新概念英語第二冊筆記-第90課(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson 90 What's for supper? 晚餐吃什么？【Text】Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. O

2、il rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or

3、killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by th

4、e crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?【課文翻譯】油煎魚加炸土豆片一直 是英國人喜愛的一道菜，但是隨著海洋里的濫捕濫撈，魚已經(jīng)變得越來越昂貴。因此，聽說北海石油鉆井平臺上的潛水員受到巨型魚類的恐嚇，確實很讓人吃驚。鉆井平臺需要經(jīng)常修理，潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們曾在工作時

5、被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措?，F(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護他 們免受大魚的侵襲。這些魚并不是鯊魚或逆戟鯨，而是深受人們喜愛的食用魚品種，如鱈魚和鰩魚，只不過它們長得出奇地大，有時長達12英尺。這些魚能長得這 么大是由3個因素造成的：海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水；鉆井平臺工作人員拋到海里充足的食物；鉆井平臺周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。結果是，這些魚就在可 愛的溫暖的水流中吃呀吃，長呀長。究竟誰吃誰呢？New words and expressions 生詞和短語chip n. 油煎土豆片 overfish v. 過度捕撈giant adj. 巨大的 terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖dive

6、r n. 潛小員 oil rig 石油鉆塔wit n. （復數(shù)）理智，頭腦 cage n. 籠shark n. 鯊魚 whale n. 鯨variety n. 品種 cod n. 鱈skate n. 鰩 factor n. 因素crew n. 全體工作人員【生詞講解】1. chip 1）n. 油煎土豆片（英：potato chip / crisp）（細長的）油炸馬鈴薯條 （美：French fry） 2） 碎片、木碎片have a chip on ones shoulder（口） 心情不好、性好爭吵a chip off the old block （口）酷似父親的兒子、 一個模子印出來的, 酷

7、似2. overfish v. 過度捕撈overcrop v. 因過度的耕種而使土地貧瘠overdo v. 做得過分, 過度, 夸張overdraw vt. 透支, 拉過度, 夸大overdress v. （使）過度打扮, 穿著太考究overeat vi. 吃過量3. giant 1）adj. 巨大的a giant corporation 一個大公司giant panda n. 大貓熊, 大熊貓2) n. （故事或傳說等）巨人、大漢（相反：dwarf 矮子 ）eg：Jack saw the giant climbing down the beanstalk .杰克看到巨人爬下豆莖。3） n.

8、偉人、大人物giants in the field of electronics 電子行業(yè)之牛耳.4. terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖、使受驚嚇be terrified of 害怕 ., 恐懼 .eg：The children were terrified of being scolded. 孩子們害怕被罵。terrify sb 驚嚇某人、威脅(某人)eg：His sudden appearance terrified them. 他的突然出現(xiàn)，嚇壞了他們。be terrified by / be terrified at 被嚇一跳eg：They were terrified by his

9、sudden appearance. They were terrified at his sudden appearance.他的突然出現(xiàn)使他們都嚇壞了。terrifying adj. 可怕的terrified 'terifaid adj. 恐懼的, 受驚嚇的5. diver n. 潛小員、跳水選手dive  daiv n. vi.跳水，潛水；俯沖，撲dive from the bridge into the river 從橋上跳入河中diver for （為尋找或?。?潛水eg：They dived down for oysters. 他們潛水去撈牡蠣dive into

10、(突然)投入, 跳入、潛心研究eg：He dived into the history of China. 他潛心研究中國的歷史。6. oil rig 石油鉆塔oil 1） n. 油 cooking oil 食用油hair oil 發(fā)油 ； heavy oil 重油 ； light oil 輕油2） n. 油畫顏料paint in oils 油畫油 ； burn the midnight oil 開夜車pour oil on the flame vi. 火上加油3） v. 在.注 （涂）油oil a clock 給鐘加油oil ones hand oil ones palm 行賄oil the

11、 wheels （用會賂手段等） 使事情進展順利rig 1） n.（船） 配備、設備,鉆探設備2)v. 給（船）上配備、打扮、裝束7. wit 1）n. （復數(shù)）理智，頭腦（wits）eg：He has quick wits.他反應敏銳eg：He lacked the wits to see what to do in the emergency.他當時缺少臨機應變的能力。2）機智、聰明（u）eg：His essays sparkled with wit. 他的散文才氣洋溢。eg：His speech was full of wit and humor. 他的演講充滿了機智和幽默。at one

