北京考博英語輔導(dǎo)班講義

1、北京考博英語輔導(dǎo)班講義(;不斷增加中) 英語翻譯與寫作常用動賓詞組一、政治類：把捐給慈善機構(gòu) donate to charities 把看成社會公敵 look upon as a threat to society 把列為基本國策 list.as fundamental national policies把作為指導(dǎo) take as the guide 把理論和實際結(jié)合起來 integrate theory with practice 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 擺脫貧窮落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness 保護(hù)婦女權(quán)

2、利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) womens rights against infringement 采取各種措施 adopt various measures參政、議政 participate in the management of State affairs 充滿信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁區(qū) break off a forbidden zone得出結(jié)論 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion 鍛造一

3、支人民軍隊 forge a peoples army 對具有深遠(yuǎn)的影響 have a far-reaching impact on對做出重要(巨大)貢獻(xiàn) make important (great, major )contributions to 反對各種形式的恐怖主義 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高舉偉大旗幟 hold high the great banner 給帶來機遇和挑戰(zhàn) present (bring) both opportunitie

4、s and challenges to 根除 (防止,消除)* root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption觀察當(dāng)今世界 observe the present-day world 緩和緊張狀況 ease the tension回顧奮斗歷程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加強輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 堅持改革開放政策 adhere to

5、the reform and open policy 堅持統(tǒng)一，反對分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧見 understanding and iron out differences 減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān) alleviate farmers burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解決溫飽問題 solve the problem of food and clothing 解決新問題 resolve new problems 進(jìn)入世界先進(jìn)行列 edge into the advance

6、d ranks in the world 進(jìn)入新時期 enter a new period 進(jìn)行和談 hold peace talks 進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整 make strategic readjustment 就接受妥協(xié) accept a compromise on 開發(fā)西部 remake the west開始生效 go into effect (enter into force) 開拓前進(jìn) open up new ways forward 科教興國 rejuvenate our country through science and education理順關(guān)系 rationalize the

7、relationship履行權(quán)利和義務(wù) perform the responsibilities and obligations 邁出重要的一步 make an important step熱愛和平 love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 審時度勢 size up the situation 實現(xiàn)發(fā)展繁榮 bring about development and prosperity 實現(xiàn)民族獨立 realize national independence 實現(xiàn)夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes 實現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) achieve th

8、e goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 實行新政策 practice new policies 受到全世界廣泛關(guān)注 attract extensive attention worldwide 縮小差別 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中華民族的振興大業(yè) implement the revitalization of our nation維護(hù)世界和平 maintain wo

9、rld peace 吸收各國文明的先進(jìn)成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放權(quán)力給 delegate the management of . (to .) 響應(yīng)號召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布召開 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治國 govern the country according to law引起全國的關(guān)注 arouse the c

10、oncern of the whole nation引起全世界廣泛關(guān)注 attract extensive attention worldwide贏得一個又一個勝利 win one victory after another 在中起(至關(guān))重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in增強凝聚力 enhance the rally power 增強綜合國力和國際競爭 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness展望偉大征

11、程 look into the great journey 展現(xiàn)生機和活力 display ones vigor and vitality 戰(zhàn)勝無數(shù)的困難 overcome numerous difficulties 振興西部 revive the west振興中華民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises 政企分開 separate government functions from enterprise management 政務(wù)公開 mak

12、e government affairs public主張各國政府采取行動 urge governments of all countries to take action抓住機遇 seize the opportunity轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能 transform (shift) the government functions 追求進(jìn)步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth走進(jìn)新時代 march (stride) into the new era.遵紀(jì)守法、廉潔奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law a

13、nd honestly perform one's official duties遵循規(guī)則 follow the principles二、經(jīng)濟(jì)類愛崗敬業(yè) cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work保持國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良好勢頭 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持國有股 keep the State-held shares 保證下崗職工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受賄賂

14、be accused of accepting bribes采取不同的辦法 adopt various methods采取反壟斷措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承擔(dān)風(fēng)險 bear (take) risk籌集足夠的資金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)創(chuàng)收外匯 earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求 spur domestic demand 刺激國內(nèi)需求 stimulate domestic demand從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive econo

15、my to intensive economy 從國外引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and 經(jīng)驗 management expertise 促進(jìn)地區(qū)間的合作 promote regional cooperation促進(jìn)改革 promote reform 促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering 打假 take strong measures against f

