考研英語-11_真題無答案

1、考研英語 -11( 總分 100,做題時間 90 分鐘) section use of english directions:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet.as former colonists of great britain, the founding fathers ofthe united states adopted much of the legal system of great b

2、ritain.we have a common law, or law made by courts1a monarch or other central governmental2like a legislature. thejury, a3of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an4part of *mon-law system.use of juries to decide cases is a5feature of the american legal system. few other countries in the wo

3、rld use juriesas we do in the united states.6the centuries, manypeople have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result7would be obtained using ajudge8, as many countries do.9a jurydecides cases after 10 , or discussions among a group of people, the jurys decision is likel

4、y to havethe11from many different people from differentbackgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.juries are used in both civil cases, whichdecide12among13citizens, andcriminal cases, which decide cases brought by thegovernment14that individuals *mitted crimes. juriesare selected from the

5、 u.s. citizens and15. jurors, consisting of16numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.the judge17to the case18the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. in somestates,19jurors are questioned by the judge; in others,they are questioned by the lawyers representingthe20under

6、rules dictated by state law.sss_simple_sin1.?a. other than?b. rather than?c. more than?d. or ratherabcdsss_simple_sin2.?a. agencyb. organizationc. institutiond. authorityabcd3.sss_simple_sin?a. panel?b. crew?c. bandd. flockabcdsss_simple_sin4.?a. innate?b. intact?c. integral?d. integratedabcdsss_sim

7、ple_sin5.?a. discriminatingb. distinguishingc. determiningd. diminishinga6.bcsss_simple_sind?a. in?b. by?c. after?d. overabcd7.sss_simple_sin?a. that?b. whichc. than?d. asabcdsss_simple_sin8.?a. alike?b. alone?c. altogether?d. apartabcdsss_simple_sin9.?a. althoughb. becausec. if?d. whileabcdsss_simp

8、le_sin10.?a. deliberations?b. meditationsc. reflections?d. speculationsabcdsss_simple_sin11.?a. outline?b. outcome?c. input?d. intakeabcdsss_simple_sin12.?a. arguments?b. controversies?c. disputes?d. hostilitiesabcdsss_simple_sin13.?a. fellow?b. individual?c. personal?d. privateabcsss_simple_sind14.

9、?a. asserting?b. alleging?c. maintaining?d. testifyingabcdsss_simple_sin15.?a. summoned?b. evoked?c. rallied?d. assembledabcdsss_simple_sin16.?a. set?b. exactc. givend. placedabcdsss_simple_sin17.?a. allocated?b. allotted?c. appointed?d. assignedabcdsss_simple_sin18.?a. administers?b. manages?c. ove

10、rseesd. presidesabcdsss_simple_sin19.?a. inspective?b. irrespective?c. perspective?d. prospectiveabcdsss_simple_sin20.?a. bodiesb. parties?c. sides?d. unitsabcdsection reading comprehensionpart a directions:read the following four texts. answer the questions after each textby choosing a, b, c, or d.

11、 mark your answers on the answer sheet. text 1an epidemicof poverty in britain is having a dramatic impact on the survival rates and health chances of children from poor families, an influential coalition will warn this week in a majorreport that casts doubt on government efforts to close the inequa

12、lity gap.end child poverty, a network of childrens charities, church groups, unions and think-tanks, claims that the gap between rich and poor represents a huge injustice in british society and has become one of the major factors affecting child mortality rates.its report, based on a wide-ranging an

13、alysis of governmentdata, finds that children from poor families are at 10 times the risk of sudden infant death as children from better-off homes. and itreveals how babies from disadvantaged families are more likely to beborn underweight less than children from the richest families. poorer children

14、 are two-and-a-half times more likely to suffer chronicillness when toddlers and twice as likely to have cerebral palsy,according to the report, health consequences of poverty for children. poverty is now one of the greatest dangers faced by our children, said nick spencer, one of the reports author

15、s and professor of child health at the university of warwick. if poverty were an infection, we would be in the midst of a full-scale epidemic.the report is likely to revive the debate on child poverty and focus attention on labors record when it comes to tackling social inequalities. in march 1999,

16、the then prime minister, tony blair, promised to eradicate child poverty within a generation. this was later defined as a commitment to end child poverty by 2020, with a target of halving the number of children living in poverty by 2010/11. but while the current row over social inequality has tended

17、 to focus on education and benefits, the implications for health have been largely ignored. now, however, the end child poverty report highlights how socio-economic factors affect the entire life ofchildren born into poverty, from fontal development and early infancy through to teenage years and adu

