Unit15Learning學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)案1北師大版必修5

1、Unit 15Learning學(xué)習(xí)知識詳解1 suspectv懷疑；不信任；猜想n可疑分子，嫌疑犯adj.可疑的；令人生疑的(回歸課本 P36)I suspect that they laid me off because the company was notdoing that well.我懷疑他們解雇我是因為公司做的不是那么好歸納拓展例句探源 Ifyou suspecta gas leak ，do notstrikea matchor even turnon anelectric light.假如你懷疑有煤氣泄漏，不要劃火柴，甚至連電燈都不要開。 I suspect him of tak

2、ing the money.我懷疑是他拿走了那筆錢。 (2010 年高考湖北卷 )If I find someone who looks like the suspect ，myimmediate reaction will be to tell the police.如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)了某個人像嫌疑犯，我做出的第一反應(yīng)就是報警。1完成句子(1)They suspect him _ _ _ _(作假證 ) 答案： of giving false evidence(2)He resigned after _ _ _(被懷疑 )taking bribes(受賄 ) 答案： being suspected

3、of2instructv教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)(回歸課本 P36)I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email.我讓我孫子教我如何發(fā)郵件歸納拓展例句探源 The letter instructed him to report to the board immediately.那封信指示他立刻向董事會報告。 She instructed me in how to use the Internet.她教我如何使用因特網(wǎng)。 I m under instructions to keep my speech short.我接到指示講話要簡短。2 完成句子(1)He

4、 _(奉命乘船去 )Dalian.答案： was instructed to sail for(2)It s foolish of you to _ _ _ _(忽視船長的命令 )答案： ignore the captain s instructions3distinguishvt.區(qū)別，辨別；表現(xiàn)突出(回歸課本 P37)If the room hadnt been dark，he would have distinguished the two pictures.如果房間里不黑的話，他就能辨別出這兩張畫。歸納拓展例句探源 I can distinguish my roommates by t

5、heir footsteps.我能根據(jù)室友的腳步聲辨認(rèn)出他們。 The light was too dim for me to distinguish anything clearly.光線太暗了，我什么也看不清楚。 (2010年 高考 江蘇 卷 )Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhoisdistinguished for being the worst boy in this county.我想讓你去見見那個在本縣以惡劣而出名的那個小伙子。3 Trademarks are words， names， or symbols that identify the prod

6、ucerof a product and _it from similar goods of others.A defendBprotectCdistinguishDbreak解析：選 C。考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：商標(biāo)是識別產(chǎn)品的廠家和辨別其他相似產(chǎn)品的詞、名字或符號。 defend保衛(wèi)； protect保護； distinguish辨別，區(qū)分；break 破碎，停止運轉(zhuǎn)。4 完成句子(1)人類和動物的區(qū)別在于人會說話。Speeches_human beings _animals.答案：distinguish ； from(2) 他因英勇而揚名。He _ _by his courage.答案：

7、 distinguished himself4 selectvt.選擇，挑選(回歸課本 P39)Well ，select another one then.好吧，那選另一個。易混辨析choose ， select ，pick out這組詞皆有“選擇”之意。(1)choose在這三個詞中是最常用的，可以表示進行一般的“選擇”，有時也可以表示“抉擇”，其后不帶賓語，它較側(cè)重意志和判斷。(2)select和 pick out 通常指在三者或三者以上中作出選擇。都可表示精心挑選。select比 pick out更為正式，select 通常指經(jīng)過慎重考慮而作出的選擇。 (牛津 P1807)She was

8、 selected as the parliamentary candidate for Bath. (牛津 P337)You choose ， I can t decide. (牛津 P1492)He picked_out the ripest peach for me.5 It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend.A turn outBbring outCcall outD pick out解析：選 D。pick out 意為“分辨出，認(rèn)出，選出” 。句意：由于電影院里很黑，我很難辨認(rèn)出我的朋友。故選D。5 l

9、ackn& v 缺乏，短缺(回歸課本P40) .， butitwas probablybecause Ilackedconfidenceinmyself.，但那可能是因為我自己缺乏自信。歸納拓展例句探源 A lack of food caused her to grow weak.缺少食物異致她變得很弱。 We still lack the necessary information.我們?nèi)匀鄙俦匾男畔ⅰ?We cannot discuss the details now for lack of time.因時間有限，我們現(xiàn)在無法討論細(xì)節(jié)。6 Though_ natural reso