16、ake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods)打破壟斷 break the monopoly對提出控告(投訴) lodge complaints against對造成(構(gòu)成)威脅 form (pose) a threat to 奪回失去的市場 take back lost market 發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢 give full play to ones advantages 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險 take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投資環(huán)境 improve the

17、environment for investment 趕超先進(jìn) surpass the advanced給帶來積極影響 bring a more positive impact on 根據(jù)市場作出調(diào)整 gear ourselves to the market orientation 公證財產(chǎn) notarize the properties 和達(dá)成(簽訂)協(xié)議 reach (sign) an agreement with 和進(jìn)一步合作 further cooperation with 和有合作關(guān)系 have cooperative ties with 活躍市場 enliven the marke

18、t集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development 計算出準(zhǔn)確的工資水平 figure out an exact salary level加快經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 speed up economic development and restructuring 加快競爭步伐 accelerate the competition加快努力 speed up efforts 加強風(fēng)險防范 prepare oneself against possible risks 加強管理 reinforce the management減緩?fù)ㄘ浘o縮的壓力 ease th

19、e seriousness of deflation減輕的負(fù)擔(dān) reduce (lighten) the burden of (on) 減員增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon 解除勞動關(guān)系 sever labor relation 解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)精簡機構(gòu) streamline government organs 竟?fàn)幧蠉?compete for the post舉

20、報非法行為 disclose any illegal activities開辟更多渠道 open more channels開發(fā)(青睞)中國市場 tap (favor) the Chinese market 開拓市場 exploit markets 控制通貨膨脹 control inflation (keep inflation under control) 擴(kuò)大貧富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor擴(kuò)大消費市場 expand consumption market留職停薪 retain the job but suspend the s

21、alary 面對可能的壓力和競爭 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)(的發(fā)展) balance economy取締非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings) 讓處于同一起跑線 put on the same platform and at the same starting point 讓位于競爭需要 give way to the need for competition 申請專利 apply for a patent實現(xiàn)目標(biāo) realize

22、 the goal適應(yīng)的發(fā)展 adapt oneself to the development of損失慘重 suffer great losses 縮小不平衡狀態(tài) decrease the imbalance 縮小間的距離 narrow the gap between 提高公務(wù)員工資 raise the salaries of civil servants提高管理水平 raise the management level提高居民生活 improve residents standard of living調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) adjust the industrial structure 推廣科研成

23、果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements) 退還大量錢款 give back an amount of money脫貧致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 完善服務(wù) perfect services為帶來多種經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to 為提供巨大商機

24、 present huge business opportunities 吸收游資 absorb idle fund吸引外商投資 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble 向投資巨額資金 invest huge amounts of money into 消滅假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品 wipe out fake products 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以質(zhì)量求生存

25、、求發(fā)展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality 優(yōu)勝劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior 優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共運輸 give priority to the development of public transportation 有巨大潛力 have huge potential for 與國際市場接軌 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the gl

26、obal market 在建立分公司 set up branches in 造成很大壓力 pose a big pressure on 造成損失 cause a loss to增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入 invest more in agriculture占領(lǐng)市場10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market 招商引資 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas) 制訂法律 make a law of 制定優(yōu)惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 cre

27、ate smoke screens to do 阻礙的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 handicap (hamper) the economic development 阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的規(guī)律 follow the law of market economy 三、文化生活類把列為世界自然文化遺產(chǎn) list as a world natural heritage site擺架子(擺譜兒) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn) protect cultural heritag

28、e (relics)博采各國文化之長 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重歷史 neglect history 采取保護(hù)態(tài)度 take protective attitude承擔(dān)應(yīng)有的義務(wù) undertake the due obligations承前啟后，繼往開來 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分發(fā)揮知識分子的積極性give full play to the initia

29、tive and creativity of intellectuals 和創(chuàng)造性 觸擊現(xiàn)行法律的盲區(qū) touch a blank area of the existing law創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city 辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) 從事電子商務(wù)工作 conduct e-commerce 促進(jìn)兒童身心健康發(fā)展 promote the healthy development

30、 of children both physically and mentally促進(jìn)交流 promote the communication促進(jìn)文化市場健康發(fā)展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products促進(jìn)相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群眾的廣泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住的誘惑 resist the temptation of 對持歡迎態(tài)度 take a welcoming attitude to對情有

31、獨鐘 show special preference (favor) to 發(fā)揮的聰明才智 develop ones own talents and wisdom發(fā)揮潛力 tap ones potential繁榮文學(xué)藝術(shù) enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art反映中國的燦爛文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off ones high horse, throw off ones

