上海高考英語-十一選十解題指導(dǎo)及訓(xùn)練

1、學(xué)科老師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員姓名：年 級：輔導(dǎo)科目： 英語學(xué)科教師：授課日期授課時(shí)段授課主題 選十解題指導(dǎo)及訓(xùn)練教學(xué)內(nèi)容課前回顧知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)1:解題指導(dǎo)及訓(xùn)練題型特征及考點(diǎn)1、選詞填空的特點(diǎn)1）義章不會(huì)太長2）第一句是主題句且不設(shè)空3）每隔1530個(gè)詞有一個(gè)空，共 10空14）方框中詞匯難度不高，文章略彳氐于閱讀理解難度2、選詞填空的考點(diǎn)l 1）詞匯方面：以實(shí)詞即名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞為主2） 2）語法方面：考察詞性之間關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力L 3）邏輯方面：考察上下文聯(lián)系解題步驟12第步：詳談選項(xiàng).詞分類第二步：略讀全文，定中心L_.第三步：畸前顧后.晟活選第四步,復(fù)核檢查，定結(jié)果選詞填空解題技

2、巧1）詞性判斷2）常用搭配3）內(nèi)在邏輯4）感情色彩5）語法常識(shí)選詞填空解題步驟第一步：通讀全文通讀全文是用較快速度，一行一行地讀，目的是把握至少 90%的內(nèi)容。選詞填空的選項(xiàng)詞義互不關(guān)聯(lián)，詞性也不同，而且還有干擾項(xiàng)，一定要先了解文章大意，帶著文章脈絡(luò)去找選項(xiàng)。務(wù)必先沉著地把文章讀一遍，尤其注意橫線前后的位置，為尋找正確選項(xiàng)打下鋪墊。提醒：通讀就是根據(jù)首段原則以及首末句原則，迅速抓出文章的主題。判定文章主題對于篇章的整體把握具 有很大的積極意義。第二步：整理選項(xiàng) classify the options我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)詞性把選項(xiàng)中的每個(gè)單詞進(jìn)行分類歸納標(biāo)，標(biāo)出它們的詞性。目前只考實(shí)詞中的四種：名詞

3、n做主語和賓語，動(dòng)詞v做謂語，形容詞 adj做定語，副詞adv做狀語。不考代詞和數(shù)詞；也不考虛詞特點(diǎn)：四種實(shí)詞中，考的最少的是副詞不超過兩個(gè)空。剩下的三種平均每種有三道題。根據(jù)真題，動(dòng)詞一直是考三個(gè)。另外三種詞性，平均每種有三道題。另外三種詞性， 有兩個(gè)的，也有四個(gè)的。標(biāo)注詞性時(shí)注意的問題1 .不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞看詞綴2 .認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞要注意詞性的單一性和多樣性。比如 display, concern, challenge3 .動(dòng)詞歸類要細(xì)分為 v, v-ed, v-ing。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)空可以填動(dòng)詞，但填原形還是過去式還是-ing形式要自己根據(jù)語法判斷。此外，以-ing, -ed結(jié)尾的詞也可能是分詞轉(zhuǎn)變而

4、來的形容詞。如 acquired做動(dòng)，： academic skills he acquired.做形容詞：newly acquired jacket 。這時(shí)怎么辦？碰到這種情況，先一律看成是動(dòng)詞，包括非謂語動(dòng)詞， 然后，根據(jù)是否存在缺 adj的具體情況來決定。4 .如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一組近義詞或反義詞時(shí)，要結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行試填，找出最合適的詞。如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一組近義詞或反義詞時(shí)，往往有一個(gè)是干擾選項(xiàng)，它注重考察的是詞匯的精確理解，要求考生分析清楚其細(xì)微的區(qū)別。第三步：選詞填空我們在選擇時(shí)，根據(jù)所掌握的英語語法規(guī)則來初步確定每個(gè)空應(yīng)填詞匯的詞性，縮小選擇范圍。然后，根據(jù) 上下文的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)選擇合適