18、lthood.the government claims it is closing the gap between rich and poor, but accepts that more needs to be done. the prime minister, gordon brown, said in june: although we have already lifted hundreds of thousands of children out of poverty with new tax credits, morepeople in work and better publi

19、c services, the latest figures show we have not made enough progress.sss_simple_sin1.the word epidemic (line 1, para.1) most probably means.?a. serious illness?b. dangerous illness?c.widespreadillness?d. inanimate illnessabcdsss_simple_sin2.according to paragraph 2 and 3, we will find child poverty

20、can not produce.?a. high death rate ofinfancy?b. cerebral paralysisc. chronic disease?d. overweightabcdsss_simple_sin3.which of the following is true according to the passage?a. children from poor families usually have more risks of disease than children from rich families.?b. the number of children

21、 living in poverty can be halved by 2010/11.?c. education and benefits are ignored when handling social inequality.?d. socio-economic factors can influence the entire life of children.abcdsss_simple_sin4.what gordon brown said in the last paragraph means.?a. we have pulled hundreds of thousands of c

22、hildren out of poverty currently?b. new tax credits with more people in work are helpful to solve the problem of child poverty?c. the problem of child poverty has not been solved thoroughly?d. we have not made enough progress by this timeabcdsss_simple_sin5.which of the following would be the best t

23、itle for the text?a. in britain child poverty is quite profound.?b. poverty is uks hidden child killer.?c. child poverty is the source of all kinds of issues.?d. government should take measures to tackle the problem of child poverty.abcdtext 2a bite of a cookie containing peanuts could cause the air

24、way to constrict fatally. sharing a toy with another child who had earlier eaten a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could raise a case of hives.a peanut butter cup dropped in a halloween bag could contaminate the rest of the treats, posing an unknown risk.these are the scenarios that make your bone

25、marrow turn cold according to l.val giddings, vice president for food and agricultureof the biotechnology industry organization. besides representing the policy interests of food *panies in washington, d. c. , giddings is the father of a four-year-old boy with a severe peanut allergy.peanuts are onl

26、y one of the most allergenic foods; estimates of the number of people who experience a reaction to the beans hover around 2 percent of the population.giddings says that peanuts are only one of several foods that biotechnologists are altering genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins that d

27、o great harm to some peoples immune systems.although soy allergies do not usually cause life-threatening reactions, the scientists are also targeting soybeans, which can be found in two thirds of all manufactured food, making the supermarketa minefield for people allergic to soy. biotechnologists ar

28、e focusing on wheat, too, and might soon expand their research to the rest of the big eight allergy-inducing foods: tree nuts, milk, eggs, shellfish and fish.last september, for example, anthony j.kinney, a crop geneticsresearcher at dupont experimental station in wilmington, del., and his colleague

29、s reported using a technique called rna interference (rnai) to silence the genes that encode p34, a protein responsible for causing 65 percent of all soybean allergies. rnai exploits the mechanism that cells use to protect themselves against foreign genetic material; it causes a cell to destroy rna

30、transcribed from a given gene, effectively turning off the gene.whether the public will accept food genetically modified to be low-allergen is still unknown. courtney chabot dreyer, a spokesperson for pioneer hi-bred international, a subsidiary of dupont, says that*pany will conduct studies to deter

31、mine whether a promising market exists for low-allergen soy before developing the seeds for sale to farmers. she estimates that pioneer hi-bred is seven years away*mercializing the altered soybeans.doug gurian-sherman, scientific director of the biotechnology project at the center for science in the

32、 public interest-a group that has advocated enhanced food and drug administration oversight for genetically modified *ments that his organization would not oppose low-allergen foods if they prove to be safe. but he wonders about identity preservation a term used in the food industry to describe the

33、deliberate separation of genetically engineered andnonengineered products. a batch of nonengineered peanuts or soybeans might contaminate machinery reserved for low-allergen versions, he suggests, reducing the benefit of the gene-altered food. such issuesof identity preservation could make low-aller

34、gen genetically modified foods too costly to produce, chabot dreyer admits. but, she says, its still too early to see if thats true.sss_simple_sin1.according to the text, foods have been genetically altered to.?a. taste more delicious?b. to cure peoples ineffectivenessin immune system?c. to promote

35、sales of peanut?d. to lower the chance to get allergyabcdsss_simple_sin2.what can be inferred about genetically modified foods from the text?a. people do not accept any genetically modified foods.?b. all genetically modifiedfoods will beof benefit. to peoples health.?c. genetically modified foods st