32、airs) 腐蝕人的靈魂 poison ones mind 改進(jìn)教學(xué) improve teaching and learning給學(xué)生減負(fù) alleviate the burden on students 和持相同觀點 share views similar to互派訪問學(xué)者 exchange visiting scholars激發(fā)旅游熱情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling繼承歷史文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng) carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine histori

33、cal and cultural traditions加強文化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) build more cultural establishments講誠信，反欺詐 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交換意見 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people 經(jīng)受住暴風(fēng)雨的考驗 weather the storm 精心編寫教材 compile the textbooks with great care凈化因特網(wǎng) purify the Net 舉辦文化節(jié)(展覽會)

34、hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)舉行學(xué)術(shù)會議 hold an academic meeting 開創(chuàng)假日經(jīng)濟(jì) initiate Holiday Economy開發(fā)潛力 exploit ones potential 開闊視野 widen ones vision (horizon) 開設(shè)課程 offer courses開展對外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries開展群眾性文化活動 carry out mass activities on culture攀登

35、事業(yè)的高峰 climb ones career ladder評估學(xué)業(yè)成績 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition 普及九年制義務(wù)教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知識，傳播科學(xué) popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread 思想，倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit 啟發(fā)學(xué)生 e

36、nlighten the students容納三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers掃除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy 上網(wǎng) get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet實施以德育為核心、以創(chuàng)新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education 精神和實踐能力為重點的 and emphasizing creativity and practice素質(zhì)教育 使英語達(dá)到更高水平 push ones English to

37、 a higher level 受到的關(guān)注 receive attention from疏導(dǎo)游客 divert tourists疏通關(guān)系 lubricate relationships樹立企業(yè)良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 刷卡, 劃卡 punch the card; stamp the card 陶冶情操 cultivate ones taste (temperament) 提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle (way of life)提高公務(wù)員的綜合素質(zhì) improve the overal

38、l quality of civil servants 提高全民反毒品的意識 raise the consciousness of the entire people vs. drugs提高知名度 raise ones prestige提供受教育機會 offer a chance of education通過資格考試 pass qualification examinations透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì) see through the appearance to perceive the essence 推動人類文明進(jìn)步 push forward human civilization挖墻腳 underm

39、ine the foundation of sth. (cut the ground from under sbs feet) 物質(zhì)文明,精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to (place equal emphasis on) the material progress and cultural (ethical) progress 相互促進(jìn) help each other forward向世界展示中國文化建設(shè) introduce Chinas achievements of cultural advancement to 的成就 the world向?qū)W生傳授知識 im

40、part knowledge to students消除誤解 clear up misunderstanding 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance形成文明、健康、崇尚科學(xué) form civilized, healthy and science-upholding social practice的社會風(fēng)尚 以全新的面貌進(jìn)入新世紀(jì) enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 引起激烈爭論 spark a hot debate營造

41、良好的文化環(huán)境 create a healthy cultural environment影響身心健康 affect physical and psychological health有力地推動教育的發(fā)展 give a big push to the development of education與各國人民交往 communicate with people of all countries增強自我保護(hù)意識 strengthen ones awareness of protecting ones right找工作 hunt for a job值得重視(關(guān)注) deserve ones att

42、ention 制止盜版軟件 control the pirated software重視(優(yōu)先考慮)教育發(fā)展 give priority to the development of education重視實用性 place stress on practicality尊重知識，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people四、科技環(huán)保類 幫助減緩全球變暖速度 help slow down the pace of global warming保持生態(tài)平衡 keep ecological balance保持水土 preserve soil a

43、nd water保護(hù)和改善生活和生態(tài)環(huán)境 protect and improve the living environment and the 保護(hù)珍稀野生動植物 protect rare wild animals and plants保留為自然耕地 reserve as natural farmland 采用環(huán)保技術(shù) adopt environmental protection technique采用新的開采方法 apply new exploitation methods參加城市重建 participate in the reconstruction of the city參加環(huán)保運動 t

44、ake part in environmental protection activities產(chǎn)生巨大的水文效應(yīng) produce great hydrological effects崇尚綠色生活方式 pursue a “green” life創(chuàng)造良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境 create a pleasant ecological environment促進(jìn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展 promote the sustainable development of the city發(fā)展太陽能 develop solar energy防治污染 prevent and control pollution非常注重保護(hù)森林 pay