5、的選項(xiàng)填空。如何判斷原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性：1.動(dòng)詞的確定：一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞；一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號(hào)，后面一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。（判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以從謂語和非謂語進(jìn)行區(qū)分，如果是作謂語，結(jié)合主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、固定搭配及詞義進(jìn)行辨 析從而縮小范圍）a.前后都是名詞短語，中間一般為動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)看前后文）；b.空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面沒有賓語，空格處應(yīng)填不及物動(dòng)詞；c.空格處前面是名詞/代詞，空格處后面是副詞/介詞，空格處應(yīng)填入不及物動(dòng)詞，與副詞/介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配;e.不定式to后為動(dòng)詞原形，介詞 to后面為動(dòng)名詞；f.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面為動(dòng)詞原形；g.空格處前面是名詞/代詞，后面是形

6、容詞，空格處應(yīng)填入系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞。2 .名詞的確定：（可以是名詞、動(dòng)名詞）a.名詞主要做主語、賓語；b.形容詞或名詞都可以修飾名詞；c.限定詞（the, this, that, a, my之類）后必卜有名詞;d.謂語動(dòng)詞前必有名詞或名詞性質(zhì)的主語；e.介詞后面必有名詞或相當(dāng)與名詞的詞3 .形容詞的確定：（可以是形容詞、過去分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞）a.名詞的前面或后面。b.副詞的后面。c.系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞后面。4 .副詞的確定：a.動(dòng)詞的附近（指前面或后面）。b.形容詞的前面。c.句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成份。運(yùn)用邏輯和語言知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備解題根據(jù)固定搭配或語感主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失信息，然后正確匹配固定搭配：在選詞填空中，

7、約定俗成的固定搭配不是很多。但是，對固定搭配的另外一種理解是這種搭配很常見，比如：漢語說 學(xué)知識(shí)”，而英語不說 learn knowledge而是“acquire knowledge 還有，當(dāng)我們說heavy traffic是表示交通擁堵。此外，非常重要的一點(diǎn)是注意介詞，即我們通常所說的to,因?yàn)樵谀撤N程度上，它們能給我們關(guān)于選擇項(xiàng)的提示。所謂語感，就是對語言的感覺，它是在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和閱讀中形成的一種潛在的語言能力。有時(shí)候是你無法解釋理由，理清復(fù)雜句式或上下文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行解題對復(fù)雜句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析能幫助我們對句子的成分更加清晰，能清楚地確定空格處所需填入詞匯的詞性，甚至可能的意思。上下文邏輯關(guān)系

8、也對選項(xiàng)產(chǎn)生影響。大家需要關(guān)注形式上的邏輯關(guān)系和意義上邏輯關(guān)系。所謂形式上的邏輯關(guān)系就是我們通常講的因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)等；而意義上的邏輯關(guān)系就是以語篇表達(dá)的意思為線索，前后文中，意義上存在那些關(guān)系。比如說，描述一個(gè)人的心情的變化，心情好時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用的是積極詞匯，而心情不好時(shí)則使用消極詞匯。當(dāng)然，形式和意思之間存在緊密聯(lián)系，不能割裂開來。第四步：復(fù)讀全文，謹(jǐn)慎調(diào)整填空完成后，再次復(fù)讀全文，自我感覺上下文是否通順、內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系是否連貫。如有問題也需要謹(jǐn)慎的微作調(diào)整。真題A. contentsB. takingC. carefullyD. plasticE. packagingF. declinedG

9、. freelyH. typicalI. contractsJ. registeredstepl詳讀選項(xiàng)，詞分類考查詞匯的詞性：adj.: plastic, typicaladv.: carefully, freelyn.: contents, packaging, contractsv.: taking, declined, registered考查詞匯的基本詞意：contents （內(nèi)容），taking （拿，?。琧arefully （仔細(xì)地），plastic （塑料的），package （包裝），declined （婉拒），freely （自由地），typical （典型的），cont

