中學英語語法精典總結(jié)6

1、中學英語語法精典總結(jié)650.分數(shù)表達：二分之一: half a/an 或a half. 如：half an hour= a half hour半小時 Its half past seven.(省略冠詞)以下情況中，分子(基數(shù)詞)若超過一，分母(序數(shù)詞)需加s： 三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds 四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter 四分之三: three fourths或three quarters. 五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它類推。 若分數(shù)所在of短語作主語，謂語依of后的名詞

2、而定： Two fifths of the students are on time. (指名詞復數(shù)時，謂用復) Two fifths of the land is polluted. （指不可數(shù)時，謂用單）51.到達：1get to + 地點 get to Shanghai/London/China 接地點副詞時，不帶to. get there/home/here. 2arrive in+大地點(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(school/hospital)， arrive只作不及物動詞。所以也可單獨用：Please ring me up when you

3、 arrive.reach只作及物動詞，后直接加地點：reach Beijing/England 但常不說reach home/there/here. 52.感嘆句：What + 名詞短語+主語+謂語！What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What good news! What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What a pity! How +形容詞 / 副詞+ 主語+ 謂語！ How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are! Ho

4、w carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!等與加of的區(qū)別： 1because 后接句子，because of 接名詞或代詞。 He didnt come because he was ill. / because of his illness. 2instead是副詞，單獨在句尾。instead of 還要接名詞或代詞。 We didnt have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it. 3out 副詞，可單獨用，但若接地點，先加of.（也可作介詞， “向外”，可不加of

5、. 一般不要求掌握。) He went out early.或He went out of the house early.54.too much, too many與much too: much too“過于”，加形容詞或副詞原級。much too big/slowly等。 too much“太多的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。too much work/rain等。 too many“太多的”，加可數(shù)復數(shù)。too many books/people等。55. alone / lonely: 1alone,“獨自一人；單獨”不含感情色彩?？僧斝稳菰~，但只在系動詞后作表語：Jack is alone. 杰

6、克是單身。The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老婦一個人在屋里。 可當副詞，修飾動詞：She lives alone. 她獨居。 Can you move the stone alone? 你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎？Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克獨自在海灘漫步。（注意：不可說very alone. 但可說very much alone. 是特例）2lonely, “孤獨的；寂寞的”帶有傷感色彩。只當形容詞?？稍谙祫釉~后作表語：The old man is lonely.這位老人是孤獨的。He has man

7、y relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多親戚，但感到孤獨。（lonely 和心理感受有關，而alone和心理感受無關。）也可在名詞前作定語：a lonely person一位孤獨的人a lonely village一個偏僻的村莊 （alone不可作定語）56.belong to與be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother. (人) This suit is mine /Lucys /my brothers /hers. （某物是某人的）常見用法：1“通過”I study English by memorizin

8、g grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike.2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?The train had left by the time he got there.3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun. 4“經(jīng)過”He passed by me without noticing me.5“在旁邊”Sit by me. They are playing by the river.58.部分用i

9、n的短語：in English, in a good way, in a hurry,in pen / ink (見105), in the day(見92), in different sizes,in different shapes, in a difficult situation， in good health, in a red coat / in red(見46), in style, in the open air(露天場所)59.比較級與最高級部分要點：1不規(guī)則形式或易錯形式：much/manymoremost bad/badly/illworseworstfarfarthe

10、r/furtherfarthest/furthest littlelessleastfewfewerfewest oldolder/elderoldest/eldest以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞常把-ly換成-lier/-liest.2常見比較級/最高級句型：He runs faster than me. (有than)He did better than any other student in the school. (參照48)Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個范圍內(nèi))He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者

11、，此句型中加the)He is the tallest of the three (boys). (三者)Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇)Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者選擇)Its the second longest river in China. （序數(shù)詞后用最高級。）3“越來越”比較級+and +比較級He cried harder and harder. She is getting taller and taller.類似：bigger and bigger / happier and ha

12、ppier / fatter and fatter / stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse另一種情況：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /4“越, 越”“the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭，倒裝。The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.The younger we are, the more energy we have.The more you eat, the fatter

13、you will get.5“越來越多的”more and more +名詞More and more people are getting richer and richer.We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water .6“得多”much + 形容詞/副詞比較級This room is much bigger than that one. 類似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/

14、similar/mysterious7“另外的(個) ”結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)量+ more + 名詞one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles, much more truth, some more meat, a lot more wood,a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞替代：five more trees = another five trees (記住詞的位置)60.talk, tell, say, sp

15、eak: 1talk只作不及物動詞。Dont talk in class. Shall we talk about our English study?He is talking with his teacher. May I talk to you? (talk with/to sb talk about sth)2tell只作及物動詞,“告訴；講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Who told you the news?3say必須接有內(nèi)容。Please say it in English. He said nothing.“I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say?say 若接sb, 則需先加to: I must say sorry to you.“I overslept this morni