12、s wits end 智窮計盡have ones wits about keep ones wits about頭腦冷靜；保持警覺；精明；足智多謀 live by ones wits 靠小聰明過日子out of ones wits 失去理智8. shark 1）n. 鯊魚2）n.（口語）騙子、貪得無厭的人、放高利貸者9. whale n. 鯨eg：The whale is the largest of all animals.所有動物鯨是最大的。a whale of （口）極好的、巨大的have a whale of a time 過美好的時光10. variety vraiti n.多樣化m

13、onotony mntnin.單調a life full of variety 豐富多彩的生活for varietys sake 為不單調起見，為了有所變化a variety of 種種，多種多樣的eg：There are a wide variety of people on the earth. 地球上有各種不同的人。variety show （英）綜藝節(jié)目variety store （美） 雜貨店（以低價出售日常品及其他雜貨的店鋪）various adj.1） 形形色色的、種種的representatives from various countries 來自各國的代表various e

14、xperiences 種種經(jīng)驗2） 許多的、好幾個的（無比較級的變化）for various reasons 因種種理由variation veriein n.變化，變動；變體，變種；變奏(曲)variations of temperature 溫度的變化11. cod n. 鱈魚C.O.D. n. (= cash on delivery) 貨到付款12. skate 1）n. 鰩魚2）v. 溜冰、滑冰eg：I want to go skating tomorrow. 我想明天去溜冰3） n. 溜冰鞋ice skate ； roller skate 旱冰鞋13. factor1）n.（造成某結

15、果的） 因素、要素the main factor that caused dispute 造成糾紛，的主要因素， eg：Honesty is one factor for his success. 誠信是他成功的因素之一。2） n. 因子、因子14. crew n.（船、飛機、火車等的） 全體工作人員（集體名詞）eg：The crew is large. 工作人員很多。eg：The crew of the jet are 30 in all.全體機組人員總共是個。eg：The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten.這架飛機有七十名乘客，名

16、機組人員。crew cut 小平頭；crew neck 圓領毛衣【課文講解】1.Fish and chips has always been a favorite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.fish and chips 油煎魚加炸土豆片 ，英國的一種家常菜，被看做是一盤菜，因此用單數(shù)動詞；而Jane and Keith have always been good friends of ours 謂語動詞為have been. 用

17、and相連的名詞看成一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果把他們看成分開的部分，動詞就用復數(shù)形式；如上句。more and more 越來越eg：The spectators got more and more excited. 觀眾們越來越興奮。eg：More and more doctors have begun to use the new medicine.越來越多的醫(yī)生使用這種新藥。 1）dish 在這里指“一盤菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：eg：I like French dishes.我喜歡（吃）法國菜。eg：Would you like a sweet dish?您要一盤甜食嗎？2）

18、the dishes餐具3）常用于口語，用做單數(shù),帥氣的意思eg：Mary's new boy-friend is quite a dish, isn't he? Mary新交的男朋友挺帥的，是不是？4）dish the dirt揭短，揭瘡疤eg：Journalists dished the dirt about this famous singer. 記者們揭了這個著名歌星的瘡疤。5）dish out 大量分發(fā)eg：There are many people dishing out leaflets to passers-by.有很多的人正在向路人分發(fā)傳單。2. So it

19、comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. it comes to learn that 聽說North Sea 北海 terrify, frighten, fear和 scare的區(qū)別 frighten最普通,沒有特殊的意義,僅表示"嚇唬"或"使害怕"；scare在口語中與frighten可以通用,但是在文學作品中,總是用它 表示"把某人嚇跑"；scare還表示恐嚇，實際并沒有發(fā)生的事情。t

20、errify指"使(某人)感到恐怖",受到這種驚嚇的人是不能自制的。語氣最強烈.Fear當我們害怕某種東西而而產(chǎn)生的一種害怕感覺。1）terrify 使某人害怕，感到恐怖eg: He terrified the children with ghost stories. 他用鬼故事來嚇孩子們。 2)You scared me! 嚇我一跳!3. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, hav