36、ill have a long way to go.?d. genetically modified foods will soon be sold in supermarkets.abcdsss_simple_sin3.according to the text, which of the following statements is true?a. genetically modified foods have been supervised by the authority.?b. genetically modified foods have proved to be safe.?c

37、. the nonengineered foods absolutely can be contaminated by the engineered foods.d. the engineered foods are immediately profitable for the *panies. abcdsss_simple_sin4.from the text, we can know that rnai.?a. can deprive cells of certain mechanism?b. can protect cells against foreign genetic materi

38、al?c. can be effective on 34 kinds of genes?d. can cause soybean allergiesabcdsss_simple_sin5.what is the authors attitude towards genetically modified foods?a. supportive.?b. unbiased.?c. partial.?d. skeptical.abcdtext 3general wesley clark recently discovered a hole in his personal securityhis cel

39、l phone. a resourceful blogger, hoping to call attention to the black market in phone records, made his privacy- rights experiment on the general in january. for $ 89.95, he purchased, no questions asked, the records of 100 cell-phone calls that clark had made. (he revealed the trick to clark soon a

40、fter.)its like someone taking your wallet or knowing who paid you money,clark says. its no great discovery, but it just doesnt feel right. since then, clark has become a vocal supporter of themovement to outlaw the sale of cell-phone records to third parties.the u.s.s embrace of mobile phones about

41、65% of the population are subscribers has far outpaced efforts to keep what we do with them private. that has cleared the way for a cottage industrydevoted to exploiting phone numbers, calling records and even the locations of unsuspecting subscribers for profit. a second business segment is develop

42、ing applications like anonymous traffic monitoring and employee tracking.most mobile phones are powerful tracking devices, with global-positioning systems (gps) inside. companies like *bine gps data with information about users to create practical applications. one similar technology allows rental-*

43、panies to track their cars with gps. california imposed restrictions on the practice last year after a company fined a customer $ 3,000 for crossing into nevada, violating the rental contract.other applications have not yet been challenged. for about $ 26a month per employee, a boss can set up a geo

44、fence to track how workers *pany-issued cell phones or even if they go home early.about 1,000 employers use the service, developed by xora with sprint- nextel.*panies selling those services insist that they care about privacy. airsage, for example, gets data from wireless carriers to monitor drivers

45、 cell-phone signals and map them over road grids. that lets it see exactly where gridlock is forming and quickly alert drivers to delays and alternative routes. the data it gets fromwireless *panies are aggregated from many users and scrambled, so noone can track an individual phone. no official can

46、 use the data to give someone a speeding ticket, says cy smith, ceo of airsage.privacy advocates say that even with those safeguards,consumers should have a choice about how their information is used. some responsibility, of course, rests with the individual. since his data were revealed, clark took

47、 his mobile number off his business cards. wireless carriers also recommend that customers avoid giving out their mobile numbers online. but clark insists that the lawshould change to protect our privacy, no matter how much technologyallows us to connect. one thing we value in this country, he says,

48、 is the freedom to be left alone.sss_simple_sin1.the blogger publicized general clarks phone record.?a. to earn money from the internet?b. to blackmail the general for money?c. to play a trick on the general?d. to warn people of the information securityabcdsss_simple_sin2.according to paragraph 2, m

49、obile phones are insecure because.?a. the number of phone user increases too fast?b. we havent made enough efforts?c. the mobile phone technology is not mature?d. we have ignored the information security problemabcdsss_simple_sin3.what does cy smith mean by referring to speeding tickets?a. they dont

50、 cooperate with traffic police.?b. they have some concern about privacy.?c. they dont have the business in traffic survey.?d. they are not able to track mobile phones.abcdsss_simple_sin4.according to the text, what does the sentence some responsibility, of course, rests with the individual mean?a. s

51、ome personal information is revealed by the phone users themselves.?b. it is the phone users right to decide who to blame.?c. phone users should decide how their information is used.?d. wireless carriers should be responsible for privacy- violation.abcdsss_simple_sin5.which of the following proverbs

52、 is closest to the message the text tries to convey?a. a burnt child dreads the fire.?b. as you sow, so will you reap.?c. a bad work man always blames his tools.?d. the wall has ears.abcdtext 4americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the english language

53、 with skill and gift. nordo they aspire to *mand themselves. in his latest book, doing ourown thing: the degradation of language and music and why we should like, care, john mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixedliberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as

54、 responsible for the decline of formal english.blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. mr.mcwhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and hesees the gradual disappearance of whom, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of old english.but the cult of the authentic and the personal, do