大學(xué)英語四級作文講座_2

1、根據(jù)新大綱的要求, 四、六級作文的字數(shù)為120詞至150詞。按平均每個句子78個詞計算，一篇作文約十幾個句子。而不少考生往往就是這十幾個句子出問題。有些作文雖內(nèi)容較豐富，卻因為句式表達失誤，結(jié)果讓人越讀越糊涂。有的因為隨意亂打標(biāo)點符號，叫人看半天也不知句子應(yīng)從哪兒開始，哪兒完結(jié)。還有的純粹是“意識流”，想怎么。寫就怎么寫, 你明不明白我不管。其實, 閱卷人最怕的就是一串莫測高深的句子。一般來說,一篇作文只要不走題, 句子基本通順, 即可得10分左右。反之，則只有6分或低于6分。這是我們不得不認真對待的。1 1句子要有明確的主語和謂語以及其它必要的句子要有明確的主語和謂語以及其它必要的成分。成分

2、。2 2盡量用自己熟悉和能夠把握的句型。盡量用自己熟悉和能夠把握的句型。3 3句子的長、短要適當(dāng)。不能因怕出錯而都寫句子的長、短要適當(dāng)。不能因怕出錯而都寫短句，也不可追求短句，也不可追求“韻味韻味”而過多用長句。而過多用長句。4 4句子成分不要總是主、謂、賓。要講究一定句子成分不要總是主、謂、賓。要講究一定變化。以增強可讀性。變化。以增強可讀性。I passed all the other courses that I took at my University, but I could never pass botany. This was because all botany studen

3、ts had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory looking through a microscope at plant cells, and I could never see through a microscope. I never once saw a cell through a microscope. This used to enrage my instructor. He would wander around the laboratory pleased with the progress all the stude

4、nts were making in drawing the involved and, so I am told, interesting structure of flower cells, until he came to me. I would just be standing there. “I cant see anything,” I would say. He would begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see through a microscope, but he would always end up

5、in a fury, claiming that I could too see through a microscope but just pretend that I couldnt. “It takes away from the beauty of flowered anyway,” I used to tell him.“ We are not concerned with beauty in this course,” he would say. “We are concerned solely with what I may call the mechanics of flowe

6、rs.” “Well” Id say, “I cant see anything.” “Try it just once again,” hed say, and I would put my eyes to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and then a nebulous milky substance-a phenomenon of maladjustment. You were supposed to see some vivid, restless clockwork of sharply defined pla

7、nt cells, “I see what looks like a lot of milk,” I would tell him. This, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk.Home ComputersIn recent years computers have entered more

8、 and more families in China. Many people find that computer have brought them with great convenience and enjoyment. It is true that a home with a good computer may function like a library, a mini-school, a post-office, an office and a place for entertainment.With the assistance of home computers, pe

9、ople can enjoy reading and writing in a new way. They can even do banking and shopping at home. In addition, one can communicate directly with many places in the world and get rich information very quickly. If one is tired from his work, he can listen to music, watch films or play games through comp

10、uter.However, home computer can cause some problems. Frequent contact with computer at home lead to ones detachment from the society. Gradually, a person may indulge himself with a virtual world. Moreover, children who are addictive to computer games will have trouble in study and life. Home compute

11、r will be a good helper if we use it properly, otherwise, it can become a killer.如果要表達某個意思卻不知用什么句型, 那會極為痛苦。練習(xí)運用不同句型(包括不同詞語)來表達相似的意思，可有效地解決這一問題，同時也有助于避免句式的單調(diào)和重復(fù)。例如：語言不是隨便可以學(xué)好的語言不是隨便可以學(xué)好的, , 非下苦功不可。非下苦功不可。1) It is not easy to learn a language and a good command of a language requires great efforts.2)

12、Great efforts are needed if one wants to learn a language well.3) The mastery of a language is far from easy and requires painstaking efforts.4) We can hardly expect to master a language without working hard.5) A good command of a language calls for great efforts.教授看到聽講座的人寥寥無幾，教授看到聽講座的人寥寥無幾，很感失望。很感失

13、望。1) The professor was disappointed to see so few people at his lecture. 3) Seeing so few people at his lecture, the professor felt disappointed.4) To the professor s disappointment, there were so few people at his lecture.5) The professors disappointment was obvious when he saw so few people at his

14、 lecture.6) Obviously, the professor was disappointed at seeing so few people at his lecture.我出身在一個小鎮(zhèn)上。鎮(zhèn)上只有唯一的一我出身在一個小鎮(zhèn)上。鎮(zhèn)上只有唯一的一所學(xué)校。所學(xué)校。 我在那所學(xué)校讀了我在那所學(xué)校讀了6 6年書。年書。1) I was born in a small town. In it there was only one school. I studies there for 6 years.2) I the small town where I was born, there w

