(完整版)初中近義詞辨析

1、八年級(jí)詞類(lèi)辨析1. tell, talk, say, speak(1)tell 告訴，講述tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告訴某人某事(2)talk 交談talk to/with sb.和某人交談talk about sth.談?wù)撃呈?3)say 說(shuō)， 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)的內(nèi)容say hello to sb.向某人問(wèn)好(4)speak 說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言練習(xí) 1 ：2. Can youme the truth?3. What language do you?4. This is what theyyesterday.5. Dont in class ， please be quiet.

2、2. look, look at, see, watch(1)look 看起來(lái)look+ 形容詞(2)look at 朝看 強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作(3)see 看見(jiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果(4)watch 觀看尤其指看電視，看球賽等練習(xí)2：1. The coatnice, I want to buy one for my daughter.2. Pleasethe blackboard, can youanything?3. She doesn t like TV, but she likesfootball game.(1)(2)(3)sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái) listen to 聽(tīng) hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)3. sound，

3、listen to, hearsound+ 形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果練習(xí)3：1. the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.2. I can t you , because there s something wrong with my ears.3. What you saidinteresting.4. receive, accept(1)receive 收到強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀接受(2)accept 接受，收下強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀接受She received his letter but she can t accepted his love.練習(xí)4：He a

4、 present yesterday, but he didn t it, because it was too expensive.5. look up, look for, find, find out(1)look up 查詞典、書(shū)、電話簿等，代詞放中間look it up(2)look for尋找強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動(dòng)作(3)find 找到強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果(4)find out發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果指經(jīng)過(guò)努力而發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)論練習(xí)5：1. He often takes a dictionary andthe new words in it?2. The little girl her pen everywhere but

5、 didn t it at last.3. Look! Lucy is crying over there. Let's go andwhy is she crying.6. keep, borrow, lendkeep借可以保留一段時(shí)間(2)borrow 借強(qiáng)調(diào)將東西接進(jìn)來(lái)borrowfrom從借來(lái)(3)lend 借強(qiáng)調(diào)將東西借出去lend.to借給練習(xí)6:1. -My bike is broken, can I yours ,Lily?- Oh, sorry, I ' ve it to Sandy.2. You can my recorder for three days.

6、3. We often books from our school library.4. He often money to his brother.7. reach, arrive, getreach 到達(dá)，夠得著是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞(2)arrive 到達(dá)不及物動(dòng)詞arrive in+大地點(diǎn)arrive at+(3)get 到達(dá)不及物動(dòng)詞get to到達(dá)練習(xí)7:1. They will in Chengdu next week.2. How do you to school every day?3. Use a longer stick, then you can the apples.小地點(diǎn)8.

7、 thanks to, thanks for(1)thank to 幸虧，由于(2)thanks for 因謝謝練習(xí)8:1. your help, I ' ve understand it.2. the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food.9. give in, give up(1)give in 投降(2)give up 放棄 give up doing sth.放棄做某事練習(xí)9:1. We shouldn' t learning English!2. I would rather die than before my enemi

8、es.10. achieve, come true(1)achieve 實(shí)現(xiàn)(理想、愿望、預(yù)言等)及物動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)一般為人(2)come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)不及物動(dòng)詞組，主語(yǔ)為夢(mèng)想，理想練習(xí)10:1. He works so hard that he is sure to his dream.2. His prediction of human ' s flying to the moon _.11. turn off, close, turn on, open(1)turn off 關(guān)(電器)turn on 開(kāi)(電器)(2)close 關(guān)(門(mén)、窗、書(shū)等)open 開(kāi)(門(mén)、窗、書(shū)等)練習(xí)11

9、：1. the windows please, it s so cold outside.2. the lights before you leave the room.3. The dog the box and took the bone out!4. the TV, I want to watch the NBA basketball games.12. break off, break out, break into, break down(1)break off中斷關(guān)系，突然終止(2)break out指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)(3)break into非法進(jìn)入或闖入(4)break down壞掉，