21、e been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. 1）be frightened out of their wits 被嚇暈了、被嚇得驚惶失措 （be frightened/scared to death/out of one's wits某人被嚇得要死）eg：The children are frightened to death by the thunderstorm. 孩子們讓雷雨嚇得要命。 2）out of one's wits 表示“失去理智”、

22、“驚慌失措”：eg：She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire. 大火嚇得她驚慌失措。eg: Are you out of your wits?（Are you out of your mind?) 你瘋了嗎？ 3）bump into 的含義之一是“碰上”、“撞上”： bump against/into sth與某物相撞eg: I bumped into a chair in darkness. 我在黑暗中碰到了椅子。eg: Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policem

23、an. 那醉漢在黑夜中閑蕩時撞到了一個警察的身上。eg：I saw the taxi bump into a parked car . 我看到出租車撞上一輛停著的汽車。bump into 也可以表示“偶然遇見”、“碰見”（多用于口語）：eg: Guess who I bumped into today? 你猜我今天碰到誰了？eg: I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我開會時碰見了簡。4. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.have sth d

24、one get sth done 讓別人做某事=ask sb to do sthhave had.made 是使役式的完成式。（cf第66 課語法）have 作為完全動詞還可以構成使役式，其形式為： have+名詞或賓格代詞+動詞的過去分詞。由于have 是完全動詞，所以其疑問句與否定句由do/did 構成。與被動語態(tài)相似，使役式著重表示的是對某物（或某人）做了什么而不是某人做了什么。用被動語態(tài)或使役式時，我們可能不知道或認為不必指明為我們服務 的人是誰。然而，使役式比被動語態(tài)更加強調“使”別人為我們服務這一事實。我們要表示讓別人為我們做某事時，通常不用主動語態(tài)。讓別人給理發(fā)時，不可說I wa

25、nt to cut my hair 而要說 I want to have my hair cut。eg: I' m having my car repaired.我正在讓別人修理我的汽車。（使役式的進行式）eg: Did she mend the type writer herself?No, she had it mended in town.是她自己修理打字機的嗎？（主動語態(tài)）不，她讓別人在城里修的。（使役式）eg: How nice your car looks!Thank you. I' ve just had it washed.你的車看上去真漂亮！謝謝。我剛讓人洗過

26、。（使役式的完成式）eg: You' ll need some warm clothes for the journey.I'll have some new clothes made next week.這次出去旅行你需要帶一些暖和的衣服。我下周就讓人做幾件。（使役式的將來式） protect .from protect against eg：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴著太陽鏡保護眼睛免受強光傷害。eg: He tried to protect the chi

27、ld from the rain/the dog.試圖使孩子不被雨淋/狗咬。eg: This coat will protect you against the cold.這件大衣可以給你御寒。5. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favorite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. fish : squid 魷魚 goldfish金魚 carp鯉魚

28、crucian 鯽魚 scales魚鱗 fins鰭gill鰓 frozen fish 凍魚 smoked fish 熏魚 fresh fish 鮮魚 boiled fish 煮魚fried fish 煎魚 grilled fish 烤魚 favourite eating varieties, 深受人們喜愛的食用的品種。eating 在這里為形容詞，表示“供食用的”，它有時也表示“宜生食的”：eg: Eating corn is quite sweet.食用玉米很香甜。eg: These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.這

29、些是生吃的蘋果，那些是烹任用的蘋果。eat up your dinner.吃完你的飯！ as much as 像一樣（最大限度）數(shù)詞 + 量詞 + in + 名詞as far as + 從句eg: This is as far as I can drink.我再也不能喝了。not . but .  不是而是 twelve feet long這條魚有13英尺長。thirteen feet highthirteen feet wideThe fish is two feet in length.The fish is one feet in widthThe fish is one fe

30、et in height6. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: cause for/to sth理由，緣故（直接原因）eg: You have no cause for complaint/You have no cause to complaint. 你沒有理由抱怨eg: Driving too fast may cause an accident. 開車太快會引起事故。eg: She is never absent from work without good cause. 她決不無故缺勤。 v.造成（某事物）.e

