高一句子成分和基本句型

1、* *句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)英語的基本成分有七種：英語的基本成分有七種：_和和_主語（主語（subjectsubject）、）、謂語（謂語（predicatepredicate）、）、表語（表語（predicativepredicative）、）、賓語（賓語（objectobject）、）、定語（定語（attributeattribute）、）、狀語狀語(adverbial)(adverbial)補語（補語（complementcomplement）。）。主語位置位置：成分：成分：句首；句首； it 作形式主作形式主語語名詞名詞主格代詞主格代詞(I、she等等)doing

2、 /to do主語從句主語從句謂語位置位置：成分：成分：主主語語之后之后 實義動詞實義動詞vt & vivt:一定要接一定要接賓語賓語。vi:可可單獨單獨使用；后接介使用；后接介詞詞加加賓語賓語.（沒沒有被有被動語態(tài)動語態(tài)）2.連連系系動詞動詞+表表語語 (feel cold) 沒沒有被有被動語態(tài)動語態(tài)3.情情態(tài)動詞與動詞態(tài)動詞與動詞原形原形 (ought to work) (情情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞can, should, may might)4.助助動詞與動詞動詞與動詞的適的適當(dāng)當(dāng)形式形式(have finished) (助助動詞動詞:do ,does ,did ,have , has) 常用的連

3、系動詞有常用的連系動詞有：（沒有被動語態(tài)）：（沒有被動語態(tài)）三三 “是是” 三三 “保持保持”；五五 “變變” 五五 “起來起來” 三三 “是是” be, appear, seem, （似乎是）（似乎是）三三 “保持保持” keep, stay, remain 五五 “變變” become, turn, get, grow, go 五五 “起來起來” look, sound, feel, smell, taste prove (to be) 被證明是被證明是 come true （理想）（理想） 實現(xiàn)了實現(xiàn)了 fall ill 病倒了病倒了賓語賓語 位置位置： 成分：成分：動詞動詞/介介詞詞之

4、后；之后； it 作形式作形式賓語賓語名名詞詞、賓賓格代格代詞詞(me, her等等),doing/ to do賓語從賓語從句句表語 位置位置： 成分：成分：系動詞之后系動詞之后形容詞形容詞名詞名詞doing/ to do/done表語從句表語從句定語 位置位置： 成分：成分：名名詞詞之前之前名名詞詞之后（定之后（定語從語從句，修句，修飾飾不定代不定代詞詞）形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞, doing / to do / done定語從句定語從句數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、狀語 位置位置： 成分：成分：句首（修句首（修飾飾整整個個句子）句子）動詞動詞之前之前修

5、修飾飾形容形容詞詞，副，副詞詞副副詞詞介介詞詞短短語語doing/ to do / done狀語從狀語從句句狀語分類一、時間狀語一、時間狀語She is to be married next month. A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 二、地點狀語二、地點狀語He lives over the mountain. The children are swimming in the river. 三、原因狀語三、原因狀語He was sent to prison for robbery. Because she was ill, sh

6、e didnt go to school.四、目的狀語四、目的狀語They went out for a walk. He cupped his ear to hear better. 五、條件狀語五、條件狀語With more money，I would be able to buy it. If you have time , come to my house.六、伴隨狀語六、伴隨狀語I slept with the window open. She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 賓補賓補 位置位置： 成分：成分：doing /to do /d

7、one名名詞詞、形容、形容詞詞、介介詞詞短短語語、及物及物動詞動詞+賓語賓語+賓補賓補常接賓補的動詞 5使5看1聽1感覺5使: let , make, have ,keep ,leave5看: see ,notice, observe, watch, look at1聽: hear1感覺: feelThe boss made him work all day.I saw him cross the street.同位語：同位語：We students should study hard. (students是是we的同位語，都是指同一批的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)學(xué)生生）We all are st

8、udents. (all是是we的同位語，都指同樣的的同位語，都指同樣的我們我們） 1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, th

9、e thunderingClouds held me entirely .主語主語謂語謂語間賓間賓定語定語直接賓語直接賓語狀語狀語主語主語 謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主語主語 謂語謂語狀語狀語主語主語謂語謂語 賓語賓語狀語狀語補語補語狀語狀語英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。一：一： + + LvLv + + （主系表）（主系表）二：二： + + i i （主謂）（主謂）三：三： + +t t + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓）四：四： + +t t

10、+ IO + IO + + D D （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）五：五： + +t t + + + + （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）基本句型基本句型一一: + Lv + （主系表）（主系表） Im in good health. Your idea sounds a good one. It will stay/remain cold (for) several days. I hope your dream can come true.常用的連系動詞有：（沒有被動語態(tài)）常用的連系動詞有：（沒有被動語態(tài)）三三 “是是” be, appear, seem, （似乎是）（似乎是）三三 “保持保