10、(車(chē)、船等)拋錨，中途不工作練習(xí)12：1 He was late for school yesterday, because his car on the half way.2 The World War n when she was only five.3 They their friendship and didn t talk to each other any more.4 Last night a thief my house and took away my TV.13. reply, answer, solve不及物動(dòng)詞reply to sb.及物動(dòng)詞answer questio

11、n及物動(dòng)詞solve problem(1)reply 回復(fù)，答復(fù)(2)answer 回答 , 答案(3)solve 解決，處理練習(xí)13：1. What did Mr. Smithto what others said?2. No one in our class canthis question.3. It s too difficult for everyone tothat problem.4. She failed to my question.5. We haven t _ to his letter yet.6. None of us knew the to the problem.

12、14. hope, wish(1)hope 希望 , 指較為現(xiàn)實(shí)的想法hope to do或 hope + 從句，但沒(méi)有hope sb to do(2)wish 希望，指不太現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求或想法wish to do 或 wish sb to do練習(xí)14：1. -The weather may be fine tomorrow.-Iso.3. Mum me to be a doctor in the future.4. How II could fly to the moon!15. take, cost, spend, pay(1)take 花費(fèi) , 尤指花費(fèi)時(shí)間, 主語(yǔ)為物it takes s

13、b. some time to do sth.(2)cost 花費(fèi) , 指花金錢(qián)，主語(yǔ)為物sth. cost sb. some money(3)spend 花費(fèi) , 主語(yǔ)為人spend.(in) doing或 spend.on sth.(4)pay 花費(fèi) , 主語(yǔ)為人pay for練習(xí)15：1. It oftenabout 3 hours to get to school from my home.2. -Who will for the bill?-Maybe our boss.3. The househim 30,000 dollars.4. His cousinthe whole day

14、 making the toy car yesterday.16. take part in, join, attend(1)take part in參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)(2)join指參加某組織，成為其中的一個(gè)成員(3)attend指參加會(huì)議，婚禮，葬禮，典禮；去上課，上學(xué)，聽(tīng)報(bào)告等練習(xí)16：1. Mr. Wangthe Party 5 years ago.2. They invited Lilythe English evening.3. He ll an important meeting tomorrow.17. do with ， deal with(1)do with 處理，應(yīng)付在問(wèn)句中要

15、與what 連用(2)deal with 處理，對(duì)付在問(wèn)句中要與 how連用練習(xí)17：1. How can youthat problem?2. What do youthe event?(1)put on 穿上強(qiáng)調(diào)穿衣的動(dòng)作(2)wear 穿著強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的狀態(tài)，是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(3)dress 第交衣服賓語(yǔ)為人dress oneself(4)in 穿著強(qiáng)調(diào)穿戴的狀態(tài)be in+顏色18. put on, wear, dress, in練習(xí)18：給某人自己穿衣服1. the warm clothes, it s cold outside.2. Mary is alwaysred cl

16、othes . Maybe red is her favorite color.3. The little boy couldhimself when he was three years old.4. The old mana pair of glasses.19. win, beat ， defeat1. ) win 贏得一般指贏得比賽，獎(jiǎng)品或戰(zhàn)斗，賓語(yǔ)為物2. ) beat 戰(zhàn)勝，打敗一般指打敗參加比賽或游戲的人或團(tuán)體，賓語(yǔ)為人(3)defeat 戰(zhàn)勝，打敗一般指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人，賓語(yǔ)為人練習(xí)19：3. Our team hasthe football match, we are all

17、happy.sad.4. The Brazilianfootball team us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very5. The armythe enemy at last.20. be made in, be made of, be made from, be made up of(1)be made in在哪里制作，后面接產(chǎn)地(2)be made of由制成，看得出原料(3)be made from 由制成，看不出原料(4)be made up of 由組成，強(qiáng)調(diào)由個(gè)體組成整體練習(xí) 20：1. The deskwood.2