31、g: The cold weather caused the plants to die.天氣寒冷凍死了植物。eg: She's always causing trouble for people.她總是給人添麻煩。eg: This car caused me a lot of trouble. 這輛車給我?guī)碓S多麻煩。 cause sb to do sth：導致某人做某事eg: Illness caused him to lose his temper.疾病使他發(fā)脾氣。eg: His illness caused him to miss the game. 他因病不能參加比賽。cau

32、se sth. to sb. / for sb. 給某人帶來eg: He often causes trouble to / for people.cause：強調事情發(fā)生的直接原因reason：其他各種的理由7. The warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; overboard adv.（自船上） 到水中fall overboard 從船上落水、 從火車上掉下來 plentiful adj

33、. 豐富的、很多的（反義詞scarce）a plentiful supply of water 水供應充足a plentiful supply of food食物供應充足plenty n.plenty of books 大量的書plenty of money 大量的錢 ； plenty of time 大量的時間; plenty of通常用于肯定句中否定句、疑問句則用enough , much , many 8. the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.absence 1）n. 缺乏、缺少eg：Absence of rain

34、 caused the plants to die. 缺乏雨水造成植物死亡。2）n. 不在、外出、缺席eg： Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在時要規(guī)矩點。after an absence of seven from school 缺課七天之后 total1）total 在這里表示“完全的”、“徹底的”（相當于complete）：eg: His letter is a total surprise to her.他的來信完全出乎她的意料之外。eg: That girl is a total stranger to me.我根本不認識那姑娘。total

35、absence of . 完全沒有total absence of mind 心不在焉9. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. as a result of 結果是（It turns out to be）eg：He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞,他遲到了。 as a resulteg: He didn't work hard at mathematics. As a result, he fa

36、iled in the examination.他沒有用功學數(shù)學。因此，他考試沒及格。 eat and eat and grow and grow 吃呀吃,長呀長。eg：We waited and waited . 我們等了又等。10. Who eats who? 究竟誰吃誰呢？5. favourite eating varieties 6. unnatural sizes7. as much as8. cause sb to do sth 9. as a result【關鍵詞組摘錄】1. it comes to learn 2. frighten sb out of ones wits3.

37、bump into4. protect sb from sth【Key structures】 have 的用法Exercise 改寫以下句子，用適當?shù)膆ave 結構來替代刮號中的部分：（1）Special cages（have been made） to protect the divers from these monsters . They have had special cages made to protect the divers from these monsters . 特殊的籠子被制作出來保護潛水員免受這些怪物襲擊。（2）The oil companies（make the

38、m repaired） frequently . The oil companies have had the rigs repaired frequently .石油公司要經(jīng)常安排人去修理鉆井平臺。（3）The divers（must） often work in total darkness . The divers often have to work in total darkness .潛水員必須要在完全一片漆黑中工作。（4）He（has published） a book. He has a book polished . 他有一本書被出版了。（5）We（need） to prot

39、ect fish stocks.We have to protect fish stocks . 我們需要保護魚的總量。（6）We（have not sent） the letter to his new address . We have not had the letter sent to his new address .我們沒有叫人把信寄了他的新地址。（7）”I（will send ） the package to you , “ she promised 。承諾說他我會把包裹寄給你的?！盜 will have the package sent to you , “ she promi

40、sed .他承諾說我會找人把包裹寄給你的。（8）（Must）you go so soon？你這么快就要走了嗎？Do you have to go so soon ？（9）Are you going to（clean） this suit ？你打算洗這件西服嗎？Are you going to have this suit cleaned？你打算找人洗這件西服嗎？（10）When will you（fix） this loose handle ？你什么時候會修理這個把手呢？When will you have this loose handle fixed.你什么時候會找人修理這個把手呢？（11

41、）I（must） take this car in for new brakes to be fitted .我必須把新的新剎車調整一下I have to take car in to have new brakes fitted .我必須讓新的新剎車被調整一下（12）How long is it since you（needed） to see a doctor？從你上次（需要）看病到現(xiàn)在有多久了。how long is it since you had to see a doctor？（13）The doctor told me I（must） get more exercise .醫(yī)生告訴我必須多鍛煉。The doctor told me I had to get more exercise .【Special Difficulties】被看作整體的、用and連接的兩個名詞當主語是and連接的兩個名詞時，謂語通常用復數(shù)形式： An umbrella and a