth電話間telephone box小冊子pamphlet散葉leaflet說明書prospectus安裝說明fixing instructions建筑工地building site工地測量survey of site工地抄平leveling of site基準橫檔sight rail龍門板batter board建筑用水準儀builders level經(jīng)緯儀theodolite釘龍門板pegging of batter boards準線wire木樁peg建筑

39、工作building operations現(xiàn)場管理site supervision工地設施site installations施工道路site road builderroad臨時接水temporary water connection儲倉筒倉storage bin、silo工地辦公室site office工房barracks工地食堂site canteen工地試驗室field laboratory工地清理site clean-up job clean-up建筑機械building machinery落錘drop hammer 履帶式裝載機crawler-loader鏟shovel挖掘機exc

40、avator shovel動力鏟power shovel起重臂boom jib戽斗bucket履帶caterpillar track反鏟backacting shovel挖泥機dredger抓斗grab grabbing bucket混凝土攪拌機concrete mixer混凝土攪拌廠concrete plant泵pump離心泵centrifugal pump噴漿機guniting machine壓路機roller起重機cranes旋轉(zhuǎn)塔式起重機rotating tower crane懸臂式起重機saddle jib crane動臂式起重機swing jib crane配重counter-we

41、ight起重機行走架crane-carrier 起重滑車hoist block卷揚機hoist起重小車trolley腳手架scaffolding壓縮機compressor混凝土振動器concrete vibrator風鉆pneumatic drill風動錘pneumatic hammer電錘electric hammer抹灰機plastering machine發(fā)動機engine電動機motor結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件structural elements結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件structural elements上部結(jié)構(gòu)super-structre柱column樓梯stairs離心窗parapet樓板slab梁beam外

42、墻external wall室外地面ground level防潮層DPC防潮層面DPC level墻基plinth地溝duct基礎(chǔ)footing下部結(jié)構(gòu)sub-structure地面、地形ground、terrain平地flat ground地面斜坡slope of ground自然地面natural ground 自然土natural soil原土original soil填土filled soil堤坡embankment幾種土壤some type of soil植物質(zhì)vegetable matter腐根dead roots表土topsoil耕土gardening soil下層土subsoi

43、l石礫石stone、gravel漂石boulders粘土clay軟質(zhì)巖石soft rock硬質(zhì)巖石hard rock含有漂石的一般土壤common ground interspersed挖土excavation土方工程earthworks清理場地的灌木、樹叢、雜草及所有植物質(zhì)clearance of site of shrubs、bushes、grass all vegetable matter槽trench溝ditch槽為垂直邊幫a trench has vertical sides溝為傾斜邊坡a ditch has sloping sides挖出的土excavated material余土

44、surplus material地面水surface water明溝channel擋土板planking地下水位level of ground water地下水ground water、subsoil water斜撐bracing橫撐strutting排水water removal找平drainage基礎(chǔ) foundation基礎(chǔ)footing基座base墻基wall footing 基礎(chǔ)底板foundation slab設備基礎(chǔ)machine base樓板floor slab帶形基礎(chǔ)strip foundation聯(lián)系梁tim beam基礎(chǔ)踏步stepping of foundation基礎(chǔ)

45、底面bottom of foundation打樁piling板樁sheet wall piling承臺pile cap表面摩擦力skin friction樁pile樁足pile foot擋土墻retaining wall重力墻gravity wall壩dam土壩earth dam地溝ducts隧道tunel地下停車場underground parking地溝duct通行地溝accessible duct格珊或蓋板grating or slabs明溝open floor duct暗線管暗地槽conduit半圓型地溝half-round floor槽groove基礎(chǔ)處剖面section throu

46、gh foundation工作區(qū)working space外墻perimeter wall砂漿面層及凹圓踢腳screed with coved skirting夯實礫石層hardcore墊層blinding側(cè)砌磚墊層brick soling laid on edge挖土工程說明some notes to excavations灌注混凝土前基槽的地面應經(jīng)工程是驗收the bottom of excavation shall be inspected and approved by the engineer before concrete is placed局部松軟土壤均應清除，其洞坑應用規(guī)定的材

47、料填平并夯實pockets of soft ground shall be removed and resulting voids filled with approved material and consolidated基槽的邊幫應用擋土板及橫撐妥善支牢，以防塌方sides of excavation shall be adequately supported by planking and strutting to prevent collapse回填土應分層鋪設，每層厚度不超過200毫米并全部用規(guī)定的方法夯實filling shall be deposited in layers no

48、t exceeding 200mm thick and thoroughly compacted by approved means剩余的土方應當均勻平鋪在指定的場地上或從現(xiàn)場運走surplus excavation material shall be deposited spread and leveled on site where directed or removed from the site柱columns磚或混凝土柱columns of brickwork or concrete支柱pillar垛墩pier壁垛buttress變截面taper型鋼柱stanchion管tube外徑

49、outside 管式腳手架tubelar scaffolding小柱mullion工字梁Ibeam組合型鋼柱columns of compound section木柱columns of timber撐prop柱post桿pole墻walls外墻external wall內(nèi)墻internal wall周邊墻perimeter wall隔墻partition wall圍護墻enclosure wall防火墻fire wall共用墻common wall承重墻load bearing wall非承重墻non-bearing wall女兒墻parapet wall花格墻screen wall裝飾墻d

50、ecorative wall圍墻boundary wall梁beams單跨梁single span beam連續(xù)梁continuous beam簡支梁sub-spended beam固端梁fixed-end beam下翻梁down-stand beam板梁flush beam strip上翻梁inverted beamT型梁T-beam小梁joist過梁lintol lintel斜腋tapered haunch圈梁perimeter beam裝飾梁fascia beam托梁spandrel beam基礎(chǔ)梁plinth beam連系梁tie beam板slabs緣或邊edge or side板s

51、lab板底soffit簡支板suspended slab嵌固板fixed-edge slab單向板one-way slab雙向板two-way slab肋型板ribbed slab肋形梁板結(jié)構(gòu)slab and joist ribbed construction井字形梁板groined slab傘型柱頂無梁樓板mushroom slab底面露明或做平open or smooth soffit懸臂板cantilever slab托座bracket框架frames框架framework轉(zhuǎn)角joint框架結(jié)構(gòu)frame structure 結(jié)構(gòu)框架structure frame骨架skeleton自由

52、簡支suspended固定restrained fixed填充墻infill 填充磚墻fill-in brickwork構(gòu)架lattice work墻板wall panel支撐brace屋頂類型roof types屋面坡度roof pitch雙坡屋頂double pitch roof gable roof單坡屋頂single pitch roof平屋頂flat roof雨棚canopy鋸齒形屋頂sawtooth roof拱圓頂dome cupola傘形屋頂mushroom roof錐形屋頂tent roof四坡屋頂hip roof殼體屋頂shell structure roofs樓梯與踏步stairs and steps踏步steps踏步平板tread踏步豎板riser防滑條reeding踏步突沿nosing樓梯間staircase 欄桿railing扶手handrail休息平臺landing梯段板waist slab平臺板landing slab有平臺及梁的懸挑樓梯suspended staircase with landing and beams螺旋樓梯spiral st