18、. This kind of watchShanghai.3. Our class 50 students.4. Paperbamboo.21. have been to, have gone to(1)have been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)(現(xiàn)在在說(shuō)話地)，可與次數(shù)連用(2)have gone to 已經(jīng)去了(現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話地)練習(xí) 21：1. They Italy for more than 7 years, so Italy is their second home.2. -How many timesHainan?-Only 3 times.22. too much, much too, t

19、oo many, many too(1)too much太多toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞(2)much too太 much too+形容詞(3)too many太多toomany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(4)many too用法不存在練習(xí) 22：1. The computer isexpensive.2. Stop, Peter. You talked .3. Don t eatapples every day.4. Father, have a rest. You ve _ tired today.5. Hurry up! You have wasted time.23. many, much , lo

20、ts of , a lot ( of )(1)many 許多(2)much 許多(3)a lot of/lots of(4)a lot 很，非常練習(xí)23：many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much+不可數(shù)名詞許多 a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞a lot修飾動(dòng)詞1. of the visitors are workers.2. Has Jack have money?3. During those three weeks, he ate meat.4. I did not understand why you had so strange questions.5. Althou

21、gh he is a boy, he reads .24. above all ， after all ， first of all ， at all, in all(1)above all最重要的是, 尤其是，強(qiáng)調(diào)要引起特別注意(2) after all畢竟,終究(3) first of all首先,強(qiáng)調(diào)次序(4) at all根本，絲毫否定 +at all(5)in all總共,總計(jì)練習(xí)25：1. Never waste anything, but never waste time.2. , let me introduce myself to you.3. There are 35 st

22、udentsin our class.4. He is still a child _. Don t blame him.1.1 don t know him.26. passed, past(1)passed經(jīng)過(guò)動(dòng)詞pass 的過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞(2)past經(jīng)過(guò)介詞或副詞練習(xí)26：1. They hurried the building.2. Tom by me without greeting just now.3. The train for the small town leaves at ten eight.4. Two weeks had since Martin had seen

23、 him.5. In the , I have had many jobs.27. agree to, agree with, agree on(1) agree to表示一方提出一項(xiàng)建議、安排、計(jì)劃等，另一方同意協(xié)作(2) agree with表示同意某人或某人的意見(jiàn)、想法、分析、解釋等；(氣候、食物等) “適合”的意思。(3) agree on/upon雙方經(jīng)過(guò)協(xié)商，達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)agree on/upon doingsth.練習(xí)27：1. I what he said.2. All those who the plan, raise your hands.3. We leaving the

24、re the next day.4. The food doesn t _ him.28.build, found, set up, put up(1)build建筑，建造建造指施工建筑(2)found創(chuàng)立，成立，創(chuàng)辦成立，創(chuàng)辦指創(chuàng)立一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，組織或國(guó)家(3)set/put up搭起，豎起，掛起豎起，掛起后者常見(jiàn)練習(xí)28：1. Last year a cinema was near our school.2. The rich man the hospital and a school in the town where he was born.3. The People s Republic

25、 of China was in 1949.4. The newspaper reporter his camera under a tree.29. a number of, the number of(1)a number of 許多，大量a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)(2)the number of 的數(shù)量the number of+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)練習(xí)29：1. There were people out this afternoon.2. Do you write down my telephone?3. of trees planted is never und

26、er 200 in our village every year.4. We have lived here years.5. of jobless people grow in the country at present.30. get( be ) ready, prepare, prepare for(1)get(be)ready 準(zhǔn)備好強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)果be/get ready for/to do準(zhǔn)備好了做某事(2)prepare準(zhǔn)備強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作與過(guò)程，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受著(3)prepare for 為 做準(zhǔn)備賓語(yǔ)不是動(dòng)作的承受者練習(xí)30:1. Mother is busy lunch

27、in the kitchen.2. The doctor told the nurses to the operation at once.3. We all to do anything for the people.4. The students are the final exam.31. but, however, while(1) but強(qiáng)調(diào)前后意思轉(zhuǎn)折，并且轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)氣最為強(qiáng)烈(2)however一般放在兩句之間，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)獨(dú)立成句，表示意思的轉(zhuǎn)折(3)while著重強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩者對(duì)比練習(xí)31:1. I like the film,I have no time to see it.

