高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納與真題演練

1、.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中最靈敏、最難掌握的詞，在歷年高考題中動(dòng)詞所占比例最大。設(shè)題時(shí)給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在詳細(xì)語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)意義的理解和運(yùn)用才能。一，主要?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的有十一種。見下表：時(shí)態(tài)名稱構(gòu) 成一般如今時(shí)do/does,連系動(dòng)詞is/am/are一般過(guò)去時(shí)did,連系動(dòng)詞was/were一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/areaboutto do如今進(jìn)展時(shí)is/am/are doing過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)was/were doing將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)will be doing如今完

2、成時(shí)has/have done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall have done如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)has/have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should do was/were going to dowas/wereaboutto do二，主要時(shí)態(tài)的根本用法和重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊一一般如今時(shí)根本用法：1.表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用行為動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用We always care for each other and help each other.2.表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制The geography teacher told us

3、 the earth moves around the sun.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：1.表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、方案或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只用一般如今時(shí)；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。2.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般如今時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)可以用shall或will表“意愿，不表示時(shí)態(tài)；Ill go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.3.

4、以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。There comes the bus.汽車來(lái)了。/ Here she comes.她來(lái)了。二一般過(guò)去時(shí)根本用法：1.過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年輕時(shí)生活在北京。2.表達(dá)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我們參觀了那家工廠。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：1.有些動(dòng)詞如：think, want, plan等用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中常常譯為“原來(lái)認(rèn)為/以為，原來(lái)想，原方案。 I

5、 thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't.2.考生有時(shí)用如今完成時(shí)代替一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hello, I _you were in London. How long _here?A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been三一般將來(lái)時(shí)根本用法：1.表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài)The first time well send you with an experienced reporter.

6、2.表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作Oil will float on water./ Crops will die without water.一般將來(lái)時(shí)幾種特殊表達(dá)形式的區(qū)別1.be going to：表示某人打算做某事或有跡象說(shuō)明即將發(fā)生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital./ It looks as if it is going to rain.2.be about to：表示即時(shí)的將來(lái)。一般不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Now ladies and gentleman, youre about to hear the most incredible tal

7、e.3.be to：可用來(lái)表示按方案、安排通常是正式的安排；指令會(huì)做；必定會(huì)發(fā)生或已發(fā)生了某事；發(fā)布命令或告之規(guī)那么 Their daughter is to get married soon.四如今進(jìn)展時(shí)根本用法：1.表示如今正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.2.表示按方案安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：如今進(jìn)展時(shí)與always, often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩Why are always forge

8、tting his name?五過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)根本用法：1.表示按方案安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作My father is coming to see me this Saturday.2.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.3.用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)動(dòng)作He said she was arriving the next.day.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：考生有時(shí)用如今完成時(shí)或用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替

9、過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)。Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.He _a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _it.A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finis

10、h六將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)根本用法：1.表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語(yǔ)When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.2.表示如今正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來(lái)I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.3.表示預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)Stop the child or he will be falling over.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：將來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)不僅表示“將來(lái)，還含有“意志、意愿等

11、的意思Ill try my best to hard work at English.我將盡全力努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。含意愿的意思Ill be studying English next term.下學(xué)期我將學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。表示單純的將來(lái)2.跟一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)比較模糊，而跟進(jìn)來(lái)進(jìn)展時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常詳細(xì)Ill write a letter to my father tomorrow.我明天要給父親寫信。Ill be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我會(huì)給父親寫信的。七如今完成時(shí)根本用法：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)如今產(chǎn)生的影

12、響或結(jié)果，說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。I have finished the report. / She has cleaned the room.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：1.表示從過(guò)去開場(chǎng)，持續(xù)到如今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for.,“since.表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He has learned English for six years. / They have worked here since they left college.2.表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地人已回來(lái)用“have/has been to,表示“到某地去了還未回來(lái)用“have/has gone to。Where is Li Hua? He has

13、gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there.join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin, start, break out等短暫性動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。要翻譯“他已參軍已經(jīng)三年了。不能說(shuō)：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三種方法：“ago法：He joined the army thre

14、e years ago.“延續(xù)法：He has been in the army for three years.“since法：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.八過(guò)去完成時(shí)根本用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走過(guò)來(lái)之前，他已將門關(guān)上了。Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午為止，一切都正常。重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：1.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開場(chǎng)一直延

15、續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 2.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match.九將來(lái)完成時(shí)根本用法：用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻前將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ)，when, be

16、fore引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：1.在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用如今完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻以前已完成的動(dòng)作 Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it.2.與by the end of引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用時(shí)要看“of后面的名詞所表示的時(shí)間概念來(lái)決定是用將來(lái)完成時(shí)還是用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。We will have learned 2019 English words by the end

17、of this term.We had learned 2019 English words by the end of last term. 十如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)根本用法：用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開場(chǎng)一直持續(xù)到如今還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：如今完成時(shí)與如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的比較1.如今完成時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果I have read that book.知道那本書的內(nèi)容2.著重表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到如今還將繼續(xù)下去Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I_ the

18、living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 十一過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)根本用法：相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He told me he would go to Beijing. / I was told that he was going to return home.重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊：would do表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣總是，總會(huì)，常常。He would sit silent for hours.他常常接連好幾個(gè)小時(shí)默默地坐著。三，動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