15、as only one school, and I studied there for 6 years.3) I was born in a small town, where there was only one school, I studied there for 6 years.4) I studied for 6 years at the only school in the small town where I was born.要表達一個意思，可使用要表達一個意思，可使用不同句型。不同句型。1) We can express and idea by using different

16、 sentence patterns.2) Using different sentence patterns, we can express a same idea.3) A variety of sentence patterns can be used to express a same idea.4) An idea can be expressed by using different sentence patterns.5) Various sentence patterns are available if we want to express a same idea.6) It

17、 is possible to express an idea by means of different sentence patterns.相聲演員說話，常?！暗舭ぁ薄７且牭侥┝?，才明白所講意思。等聽眾反應(yīng)過來，便禁不住捧腹大笑。如果將句子里較有“份量”的部份移到句尾，形成整個句子的高潮，句子前面的部分產(chǎn)生一點兒“懸念”，非要讀完全句才知究竟，這種句式就叫掉尾句。例如：Who could tell that close to thirty, when a man should “stand firm”, he would lose his head like this over a l

18、ittle nun? (誰知他 (阿Q) 將到而立之年，競被小尼姑害得飄飄然了) 。It is true that some students who tend to do word for word translation in English writing will make some odd sentences.Only ten years later did I get to know that the man who made fake commodities was killed by his crime.Every one of us hopes to do things qu

19、ickly and efficiently, but it is generally acknowledged that “ Haste Makes Waste”.掉尾句可用于作文和段落的開頭，便于引出要討論的話題。如有一篇四級作文，題目是：Getting to Know The World Outside The Campus1. 大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性2. 了解社會的途徑（大眾媒界，社會服務(wù)等）3. 我打算怎么做a) It is quite necessary for college students to get to know the world outside the campus.

20、b) Apart from the book knowledge, college students should be encouraged to get to know the world outside he campus.c) A college student can hardy expect to be a qualified student without necessary knowledge of the world outside the campus.1.a) By watching TV, listening to radio, reading newspapers a

21、nd participating in social activities, college students are able to acquire information about the world.b) Generally, college students can acquaint themselves with the world outside the campus by TV, radio, newspapers and participation of social activities.c) There are different ways for college stu

22、dents to keep themselves informed of the outside world, such as watching TV, listening to radio, reading newspapers and taking a part-time job.2.a) As for me, knowledge can not only be available from books but also from social activities.b) A college student is not a qualified one if he just confine

23、s himself to books.c) Undoubtedly, a good way of applying what one has learned from books is to participate in social activities. 3.把語法結(jié)構(gòu)相同，意思同等重，語氣一致的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句子平行排列，可加重語氣，增強節(jié)奏感。也是展開段落的一種有效方式。例如：In writing English sentences, we should, by controlling sentence structure, by exploiting different position

24、s of a sentence and by manipulating words and punctuation marks, help the reader to distinguish the most important, the less important and the comparatively unimportant.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devot

25、ion to that cause for which they gave the last full measures of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from t

26、he earth. They think we cannot beat them. It will be not easy. It will be a long job; it will be a terrible war; but in the end we shall march through terror to triumph. We shall need all our qualitiesevery quality that Britain and its people possessprudence in counsel, daring in action, tenacity in

27、 purpose, courage in defeat, moderation in victory, in all things faith.Television presents a vivid world in front of us. TV programs not only inform us of current events both at home and abroad, but also bring us with marvelous wonders in the world. By watching TV, we can also enjoy exciting sports

28、 games, lovely wild animals and colorful foreign customs. It is true that television helps to expand our knowledge and beautify our life in a vivid way.Sports and games are good for our health. Undoubtedly, regular participation in games and sports will enable one to build a strong body, to have a g

29、ood appetite and to delay the process of aging. What is more, by the training of sports and games that a person will be quicker in doing things and stronger in fighting against disease.Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are alm

30、ost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasure of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.Project Hope is a great project sponsored by Chinese government to ensure the necessary education f

31、or children who can not afford to go to school. The project encourages people to contribute what they can to help build elementary schools, to enable poor children to receive education and to offer better teaching facilities to schools in developing areas.好的段落必須是段落中的所有句子都集中表好的段落必須是段落中的所有句子都集中表達一個中心思

32、想或中心思想的某一方面。同時，達一個中心思想或中心思想的某一方面。同時，段落中各個句子應(yīng)上下銜接，層次分明，意思段落中各個句子應(yīng)上下銜接，層次分明，意思前后連貫，具有邏輯性。前后連貫，具有邏輯性。 a.描述某一現(xiàn)象 (如: 偽劣商品) b. 原因分析c. 解決的途徑 a. 闡述某一共知的道理 (如: 欲速則不達)b. 舉例進一步說明c. 總結(jié) a. 描述某一現(xiàn)象 (如: 數(shù)字的迷信)b. 原因探討c. 此現(xiàn)象的危害性4) a. 分類說明某現(xiàn)象(如: 大學(xué)生學(xué)費來源)b. 涉及本人, 作出選擇并說明理由 由于作文的體材和內(nèi)容有別，段落的表現(xiàn)型式和寫作手法也不相同。必須對常見英語段落的類型和結(jié)構(gòu)有