10、racts （合同）,registered （登t己）step2略讀全文，定中心文章主題：介紹了一位倫敦廣告執(zhí)行者Gignac回收并再利用商品包裝的故事。If the package looks pretty; people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine.Justin Gig

11、nac, 26, has sold almost 900 41 presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the BigApple at between $50 and $100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs（ 紀(jì)念品）.The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world.It all began when Mr. Gigna

12、c was at a summer workshop. Wehad a discussion about the importance of42, he recalls. Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want. ”He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical 43 include broken glass, subway ticke

13、ts, Starbucks cupsand used 44 forks. Special editions are offered at a high price. He charged $100 for rubbish from the openiiday of the New York Yankees stadium.Mr. Gignac denies 45 his customers for fools: They know what they re getting. They apprecithat they re taking something nobody would want

14、and finding beauty in it.”Some 46 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors.It s actually quite a lot of effRealizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr. Gignac has 47 a company and is empl

15、oying his girlfriend as vice president. He 48 to d iscuss his profit margins: putting them together - but yet, garbage is free.Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 49 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London.41、【參考答

16、案】C【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的副詞。本句意為“Justin Gignac 26歲，已經(jīng)賣出了近 900個(gè)精心包裝的塑料盒子，里面裝的是從大蘋果（紐約）的大街上撿來的廢物， 每盒售價(jià)在50到100美元”，句中的presented plastic修飾名詞boxes,空格處應(yīng)該選擇副詞修飾起形容詞作用的過去分詞presented。副詞carefully在此意為 仔細(xì)地、精心地”，符合句意，所以 C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。42、【參考答案】E【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的名詞。本段句意為我們討論了有關(guān)包裝的重要性有些人認(rèn)為包裝不重要，我不同意這種觀點(diǎn) ”空格前的介詞可斷定此處應(yīng)該填名詞

17、，所以E選項(xiàng)為正確答案。43、【參考答案】A【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的名詞。本句意為他在曼哈頓的街上仔細(xì)搜尋，尋找的典型物品（內(nèi)容）包括破損的杯子 ”根據(jù)句意和空格前的形容詞和空格后的動(dòng)詞，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入名詞，所以A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。44、【參考答案】D【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的形容詞。本句為43題所在句的后半部分，仍是說明典型物品包括哪些具體內(nèi)容，意為和使用過的塑料叉子”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的形容詞及空格后的名詞，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入形容詞，所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。45、【參考答案】B【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的動(dòng)名詞。本句意為“GignacB生否認(rèn)將他的顧客當(dāng)

18、作傻瓜 ”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的動(dòng)詞和空格后的名詞， 可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞 taking作為動(dòng)詞deny的賓語，同時(shí)又和介詞for 構(gòu)成詞組，所以B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。46、【參考答案】H【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)題意選擇合適的形容詞。本句意為些典型的客戶包括 ”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的限定詞和空格后的名詞，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入形容詞，所以H選項(xiàng)為正確答案。47、【參考答案】J【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)題意選擇合適的動(dòng)詞。本題意為發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)理念確實(shí)可以賺大錢后，Gignac先生已經(jīng)注冊了一家公司 ”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的助動(dòng)詞和空格后的名詞，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式， 與前面的助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，

19、所以J選項(xiàng)為正確答案。48、【參考答案】F【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的動(dòng)詞。本句意為池婉言拒絕討論他的利潤空間”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的代詞和空格后的不定式符號(hào)，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入謂語動(dòng)詞，所以F選項(xiàng)為正確答案。49、【參考答案】I【思路解析】本題考查根據(jù)句意選擇合適的名詞。本句意為他承認(rèn)他已經(jīng)與那些對類似項(xiàng)目感興趣的人簽訂了合同，他們遠(yuǎn)在柏林和倫敦 ”，根據(jù)句意和空格前的動(dòng)詞和空格后的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，可以斷定此處應(yīng)填入名詞，所以I為正確答案。鞏固練習(xí)【虹口】A. basedB. scheduleF. ambitiousG. successDirections: Complete the fo