19、態(tài)構(gòu) 成一般如今時(shí)am/is/are done一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were done一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would be done如今進(jìn)展時(shí)am/is/are being done過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)was/were being done如今完成時(shí)have/has been done過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been done將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/would have been done含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/may be done二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用注意點(diǎn)1.主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見動(dòng)詞有：cut, sell,

20、read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash等。This knife cuts well. / These books sell well. / The pen writes smoothly.Meat wont keep long in such hot weather. / The cloth washes well.一些連系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式形容詞。常見動(dòng)look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。The apples taste good. / The flower smells wonderful.The n

21、ews proved/turned out true. / Cotton feels soft.主語(yǔ)+need/want/require表示需要被的時(shí)候，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)或用不定式的被動(dòng)式。The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.be worth doing表示某事值得去做。參看第八講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞The Great Wall is worth visiting.2.常見沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit

22、,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, lose heartThe Second World War broke out in 1939. / Our class consists of 50 students.3.常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的固定句型It is believed/said /reported/hoped/supposed that據(jù)信/據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/人們希望/人們認(rèn)為It must be pointed

23、 out that必須指出It is generally considered that一般認(rèn)為It is well known that大家都知道It must be admitted that必須成認(rèn)高考題練習(xí)2019 1.全國(guó)I卷Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No, I_ my homework all day yesterday.A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do2. 全國(guó)I卷When you are home, give a call to let me know you _safely.A.

24、 are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 3. 全國(guó)I卷The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made4.全國(guó)II卷15Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set B. set C. are set D. are sett

25、ing 5.全國(guó)II卷Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing6. 安徽卷Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy7.安徽卷Can you surprised by the ending of the film?NO, I_ the book, so I alread

26、y knew the storyA.was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read8.安徽卷Weve spent too much money recently.Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives_ around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 9.北京卷In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the &q

27、uot;r" sounds at the end of the words . A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped10.北京卷24.I'm not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends for us.A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting11.北京卷I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wan

28、ted to return on September 20? Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made12.北京卷It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing13.福建卷

29、Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised14.福建卷Guess what ,weve got our visas for a short term visit to the UK this summer.How mice! you a different culture then.A

30、. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced15.湖南卷This coastal area _a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was named B. named C. is named D. names16.湖南卷I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone_ it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. wo

31、uld do D will do17.湖南卷I walked slowly through the market, Where people_ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold18. 湖南卷Im tired out. I _all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopp

32、ed B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping19.江蘇卷why, Jack, you look so tired!Well, I _the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting20.江蘇卷Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work

33、for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 21.江西卷Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she since her marriage to Father.A. shoulders B. shouldered C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering22.遼寧卷Joseph _to evening classes since last month,

34、 but he still cant say “Whats your name? in Russian. A. has been going B. went C. goes D. has gone23.遼寧卷I_ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done24.山東卷Up to now, the program _thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

35、A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved25.陜西卷I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough26.陜西卷It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is b

36、eing built27.四川卷一When shall we restart our business? 一Not until we our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished28.四川卷Youve failed to do what you to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected29.天津卷We _ on th

37、is project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked30.天津卷Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2019 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited31.重慶卷

38、The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes32.重慶卷The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building now.A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained33.重慶卷 Why do

39、 you want to work for our company?This is the job that I for.A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking34.浙江卷 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ _ fresh watermelon in the fall. A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating35.浙江卷For many years, people _ _ electri

40、c ears. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of36.上海卷Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had37.上海卷 The church tower which will be ope

41、n to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored1-5A B C C A 6-10 A B D A D 11-15D A D A A 16-20 B B D D C 21-25 D A B D A 26-30 D D D B C 31-35 C A D D B 36-37B D2019 1.Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have

42、changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makesD. has made2.新課標(biāo)卷 I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be3.新課標(biāo)卷 When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C.

43、was lying D. has lain4. 大綱卷 If you dont like the drink you _just leave it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered5.北京卷Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had condu

44、cted D. had been conducted6.北京卷Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7.北京卷That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. tookD. was taking8.北京卷Bob has gone to Californ

45、ia. Oh, can you tell me when he _? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving9.上海卷 After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later.A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescuedD. had been rescued10.上海卷 Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?A.

46、 would sign B. signedC. have signedD. had signed11.山東卷When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizing B. realized C. have realizedD. would realize12.山東卷She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have be

47、en eating13.江西卷We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night.A. brokeB. had brokenC. has brokenD. was breaking14.江蘇卷I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A. are working B. will work C. were w

48、orking D. will be working15.江蘇卷Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one.A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved16.安徽卷I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. wi

49、ll it land D. had it landed 17.浙江卷The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but luckily, everything was going on smoothly. A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given 18.福建卷Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ from China.

50、A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received19.四川卷All visitors to this village _ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated20.四川卷What a mistake! Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success. A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D.

51、 had suggested21.遼寧卷Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _. A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing22.遼寧卷By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_ from college. A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been D. had graduated23.天津卷In the last few years thousands of films _ allover the word.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced24.天津卷On the next birthday. Ann _married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C.