人因?qū)I(yè)詞匯

1、人因?qū)I(yè)詞匯（以內(nèi)容劃分）所屬部分英文E備注10.1.1飛行環(huán)境對人的影響Lung肺Alveoli肺泡Pharynx咽Throat喉Trachea氣管Bronchi支氣管Capillary毛細血管Gasexchange氣體交換Metabolism新陳代謝Atrium心房Ventricle心室Artery動脈Vein靜脈Coronaryartery冠狀動脈Coronaryvein冠狀靜脈Heartrate心率Plasma血漿Serum血清Oxyhemoglobin氧合血紅蛋白Carbonmonoxidehemoglobin一氧化碳血紅蛋白Immunity免疫Immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)Whi

2、tebloodcell白細胞/白血球Sinuses鼻竇Barometerism;Barflatulency高空腸胃脹氣Aero-otitismedia航空性中耳炎Movementofthesoftpalate運動軟腭Valsalvamanoeuver捏鼻鼓氣/瓦薩爾瓦捏鼻鼓氣法Swallow吞咽Yawning打哈欠Stomachache/bellyache腹痛Cyanosis紫叩Cardio-vascularsystem心血管系統(tǒng)Ozone臭氧Cyanide氤化物Alcoholism酗酒/酒精中毒Carbonmonoxidepoisoning一氧化碳中毒Positive-g;positivea

3、cceleration正過載；正加速度Gforces重力加速度Negative-g;minus-g;negativeacceleration負過載；負加速度Blackout黑視Greyout灰視Redout紅視Respiratorymucosa呼吸道粘膜Nitrogen氮氣Pressurization增壓Oxygen氧氣Ionizationradiation電離輻射Relativehumidity相對濕度Respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)Circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Hypoxichypoxia;Altitudehypoxia缺氧性缺氧Anemichypoxia;Hypem

4、ichypoxia貧血性缺氧Stagnanthypoxia循環(huán)停滯性缺氧Histotoxichypoxia組織中毒性缺氧Carbonmonoxide二氧化碳Internalrespiration；tissuerespiration內(nèi)呼吸；組織呼吸Externalrespiration;pulmonaryrespiration外呼吸；肺呼吸Tingling刺痛感Tunnelvision管狀視覺Progressive/Slowdecompression緩慢失壓Rapid/Explosivedecompression快速失壓；爆炸性減壓TUC(timeofusefulconsciousness)有用

5、意識時間Hyperventilation換氣過度Dizziness頭昏DCS(decompressionsickness)減壓?。桓呖諟p壓Oticbarotrauma中耳氣壓性損傷Scubadiving水肺潛水/斯庫巴潛水Tinnitus耳鳴Redbloodcell紅血球Platelets血小板Hemoglobin血紅蛋白Oxygensaturation血氧飽和度Cumulativeeffect累積效應Systolicpressure收縮壓Diastolicpressure舒張壓Blooddonation獻血Nausea惡心Convulsion痙華Lungcancer肺癌Carbonicaci

6、d碳酸10.1.2飛行生理學基礎Nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Centralnervoussystem中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Peripheralnervoussystem周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Spinalcord脊髓Cerebrum大腦Cerebellum小腦Brainstem腦干Efferentnerve傳出神經(jīng)Afferentnerve傳入神經(jīng)Sensorynerve感覺神經(jīng)Motornerve運動神經(jīng)Receptor感受器Unconditionedreflex無條件反射Autonomicnervoussystem自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Absolutethresholds絕對閾限D(zhuǎn)ifferentialthresh

7、old差別閾限Sensitivity感受性Reflexarc反射弧Lens晶狀體Ciliarymuscles睫狀肌Cornea角膜Retina視網(wǎng)膜Opticnerve視神經(jīng)Iris虹膜Photoreceptor感光細胞Rods視桿細胞Cones視錐細胞Visualacuity視敏度Staticvisualacuity靜態(tài)視敏度Dynamicvisualacuity動態(tài)視敏度Glare眩光Psychologicalglare/Discomfortglare心理眩光Physiologicalglare/Disabilityglare生理眩光Snowblindness/Dazzle雪盲癥；強光盲A

