英語語法中考總復習(全)

1、中考復習名詞一. 名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞(1) 個體名詞。如：cup, desk, student等。一般可數(shù)，有單復數(shù)形式。 (2) 集體名詞。如：class, team, family等。一般可數(shù)，有單復數(shù)形式 (3) 物質名詞。如：rice, water, cotton等。一般不可數(shù)，沒有單復數(shù)之分。 (4) 抽象名詞。如：love, work, life等。一般不可數(shù)，沒有單復數(shù)之分。 （5） 專有名詞：如：China, Newton, London等。 定義：可數(shù)名詞：可以用數(shù)來計算，或可以分成個體的人

2、或東西。如desk bed apple.不可數(shù)名詞：指不可分成個體的情感、概念、物質、品質或表示物質材料的詞，也不可用數(shù)量來表示。不可數(shù)名詞分為抽象名詞和物質名稱。如：抽象名詞有work homework information advice news music weather traffic knowledge等物質名詞有food fruit bread milk water paper money meat fish chicken rice等。 二. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式：名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況

3、在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i

4、加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，或專有名詞以y結尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero

5、-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,隨堂練習：1.She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we cant say Taiyusn is her _ A second home B hometown C family2.We shou

6、ld make _ for old people. A room B rooms C a room 3.We know_ doesnt travel so fast as light. A sound B sounds C a sound 4.They are planting _ trees. A apples B an apple C apple 5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers2. 不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：

7、規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）audience

8、, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟) goods（貨物）conditions（環(huán)境、情況）7表示“某國人”加-s

9、Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)women singers,

10、men servants9有些名詞在習慣用語中一定要用復數(shù)形式make friends with (與交朋友)， shake hands with (與握手)隨堂練習：1. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens2.Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos三不可數(shù)名詞 1. 物質名詞和抽象名詞多為不可數(shù)名詞。如：l

11、uggage, milk, rice, soup, water, money, meat等。不可數(shù)名詞不能在其前加a/an ，也不能再詞尾加-s或-es. 其復數(shù)形式只能體現(xiàn)在它的量詞上，表示不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種方法：1. 用some ,much, little ,a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等倆表示。如：much water 許多水,a lot of money很多錢，a little milk 一點牛奶 some orange一些橘汁2.用數(shù)次+量詞+of來表示 如： a cup of 一杯a pair of 一雙（對）.a piece

12、of 一片（塊）. A drop of 一滴. a group of一群（組）.a row of 一排a bowl of一婉. A pile of 一堆a cup of coffee一杯咖啡 ten bags of rice十袋大米 sit boxes of ink六盒墨水 a glass of 一玻璃杯. a bottle of一瓶.注意：不可數(shù)名詞在表示量的時候需要用上適當?shù)牧吭~，當數(shù)詞大于1時，量詞須變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)。如：a piece of advice(一條建議) five pieces of advice (五條建議)，a bag of rice (一袋大米) three bags of

13、rice (三袋大米)。 可數(shù)名詞的量也可以用適當?shù)牧吭~來表達。 2. 不可數(shù)名詞的轉化 (1) 物質名詞表示種類或具體事物時則成為可數(shù)名詞。如：glass (玻璃) a glass (一個玻璃杯)，tea (茶) two teas (兩杯茶)，ice (冰) three ices (三個冰淇淋)。 (2) 抽象名詞具體化時也可成為可數(shù)名詞。如：beauty (美麗) a beauty (一個美人)，youth (青春) a youth (一個青年)。 (3) 表示具體事物的可數(shù)名詞，用于表示抽象或物質意義是，便轉化為不可數(shù)名詞。如：a room (一個房間) room (空間)，a chic

14、ken (一只小雞) chicken(雞肉)。(4)fish, chicken 單數(shù)時表示肉類，用作復數(shù)時表示種類。Fishes 魚類 chickens雞的種類。1.Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks2.What _ weather were having these days!A. nice B. a niceC. a bad D. worse3.What Darwin said was an a

15、ttack on peoples religious _.A. belief B. beliefsC. beliefs D. believs4.There are some _waiting for you outside.A. German B. AmericanC. grown-up D. Japanese5.Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats6.You have to make _ for your journey A

16、. preparing B. preparationC. a preparation D. preparations辨別名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的技巧不少同學分辨不清可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。在這里告訴你一個訣竅，叫做“一分為二鑒別法”，能幫助你基本上分清這兩類名詞。判斷某名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞時，可以先將這個名詞所表示的東西一分兩半，若每一半不能再叫原來的名稱時，這個名詞就是可數(shù)名詞；反之，若每一半還可以叫原來的名稱，這個名稱就是不可數(shù)名詞。例如，desk 表示“課桌”，若將課桌一分兩半，所得的兩部分都不再具有課桌的特征，不能再用desk 來表示。因此，desk 是可數(shù)名詞。Meat表示“肉”，