20、llowing passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.C. individual D. determined E. achievingH. studyingI. marvelJ. smarterThe Secret of Successtoas recerThe secret of success is that there is no secret. Some people succeed be

21、cause they are just _41_ than other people. Some people succeed because they just work harder than other people. And some people succeed because they are just plain lucky.Ma Donghan is a student at Tsinghua University who is _42_to be successful and she s not going to leave itluck. Ma is obviously s

22、mart because she s a student at the best university buChen初lan for success is _43_ onthe old fashion value of hard work. You can see that by the weekly schedule she s set up for herself which wposted online.Every hour of every day is accounted for. There is her classroom _44_, of course, but then bl

23、ocks of time are set aside for _45_ each subject and also for a few activities like playing sports. There are no hours set aside for just relaxing and there are only five hours allotted （分配）each night for sleeping. She has set a very _46_, almost punishing schedule for herself, but it seems to be wo

24、rking.Other students _47_ at Ma s diligence and discipline but doubt that they could achieve the same level of success. Perhaps not, but Ma is obviously a unique and special _48_. She has set high goals, made a plan to achieve those goals, and worked hard to keep to her plan. This is what other stud

25、ents can learn from Ma.In school, as in life, _49_ is never guaranteed and not everyone will find him or herself at the top of the pyramid. The important thing to remember is that having a plan and working hard to stay with the plan will bring you a level of success that just being smart and lucky c

26、annot.|【嘉定】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. losingB. influence C. originalD. identifiedE. futureF. regularlyG. attracted H. convincing I. carefullyJ. processSome people are hap

27、py to believe in ESP （超感官知覺）while others are firm disbelievers.Parapsychologists （靈學(xué)專家）,who lend a certain seriousness to the subject, have 41four types of ESP: O type called clairvoyance describes the act of being able to obtain knowledge of a person or event without the use of the normasenses; Ano

28、ther type, telepathy, is the 42 by which a person is able to read another personof any of the normal senses; Still another type, psychogenesis, is the ability to43a physical object just by thinkiabout it; The last type, precognition, is the term applied when somebody is able to foresee44events.ephOv

29、er the years there have been many ESP experiments conducted by serious scientists in serious institutions. Jos Banks Rhine, a botanist at Duke University published a famous book in 1934 called Extra-Sensory Perception in which he claimed to have overwhelming (壓倒的) evidence of ESP. However, other sci

30、entists have been unable to repeat his resultexactly in the same way, which has resulted in the book45much of its original reliability.The Granzfield experiments are considered to have been the most46examined ESP experiments.theexperimenters would compare the messages received to theexcitement and i

31、nterest at the time but the research failed to produce4748messages sent out. There was a great deal results.Human beings are49to the supernatural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate humanexperimenters had their eyes covered and ears blocked while a sender attempted to transmit messages.

32、 LaterThe truthSome of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Whoknows? One day we might just find thes

33、e answers because one thing is certain,虹口41-49: J D A B H FICG嘉定 41-49 D J B E A I C H G【靜安】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. campaignB. notedC. focusD. carefulE. releasedF. fal

34、lG. trendH.deadI. majorJ. extendedWASHINGTON (Reuters) -The U.S. unemployment rate probably rose in October as employers stepped up hiring only slightly, underscoring President Barack Obamas vulnerability in next weeks presidential election.Employers likely added 125,000 jobs to their payrolls last

35、month, according to a Reuters survey of economists. That would be up from 114,000 in September, but would 41 short of what is needed to quickly cut the jobless rate.Indeed, economists expect the unemployment rate - a key .42 in the neck-and-neck race for the White House -to tick up by a tenth of a p