45、 great attention to the conservation of forest改善生態(tài)環(huán)境 improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)關(guān)閉化工廠 close chemical plants加大污染治理力度 strengthen pollution control加強城市綠化 strengthen the greening of the city加強環(huán)境保護(hù) strengthen environmental protection 加強生態(tài)建設(shè) improve the eco-construction加強水土保持 rein

46、force the conservation of water and soil堅持門前三包制度 adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”減少機動車輛 reduce the number of vehicles減少浪費 reduce waste揭開人類生命的奧秘 decode the secret of human life進(jìn)一步加快環(huán)保規(guī)劃 further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚燒 prohibit burning out in the open開展保護(hù)野生

47、動物宣傳教育 advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals開展綠色活動 advocate green activities擴(kuò)建管道網(wǎng)絡(luò) expand the pipe network普及環(huán)保知識 popularize environmental protection knowledge竊取密碼 snatch password竊取知識產(chǎn)權(quán) lift intellectual property 實行嚴(yán)格的機動車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) implement strict vehicle emission standards使電腦死機 cr

48、ash computers 使用再生紙 use recycle paper探索的奧秘 probe the mysteries of 淘汰或改造燃煤鍋爐 eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers提高環(huán)境管理水平 raise the environmental management level提高居民的環(huán)保和生態(tài)意識 improve residents environmental and ecological awareness 提高清潔能源的比重 increase the supply of clean energy resources投放電腦病毒 un

49、leash viruses完善城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) perfect the construction of urban infrastructure為大量野生動植物提供棲息地 provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants為人類提供水和食物 supply water and food for human beings享受國家一級保護(hù) enjoy first-class protection of the State削減污物排放 decrease the disposal of pollutants抑制傳染病的傳播 stra

50、in the spread of infectious diseases 引發(fā)一系列的問題 result in a series of problems預(yù)防愛滋病蔓延 prevent the widespread of AIDS增強環(huán)境意識 enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection戰(zhàn)勝非典 defeat SARS 治理沙地和水土流失問題 tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重節(jié)約資源

51、attach importance to saving resources五、人口類不服從父母 disobey their parents倡導(dǎo)人力資源管理 advocate the management of human resources調(diào)查性和婚姻狀況 conduct a survey on sex and marriage對子女寄予厚望 pin great hopes on their children反映人們的私生活 reflect peoples private lives鼓勵創(chuàng)建文明家庭 encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”過孤獨的生

52、活 lead an isolated life堅持計劃生育的基本國策 stick to the basic state policy for family planning 進(jìn)行全國人口普查 carry out national population census 禁止他人作克隆人的實驗 inhibit others from doing human cloning experiments開辟人類歷史新紀(jì)元 start a new chapter in the history of human控制人口數(shù)量(增長) control the population size (growth)實現(xiàn)向低

53、出生、低死亡、低 bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction 自然增長的現(xiàn)代人口再生 pattern characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and 產(chǎn)類型的轉(zhuǎn)變 low natural growth rate損害人類社會的道德觀 damage the morality of human society縮小代溝 narrow the gap提倡晚婚晚育 encourage late marriage and late childbirth 提出離婚 as

54、k for a divorce提高人口素質(zhì) improve the population quality維護(hù)和促進(jìn)人民的生存權(quán) safeguard and promote the peoples rights to subsistence and和發(fā)展權(quán) development 維護(hù)*和不斷改善*狀況 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation 享受優(yōu)越的生活條件 enjoy good living condition顯示明顯的差異 display a marked difference優(yōu)化人口結(jié)

55、構(gòu) optimize the population structure 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 bear and rear better children占總?cè)丝诘?0% account for 10% of the total population造成不同的思想和觀念 result in a different ideology and concepts造福人類和科學(xué) benefit mankind and science正確處理經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同人口、 correctly handle the relationship of economic development 資源、環(huán)境的關(guān)系 versus (with)

56、 population，natural resources and environment 征求父母的意見 ask for her parents opinion掙零花錢 earn their pocket money重視人口老年化問題 pay attention to the problem of an aging population 逐漸削弱長輩的權(quán)威 undermine the authority of the older generation 尊重和保障* respect and guarantee human rights六、體育類避開與比賽 avoid playing against標(biāo)志一個歷史時刻 mark a historic time表現(xiàn)完美 give some very good performance剝奪冠軍 strip the gold medal of somebody 采取新的計分方法 adopt a new scoring system參加火炬接力 participate in the torch-relay參加熱身賽 take part in a key warm-up game參加申辦活動 participate in the bidding campaign超過世界記錄 surpass the world r