17、將一塊肉一分兩塊，所得的兩塊仍可稱作肉。所以，meat是不可數(shù)名詞。四名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構成，二是由介詞of加名詞構成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結尾的人名所有格加s或者Di

18、ckens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2

19、表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a st

20、ones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)隨堂練習：1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the teachers2.Have you read _newspaper yet?A. todays B. TodaysC. the todays D. your todays3.Its not far, only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutes B. ten minutesC. a ten minutes D. t

21、en minutes4. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night B. a good-nightC. a good nights D. good-nights5. His isnt fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone elses D. somebodys else3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：t

22、he classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed注：不同國籍人的單復數(shù)  國籍 總稱（謂語用復數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復數(shù) 中國人 the Chinese, a Chinese, two Chinese       瑞士人 the Swiss, a Swiss, two Swiss 澳大利亞人the Australians, an Australian,

23、 two Australians 俄國人 the Russians, a Russian, two Russians意大利人 the Italians, an Italian, two Italians       希臘人 the Greek, a Greek, two Greeks 法國人 the French, a Frenchman, two Frenchmen   日本人 the

24、 Japanese, a Japanese, two Japanese 美國人 the Americans, an American, two Americans 印度人 the Indians, an Indian, two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians, a Canadian, two Canadians 德國人 the Germans, a German, two Germans 英國人 the Engli

25、sh, an Englishman, two Englishmen 瑞典人 the Swedish, a Swede, two Swedes五雙重所有格及其用法 定義： 's所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結合在一起，構成"of所有格"形式，即雙重的所有格。它通常表示部分觀念，即全體中的一部分，在意義上與"one of"相似，它主要修飾of短語之前的那個名詞。此外，雙重所有格與指示代詞連用時，常帶有感情色彩，如贊賞、不滿、厭惡等。它的主要形式如下： 1名詞of名詞性物主代詞。例如： a good

26、friend of mine 我的一個好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的經歷 2名詞of's所有格。例如： He is a friend of my sister's（one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一個朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's看杰克的那個長鼻子。（感情色彩） 試比較： a picture of Xiao Zhang 小張（本人）的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小張（具有的照片中）的一張照片當of前的名詞是

27、picture等詞時，含義不同，試比較：Its a picture of my mothers.這是我媽媽收藏的一幅畫。Its a picture of my mother.這是我媽媽的一張照片。此外，不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、某些不定代詞（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定詞，一般不與形容詞性物主代詞或's所有格等一起放在名詞前修飾名詞，而采用of所有格或雙重所有格形式。例如： most of the students 學生中的大多數(shù) three of them 他們中的三個人 I have read some books of his我讀過他的一些書。 Whic

28、h book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你讀過瓊瑤的哪一本書？ 六、's所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三者之間的細微區(qū)別 請仔細比較下面三句話： 1She is Mary's brother's friend 2She is a friend of Mary's brother 3She is a friend of Mary's brother's 1句用的是's所有格，側重說明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友關系，突出friend一詞。 2句用的是of所有格，側重說明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友關系，強調突

29、出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是雙重所有格，側重說明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一個，她只是其中的一個。詞類 一 名詞( ) 1.（2009·廣州）You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? I did _ Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ( ) 2.（2009·武漢）Why do you get up so early in the mornin

30、g, Tracy ？I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule( ) 3.（2009·武漢）Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!Mind your own _ ,Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. way( ) 4.（2009·廣州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't_ news. A. man

31、y B. a few C. much D. few( ) 5.（2009·威海）-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-Because I didnt have any_with me.A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money( ) 6.（2009·成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the _ .A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks( ) 7.（2009·江西）-You look worrie

32、d. Whats your _ ?-I have trouble learning English.A. name B. question C. problem D. job( ) 8.（2009·南京）-Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like _ a lot, and my mo

33、ther usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles( ) 10.（2009·宜昌）-In my opinion, China has more _to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1.-I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well.A. advantages  B. interests C

34、. equipments  D. materials( ) 11.（2009·婁底）Its said that you have moved into a new house.Yeah，and we need to buy some_ in the mall nearby.A. food B. furniture C. hamburger( )12.（2009·孝感）All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man  &

35、#160; B. men    C. woman  D. women( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）Emma, who are you taking _ of at home? My grandma, she got hurt in an accident. A. place      B. part    C. seat      D. care ( ) 14.（2009·山西）-How can I see thick snow in most norther

36、n parts of China?-You have to wait till _ comes, Steve.A. summer B. autumn C. winter( ) 15.（2009·山西）Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet.A. information B. message C. invention( ) 16.（2009·無錫）_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A num

37、ber of ; women B. A number of ; womanC. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman( ) 17.（2009·綏德）Mike and his friend are going to the _ to see the new action movie tonight. A. book shop     B. restaurant     C. concert         D. cinema( ) 18.(2