11、持” keep, stay, remain 五五 “變變” become, turn, get, grow, go 五五 “起來起來” look, sound, feel, smell, tasteprove (to be) 被證明是被證明是 come true（理想）（理想） 實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn) fall ill 病倒了病倒了基本句型二基本句型二: + i （主謂）（主謂）1. We study hard.2. The book sells well. 3. Time flies.4. He who laughs last laughs best. 基本句型三基本句型三: +t + （主謂賓）（主謂賓

12、）We did a survey among 368 students.I promise to focus mainly on my study.The contest aims to raise students awareness of protecting the environment.We dont deny that detail is the key to success.基本句型三基本句型三: +t + （主謂賓）（主謂賓）跟跟doing作賓語的動詞有：作賓語的動詞有： 考慮（考慮（consider）完成（）完成（finish）多練習(xí)（）多練習(xí)（practice）避免（避免（

13、avoid）冒險（）冒險（risk）求建議（）求建議（suggest/advise）允許（允許（allow）喜歡（）喜歡（enjoy/appreciate）和介意）和介意(mind) 禁止（禁止（ban/forbid）承認（）承認（admit/permit）或放棄）或放棄(give up/abandon)推遲（推遲（put off/delay）逃避（）逃避（escape）不原諒（）不原諒（excuse/pardon）提及（提及（mention）堅持）堅持(keep/insist on）要想象（）要想象（imagine/fancy）還有詞組還有詞組feel like 和和cant help ,l

14、ook forward to, thanks to ,owing to ,stick to , lead to ,be used/accustomed to ,get down to+doing remember/ forget to do記得記得/忘記要做某事忘記要做某事remember/ forget doing 記得記得/忘記做過某事忘記做過某事regret to do對要做某事感到遺憾對要做某事感到遺憾regret doing后悔做過某事后悔做過某事try to do設(shè)法去做某事設(shè)法去做某事try doing做某事試試做某事試試(看有何效果看有何效果)mean to do打算打算/有意

15、做某事有意做某事mean doing意味著做某事意味著做某事stop to do停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事stop doing停止正在做的事情停止正在做的事情go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事cant help doing情不自禁去做某事情不自禁去做某事cant help to do不能幫忙做某事不能幫忙做某事基本句型三基本句型三: +t + （主謂賓）（主謂賓）基本句型四基本句型四: +t + IO + D （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）I want to choose a suitable present fo

16、r my father.Mothers love gives us encouragement and power.A mother will do everything for her children.We should warn children of the dangers on line.間接賓語前要用間接賓語前要用to的常用動詞有的常用動詞有(_) ：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等等.間接賓語前加介詞間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有的動

17、詞有(_)：buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, play，save等。等。直接賓語前加介詞直接賓語前加介詞of的動詞有的動詞有(_)：cure, convince (使信服使信服), inform, rob, rid(擺脫擺脫, 趕走趕走, 清清除除), warn。基本句型四基本句型四: +t + IO + D （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）give sth to sbbuy sth for sbcure sb of sth基本句型五基本句型五: +t + + 1.S+vt.+n.+n 2.S+vt.+n.+adj3.S+vt.+n.+介詞短語介

18、詞短語4. S+vt.+n.+ to do S+vt.+n.+ do5.S+vt.+n.+doing6.S+vt.+it.+賓補賓補 +真賓真賓(call, name, make, elect, appoint, consider, leave)(make, drive (mad), find, prove, think, believe, consider)(advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell)

19、(使役動詞使役動詞let, make，have和和感官動詞感官動詞observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch)(consider, believe, feel, find)(find)(catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at )基本句型五基本句型五: +t + + （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）Mother wants me to give up some after-class activities.We hear him

20、reading English aloud every morning.I feel it hard to find time to talk with my parents.We should consider it our duty to protect the environment.v.+n.+to dov.+n.+doing.v.+it+adj.+to dov.+it+n.+to do 1 失敗乃成功之母。 2 眼見為實。 事實勝于雄辯/行動比語言更響亮。 遠大的希望造就偉大的人物。5 時光飛逝。Failure is the mother of success. S+L+PSeein

21、g is believing./To see is to believe.S+L+PActions speak louder than words.S+VGreat hope makes great man.S+V+OTime flies. S+VComplicated sentences:6 He who laughs last laughs best. 7 He who plays with fire gets burnt.8 God helps those who help themselves.9 Where there is a will, there is a way.10 If you give