33、所了解，才能按要求寫好各個段落。通過舉例來說明某一事物、現(xiàn)象或概念是作文中較常見的少類型。這種段落因為有較具體的事例，內(nèi)容較充實，可讀性也較強。所舉事例可取自生活中的所見所聞，可引自報刊書籍，也可以是自己的親身經(jīng)歷。舉例方式既可以是幾個例子說明某一事物，也可以舉一個有代表性的例子加以說明，1) 舉例說明舉例說明Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. For a family of four, for example, it is more c

34、onvenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere, They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theater, the cinema, or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. Al

35、l they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. 將不同的事物按其特性分類，根據(jù)不將不同的事物按其特性分類，根據(jù)不同的特點前說明某一主題，或?qū)Ω黝愊嗨仆奶攸c前說明某一主題，或?qū)Ω黝愊嗨频氖挛镞M行描述，也是較常見的段落類型。的事物進行描述，也是較常見的段落類型。例如：例如：2) 分類說明分類說

36、明People may have different attitudes toward criticism. Some people will become annoyed when exposed to criticism, and they will try to defend themselves by all means and even try to find faults of the others. Some people, however, tend to turn a deaf ear to criticism. In their eyes criticism is noth

37、ing but nonsense. But still some people think that criticism will enable them to be aware of shortcomings. They will be thankful to those who give criticism frankly. These people stand a good chance of success in their life.比較是對兩個事物的相同點進行說明或描述；對照是針對兩個事物的不同點給予說明或描述。無論是說明兩個事物的相同點或不同點，均要求依次比較，以使讀者對兩個事物

38、的相同或差別有清楚的了解。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有甲乙、甲乙或甲甲、乙乙兩種方式。3) 比較和對比比較和對比Social insects live in integrated communities which in some ways are similar to human communities. In both types of community there is division of labor. In insect societies certain insects are responsible for reproduction; the workers collect food whi

39、le the soldiers defend the colony. In the same way human groups such as farmers and shopkeepers have specialized functions in producing goods and providing services to the community.A business letter may be private or official. In a private business letter, the writer is speaking for himself or on h

40、is own behalf. In official business letters the writer acts in his capacity as an officer in a business or some other kind of organization; usually, he does not speak on his own behalf but on behalf of the organization he represents.四、六級作文通常要求考生在中間段落對某一事物或現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因或可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果進行分析和說明。如“大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性”，“我為什么特

41、別愛看某電視節(jié)目”，“為什么說欲速則不達”，“為什么要有選擇的讀書”等等。因為事物的相關(guān)性和復(fù)雜性，有時一個結(jié)果可能有幾種原因，而一個原因也可以產(chǎn)生幾個結(jié)果。因此，在分析和說明對應(yīng)綜合考慮，盡量做到原因充分，結(jié)果完整。4) 原因與結(jié)果原因與結(jié)果Doing part-time jobs is beneficial to college students. It is by part-time jobs that one can demonstrate his ability in practice and combine what he has learned from the books wi

42、th what he is doing. As one can earn some money from his job, he will become less dependent on his family and buy what he needs for his school life. More important is that a student will be better prepared for his future career through the training of part-time jobs個別特殊的段落，需要用定義的形式解釋和說明某一概念。如“希望工程”，

43、“代溝”等。以段落的形式給某一抽象概念或事物下定義，應(yīng)首先指出被定義的事物及其特點，再展開說明其內(nèi)含。5) 定義解釋定義解釋Generation gap refers to the differences in moral and social ideas between old and young generations. In the eyes of the young generation, old people tend to be conservative, cautious and unprogressive. But old people think that young peo

44、ple are apt to go extremes and dont understand the hardship of life. The differences can cause failure of communication between parents and their children.Project Hope refers to a special project by which Chinese government intents to help poor children to go to school. As children are the hope of a

45、 country, the project is aimed at providing children of poor families with tuition fees, setting up new schools and supplying better teaching facilities to schools in remote and poor areas. The project has won the support of thousands of Chinese people, including many overseas Chinese. Hopefully, th

46、e project will promote education in these areas.對某些難以直接描述或說明的抽象概念，可借用另一較具體事物的相似性來闡述。雖然某一抽象概念與某事物列任何直接關(guān)系，但卻存在某種相似之處。而巧妙地運有兩者相似之處，可以將較“虛”的概念化為較“實”的內(nèi)容，給人以深刻的印象。6) 類比類比Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. The best way to overcome itso at least it seems to meis to make your interests gradu

47、ally wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a riversmall at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the watersflow more quietly and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the se, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will no