38、009.安徽)-Shall we go shopping now?-Sorry. Its not the right _. Im too tired.A. way B. weather C. place D. moment( ) 19.（2009.安徽）-Im afraid I cant get there before 9 oclock.-Thats OK. Theres _ .A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry( ) 20.（2009.漳州）-What makes you so upset?-I wanted to explain

39、why I was late, but Mr. White didnt give me a(n) _.A. way B. chance C. idea   D. excuse( ) 21.（2009·通化）We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.A. information B. advice C. idea D. news( ) 22.（2009·德州）Look at the flowers! They are in different _: red, yellow, pinkA. c

40、olors B. sizes C. prices D. names( ) 23.（2009·恩施）Id like _ grapes and pears.Oh, I only need _ orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few( )2 4.（2009·阜康） What would you like to drink? _, please. A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread ( ) 25.（2009·朝陽）-You

41、look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are?-Oh, sorry. Its a(n) _ .A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business( ) 26.（2009·安順）We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 27.（2009·安順）I dont understand the story though there are _ new w

42、ords in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( ) 28.（2009·安順）This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning.A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters( ) 29.（2009·安順）A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推薦) Books to Your Teachers”. The st

43、udents made a _ of 1,0000 books! A. note B. line C. menu D. list( ) 30.（2009·莆田）-I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you?-OK. Lets go and buy some _ .A. orange B. bread C. chocolate( ) 31.（2009·莆田）Hurry up. There is _ time left.A. a little B. little C. few 32.(2010·內

44、江)Well,you look so happy! -Because I've got a good _. A.work B. news C.job D. ideas ( ) 33. (2010·上海)You can get much_about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket D.information( ) 34. (2010·上海)The customers are pleased with the_of the restaurant. A.balance B.experienc

45、e C.surface D.service( ) 35. (2010·晉江)Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! - How nice!.A. look B. noiseC. voice( ) 36.（2010·通化）We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once.A.information B.advice C.idea D.news( ) 37.(2010·湖州)-Would you like some _? -N

46、o,thank you.Im not hungry at all.A.water B.booksC.clothes D.bread( )38.（2010·荊州)When will the 2010 World Expo(世博會) come to a close? Itll close at the end of _. A. September B. October C. November D. December( )39.（2010·武漢）Why are you still waiting in line? -Ive missed my _ . 全品中考網(wǎng) A. place

47、 B. order C. turn D. time( )40.(2010·河南)It was very hard for me to make a_but J decided to leave my job. A suggestion B decision C plan D speech( )41.（2010·黃岡）Good news. We will have a _holiday. -Ive heard of it.But its coming in_.A.three days ; three days timeB.three days; three daysC.thr

48、ee-day; three daysD.three days; three-day time( )42.（2010·聊城）Why not go to Qingdao on May Day,Jim? -Im afraid its not a good _.I have been there several times.A.wayB.placeC.adviceD.idea( )43.（2010·阜康）()Mr Black gave us _on how to learn English well.A.an adviceB.many advicesC.some adviceD.s

49、ome advices( )44.（2010·黃石） With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _. A. A friend of mineB. A friend of me C. A friend of my sisterD. A friend of you ( )45.（2010·荊門）Oh, my god! The kids are making too much_ here. I cant do anything. A. sound B. Voice C. Noise D. footstep

50、( )46.（2010·襄樊）Whats your job , Henry?Im a _ ,I work late . Im very busy when people go out to dimters . A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse ( )47.(2010·雞西)How many _can you see in the picture? Only one. A. Dog B. sheep C. child D. tree ( )48.（2010·定西)Whats your ? I like swimmin

51、g.A. job B. age C.hobby D. number ( )49.(2010·定西)What would you like，sir? .A. Two pop 全品中考B. Two bottles pop C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottle of pop( )50.（2010·萊蕪）I have a_ for breakfast everyday.A. hot dog B. Cookie C. dumpling D. hamburger( )51.(2010·哈爾濱)A low-carbon(低碳) lifestyl

52、e has _ effect on our daily life. People are paying more and more attention to saving _ these days.A. the, energies B. a, energy C. an, energy( )52. (2010三明)What a fine day! Shall we go hiking, Bob? -Id love to.But iss not the right _.I am busy now.A.placeB.momentC.weather( )53.（2010·天津）If you

53、work hard,youll get good _. A.gradesB.notesC.lessons D.answers( )54.（2010·泰安）Lucy, do you like _? -Yes.Most of my clothes are _.A.an orange an orange B.orange ,orangeC.oranges ,oranges D.orange,an orange( )55.（2010·青海&寧夏)Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second_ because he has been here fo

54、r over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home( )56.（2010·沈陽）I'm not sure about the meaning of the word. You'd better look it up in a _.A. letter B. dictionary C. postcard D. notice( )57.（2010·連云港）-Whats the news about ? -_ entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for Yushu. 全品中考網(wǎng) A. A member of B. A kind of C.A packet of D.A number of( )58.（2010·巴中）What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨欄）. A.110-meter B.11