28、2. It ' s raining hard. , I think we should go out.3. Tom is reading Jim playing football.4. You should finish your work before nine o'clock, you can have a break before you start it.32. for example, such as(1) for example舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況，一般只舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，可作為插入語(yǔ)for example+ 句子(2)such as通常用來(lái)列舉事物，一般列

29、舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)such as+ 詞語(yǔ)練習(xí)32:1. He,is a good teacher.2. I know many students of your school, Wang Hong,.3. He can speak five foreign languages,German and French.4. He knows several languages, he knows English and Japanese.5. Boys , John and James are very friendly.6. There are many fruits, apples, ban

30、anas, oranges and grapes.33. alive , living , live(1)alive 活的，有生命的(有死的可能但仍然活著)作后置定語(yǔ)，放在名詞后作表語(yǔ)或作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在名詞前，一般指人the living活著的人作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞前，一般指動(dòng)物作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物(2)living活的，有生命的live活的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的(4)lively活波的，活躍的，有生機(jī)的練習(xí)33:1. Who is the greatest man?2. My brother bought a fish?3. The people are more important tha

31、n the dead.4. The badly wounded soldier was unconscious but still5. She is a girl.34. across, through(1)cross(動(dòng)詞)通過(guò)，穿過(guò)表示在物體表面上橫穿，如橫穿馬路，過(guò)河，過(guò)橋等(2)across(介詞)橫跨，橫穿，穿越 go across=cross(3)through(介詞)在 之中，穿越 表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，如森林，玻璃等練習(xí)34：1. Look around when you walk the street.2. She drove straight the town.3. Ther

32、e is no bridge the river.4. Water flows this pipe.5. The sunlight come the window.35. compare,compare with , compare- to(1)compare 比較，相比(2)compare.with 把 和 比較(同類(lèi)事物間的比較，比較 )compare.to. 把比作( 表示異類(lèi)相比，比喻 )練習(xí)35:1. If you these two words, you can tell the difference between them.2. Please this word that on

33、e and tell me the difference.2. We usually children flowers of the motherland.36. custom, habit(1)custom 風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)指一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)社會(huì)在發(fā)展過(guò)程中長(zhǎng)期沿襲下來(lái)的禮節(jié)、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣(2) habit 習(xí)慣指一個(gè)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間養(yǎng)成的自然習(xí)慣練習(xí)36:1. He has formed the of smoking after meals.2. It is the in China to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.3. He has falle

34、n into the of getting up late.4. They broke some of the old.37. also, too, either, as well的區(qū)別(1)also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，用于肯定句中位于be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。(2)too多用于口語(yǔ)中，常用于肯定句或者一般疑問(wèn)句。位置通常位于句末，前有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。(3)either用于否定句，位于句末。(4)as well是副詞短語(yǔ)，多用于口語(yǔ)中，位于句末。練習(xí)37:1. He doesn ' t want to go.2. He can swim.3. He is a student.4

35、. He is a boy,.38. alone, lonely(1)alone (adj.) 獨(dú)自的，單獨(dú)的作表語(yǔ)(adv.)獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地做狀語(yǔ)(2)lonely (adj.)孤單的，寂寞的，荒涼的，偏僻的作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)練習(xí)38: 1. He lives but he never feels.2. Mr. Green was out. His little son David stayed at home, but he didn ' t feel39. others, the others, other , the other:(1)others另一些，在一些指三者或三者以上人或物中除去已知部分后“余下部分中的某一些”someothers 一些 另一些.(2)the others其余的，剩余的 指三者或三者以上的人或物中除去已知部分后"余下部分的全部“。(3)other另ij的，另外的，其他的 后常跟名詞，泛指另外的人或物(4)the other另一個(gè)指兩者中的一個(gè)，與 one連用 onethe other.練習(xí)39:1. I don ' t like these. Please let me see some.2. Three of you go there, and stay here.3. Do