8、daptation適應Lightadaptation明適應Fovea中央凹Blindspot生理盲點Nightblindspot夜間旨點Darkadaptation暗適應Nightvision夜間視覺Visualfield視野Effectivevisualdistance有效視覺距離Binocularvision雙眼視覺Monocularvision單眼視覺Binocularparallax雙眼視差Binocularconvergence雙眼輻合Structuregradient結(jié)構(gòu)級差；結(jié)構(gòu)梯度Aerialperspective空氣透視Linearperspective線條透視Motionp

9、arallax運動視差Accommodation(eye)眼調(diào)節(jié)Externalauditorycanal夕卜耳道Tympaniccavity鼓室Cochlea耳蝸Hearingloss聽力損失Auditoryfatigue聽覺疲另Auditoryadaptation聽覺適應Ergonomics工效；工效學Angularacceleration角加速度Linearacceleration線加速度Vomit嘔吐Muscletremor;Musclevibration肌肉震顫Upperrespiratory上呼吸道Spatialorientation空間定向Hearingthresholdshif

10、t聽閾偏移Emptyfieldmyopia空虛視野近視Nightmyopia夜間近視Innerear內(nèi)耳Eardrum鼓膜Eustachiantube咽鼓管Vestibularsense前庭覺Vestibularsystem前庭Vestibularapparatus前庭器官Otolithorgan耳石器Semicircularcanals半規(guī)管Motionsickness運動?。粫灆C病Proprioceptivesystem本體感受器Kinestheticsense肌肉運動知覺Flightillusion飛行錯覺Spatialdisorientation空間失定向，空間錯覺Vestibular

11、illusion刖庭錯覺Visualillusion視錯覺Falsehorizonillusion虛假天地線錯覺Somatogravicillusion軀體重力錯覺Leansillusion傾斜錯覺Blackholeeffect黑洞效應Whiteholeeffect;Whitesnoweffect白洞效應；白雪覆蓋效應Inclinationillusion矯正性”傾斜錯覺Somatogyralillusion軀體旋動錯覺Oculogravicillusion眼重力錯覺Oculogyralillusion眼旋動錯覺Coriolisillusion科里奧利錯覺Inversionillusion倒翻

12、錯覺10.1.3健康與衛(wèi)生Coronaryheartdisease冠心病Bloodfat;Lipid血脂Acutemyocardialinfarction急性心肌梗塞Cold;Catchacold;Influenza感冒；流感Presbycusis老年性耳聾Susceptibility易感性Sleepingpill安眠藥Aspirin阿司匹Codeine可待因Benzedrine苯內(nèi).胺Anti-histamine抗組胺Decongestants抗充血Over-the-counterdrug非處方藥/柜臺藥物(OTC)Doctor'sadvice;Medicalorders醫(yī)囑；醫(yī)學咨

13、詢Strokes中風Heartattack心臟病發(fā)作Anginapectoris心絞痛Suddendeath猝死Disability失能Stomachupset胃腸不適Hypertension高血壓Hypotension低血壓Bloodpressure血壓Obesity肥胖Alcohol酒精Smoking吸煙Euphoria興奮性/愉悅感Caffeine咖啡因Nicotine尼古丁Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳Depressant;Tranquilizer鎮(zhèn)靜劑Stimulant興奮劑Drugabuse藥物濫用Hyperopia遠視Myopia近視Presbyopia老花眼Glaucom

14、aIW光眼Cataracts白內(nèi)障Astigmatism散光Colorblindness色盲10.2.1人類的信息加工Informationprocessing信息加工Sensation感覺Perception知覺Subjectivity主觀性Expectation期望Perceptualdistortion歪曲知覺Referencesystem參照系統(tǒng)Selectiveattention選擇性注意Dividedattention注意分配Concentration注啟、集中Sensorymemory感覺記憶；瞬時記憶Sensoryregister感覺登記Short-termmemory短時記憶

15、Workingmemory工作記憶Chunk組塊Long-termmemory長時記憶Proceduralmemory程序性記憶Declarativememory陳述性記憶Episodicmemory情境記憶Semanticmemory語義記憶Threshold閾限Sensorythreshold感覺閾限Sensoryadaptation感覺適應Encoding編碼Storage儲存Retrieval提取Forgetting遺忘Forgettingcurve遺忘曲線Proactiveinhibition前攝抑制Retroactiveinhibition倒攝抑制Decaytheory衰退理論Me