36、ercentage point to 7.9 percent, reversing part of a surprise drop seen in September.The Labor Departments closely watched report, which will be 43 at 8:30 am (1230 GMT) on Friday, Nov 2, will be the last 44 report card on the economy before Tuesdays presidential election, which pits President Obama

37、against Republican Mitt Romney.If economists are right, it will show the eighth straight month of lackluster job growth, a worrisome 45thatwould likely reinforce the Federal Reserves resolve to keep easy money policies in place until the economy shows more vigor.The weakness in overall economic grow

38、th momentum has46into the last quarter of the year, said MillanMulraine, an economist at TD Securities in New York.Romney has made the nations feeble jobs market, which has plagued Obama since he took office in 2009, the centerpiece of his 47. The latest Reuters/Ipsos daily tracking poll showed Obam

39、a and Romney in a _48 heat.Still, the report could provide fodder for both candidates. Some economists have 49 an increase in the joblessrate might have a silver lining if it is driven by Americans pouring into the labor market to restart job hunts.靜安 41-49 FCEIG JAHBDirections: Complete the followi

40、ng passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. break B. concentration C. increasingly D. exhibits E. existingF. highlighted G. major H. shiftedI. sought J. survivedPainting has been continuously practiced by humans for som

41、e 20,000 years. It was one of the earliest ways in which man _41_ to express his own personality and his emerging understanding of an existence beyond the material world. Unlike music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have _42_ to the present day. Painting, like other arts, _43

42、_ universal qualities that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major _44_ examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Russia. But some 5, 000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were created

43、 _45_ to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions. Therefore, Western shared a European cultural tradition the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World.Western painting is in general distinguished by its _46_ on the representation of the human figur

44、e. The Renaissance文藝復(fù)興）extended this tradition through a close examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world. The first real _47_ from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The

45、landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was _48_ concerned with“ painterlyof thealnitesaction of light andcolor and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests contributed to the development of a third _49_

46、tradition in Western painting, abstract painting.4149. IJDEH BACGDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. complexityB. imagesC. elementaryD. signalsE. willinglyF. independentlyG. menta

47、lH. experimentI. leapsJ. monsterA noted American psychologist once remarked that childhood is a magical period in one s life. Indeed it is, for during childhood, one undergoes a step-by-step transformation not only in _41 capacity, but also in physical and verbal skills. Each step 42 an increase in

48、the difficulty of a child s conceptual and learning abilities. During the early stages of childhood, from infancy to about five, the child learns simple skills including using the toilet, bathing and dressing himself _43 At this stage, he also learns to be very observant, curious, imaginative and cr

49、eative. His ability toremember things also _44at this stage. He remembers details that an adult may have difficulty in remembering.Gradually, he learns _45skills in problem-solving. At school, particular in art classes, the child is especially creative.Given a piece of paper and some colored pencils

50、, he draws a variety of _46from his surroundings as well as from hisfamily circle. It is not surprising to see a child draw a_47 to represent an abusive father, and an angel to represent aloving and caring mother.As he graduates to the later stages of childhood bordering on the teenage years, the ch

51、ild learns the 一48 of human relations and socialization by interacting with his peershis friends and schoolmates. He also learns to _49 with new life situations, including dates and part-time work. Given a tight schedule of schoolwork, the child learns to prepare his own schedules of work and play;

52、the more practical and less serious ones manage to take time out of their busy schedules of assignments, reports and tests and examinations to go with their friends on relaxation entertainment.41 45 GDFIC4649 BJAH歸納總結(jié)讓學(xué)生總結(jié)十一選十的注意事項(xiàng)課后作業(yè)Section B2016年高考真題Directions: Complete the following passage by u

53、sing the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the

54、 years, designers and artists have been trying to 41the essentials ofgood design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernis

55、t view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary _42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is

56、 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to ._44with decoration and color again. Product design was heavilyinfluenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen_45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product fusction, purpose, shape, for

57、m, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is _46 . For example, think of a(n) 一47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to _48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side