16、morytrace記憶痕跡Convergentthinking聚合思維Divergentthinking發(fā)散思維Mindset;Thinkingset思維定勢；固著Attentionspan,attentionrange注意的廣度Attentionstability注意穩(wěn)定性Distraction注息力分散Vigilance;Alertness警覺Monitoring監(jiān)控Fault錯Omission漏Learningstyle學習風格Conditionedreflex條件反射Classicalconditioningtheory經(jīng)典條件反射理論Operantconditioningtheory

17、操作性條件反射理論Sociallearningtheory社會學習理論Cognitivelearningtheory認知學習理論InvertedU-shapedcurve倒U型曲線Internaldrive內(nèi)驅(qū)力Externaldrive外驅(qū)力Insight頓悟Technicalskill技術(shù)技能Non-technicalskill非技術(shù)技能Actionskill;physicalskill動作技能Mentalskill心智技能Flightskill;Flyingskill飛行技能；駕駛技能10.2.2壓力與疲勞Arousal喚醒Stress應激；壓力Stressor應激源Acutestres

18、s急性應激Chronicstress慢性應激Physiologicalstress生理性應激Psychologicalstress心理性應激Alarmstage警覺反應階段Resistancestage抵抗階段Exhaustionstage衰竭階段Generaladaptationsyndrome一般適應綜合征(GAS)Yerkes-Dodsonlaw葉克斯-道森定律Anxiety焦慮Fatigue疲另EEG腦電圖Sleeppattern睡眠模式Slow-wavesleep慢波睡眠Fast-wavesleep快波睡眠Rapideyemovementsleep(REMsleep)快速眼動睡眠Na

19、rcolepsy嗜睡癥Insomnia失眠Accumulativeeffect累積效應Sleeploss睡眠缺失Sleepdeprivation睡眠剝奪Circadianrhythms晝例生物節(jié)律Circadiandysrhythmia;Circadianrhythmdisturbance晝例生物節(jié)律擾亂Endogenicrhythm內(nèi)源性節(jié)律Biologicalclock生物鐘Timedifference時差Jetlag;Timedifferenceeffect時差效應Desynchronization去同步Resynchronization冉同步Mentalrelaxation；Psych

20、ologicalrelaxation心理放松Physicalfitness體適能10.2.3人格、態(tài)度與行為Personality人格Character個性/性格Temperament氣質(zhì)Attitude態(tài)度Cognitivecomponent認知成分Affectivecomponent情感成分Behaviortendency/intention行為傾向Intrinsic/Innermotivation內(nèi)部動機Extrinsic/Externalmotivation外部動機Heredity遺傳Self-concept自我概念Needs而Lowlevel/Basicneeds低級需要Advanc

21、e/Seniorneeds高級需要Belongingnessandlove歸屬與愛的需要Self-esteemneeds尊重需要Self-actualizationneeds自我實現(xiàn)的需要Motivation動機Self-discipline自律；自我約束Professionalethics職業(yè)道德10.3.1情景意識Situationawareness情景意識Situationawarenessloss情景意識喪失Anticipation;Projection預期，預測Operationaldistraction營運性注意力分散Non-operationaldistraction非營運性注意

22、力分散10.3.2交流Communication交流Verbalcommunication言語交流Non-verbalcommunication非言語交流Explicitcommunication顯性溝通Implicitcommunication隱性溝通Feedback反饋Communicationbarriers交流障礙Conflict沖突10.3.3工作負荷Workload工作負荷Workperformance工作績效；工作表現(xiàn)Overload超負荷10.3.4領導與協(xié)作Trans-Cockpitauthoritygradient駕駛艙職權(quán)梯度Leadership領導Leaderstyle

23、領導風格Co-ordination協(xié)作Managementstyle管理風格Autocratic權(quán)威-服從型Laissezfaire自由主義型Self-centeredness自我中心型Democratic民主型Countryclub鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部型10.3.5決策Aviationdecisionmaking(ADM)航空決策Participatoryleader參與式領導Hazardousattitude危險態(tài)度Anti-authority反權(quán)威Impulsivity沖動Invulnerability僥幸Macho炫耀Resignation屈服Riskassessment;Riskevaluation風險評估Problemsolving問題解決Peerpressure同伴壓力Mindset定勢/固著Anchoringeffect錨定效應Speculativementality投機心態(tài)Overconfident過度自信10.3.6文化、SOP與CRMCulture文