10、urces，the area is well developed.A lackedBlacking ofClackingD lacked in解析：選 C。lacking 為現(xiàn)在分詞與 though 連用作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句： Though the area lacks natural resources.。句意：盡管缺乏自然資源，該地區(qū)仍很發(fā)達。6 accessn通道；道路；接近或進入的方法(回歸課本 P40)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access tochildren s minds when they ar

11、e open and eager to learn.做一名教師的意義就在于當(dāng)孩子們對你開放并且想學(xué)到東西時你能接近他們的思想。歸納拓展例句探源 He gained access to /into the building through the window.他通過窗戶進入大樓。 I had no access to education when I was young.我小時候沒有受教育的機會。 (2010 年高考上海卷 )One reason for her preference for city life is thatshe can have easy access to places

12、 like shops and restaurants.她喜歡城市生活的理由之一就是她能很容易的去商店或飯店。7 Hesucceededin makinga difficultsubjectaccessible_thereaders.A withB toCforDby解析：選 B。句意：他成功地把一個棘手的題目變得易于讀者理解。be accessibleto. 在此表示“易于理解”。8 完成句子(1)In Sichuan earthquake ， some areas couldn t_ _ _(任何人不能進入 )答案： be accessible to anybody(2)A company

13、 tried to_ _ _(接近 )the plans ofour new model by bribing( 賄賂 )our manager.答案： gain access to7 worthyadj.有價值的；值得的(回歸課本 P42) . but the worthy search for knowledge.而是對知識有價值的研究。歸納拓展例句探源 It is worthwhile visiting the museum.參觀博物館是值得的。 A number of the reports findings are worthy of note.這份報告里有些調(diào)查結(jié)果值得注意。 Th

14、is idea is well worth considering.這個想法很值得考慮。9 用 worth ，worthy ， worthwhile填空(1)It is _to see this film twice.答案： worthwhile(2)This film is_seeing twice.答案： worth(3)This film is_to be seen twice.答案： worthy8 acquirevt.取得，獲得，得到( 回歸 課本P42)Itseemsobviousnow howwe acquireknowledgeandunderstanding.我們怎樣獲得知識

15、并去理解它們現(xiàn)在似乎是很明顯了。歸納拓展例句探源 The company has just acquired new equipment.公司剛剛購得了新設(shè)備。 There are many ways to acquire knowledge.有許多方法獲取知識。易混辨析gain ，get ，earn ，acquire(1)gain 指在斗爭、競爭中作出很大的努力而“獲得” ，所得的東西常具有一定的價值。(2)get 為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能得到。(3)earn 意為“賺得”，表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得到的報酬。(4)acquire意為“獲得，取得” ，一般指經(jīng)過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。 I

16、 have recently acquired a taste for olives. I sat in front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. (朗文 P922)She has gained a reputation as a good communicator. (朗文 P690)She did all sorts of jobs to earn a living.10It took him a long time to _the skills he needed to become aprofessional art

17、ist.A acquireBinquireCrequireD request解析：選 A 。本題考查了 acquire 的用法和詞語辨析。句意：他花了很長一段時間才學(xué)會了成為一名專業(yè)藝術(shù)家最需要的技術(shù)。inquire表示“詢問”；require表示“要求”；request表示“請求”，皆不合句意；而 acquire 表示“得到 ; 獲得”，符合句意。9 ignorevt.忽視，不管，不理會(回歸課本 P42)The church and many people tended to ignore the facts.教堂和許多人開始忽視這些事實歸納拓展例句探源 (牛津 P1014)He s ig

18、norant about modern technology.他對現(xiàn)代科技一無所知。 She ignored him and carried on with her work.她沒理他，繼續(xù)干她的活。易混辨析ignore ，overlook ，neglect(1)ignore 指有意從開始就不理睬。(2)overlook指由于不注意或胸懷寬大而忽略其他人的過錯；也指因平時不注意忽略的事情或問題。(3)neglect “忽略，疏忽”，指沒做到該做的事情或沒盡到應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。 (牛津 P1423)He seems to have overlooked one important fact. (牛津

19、P1339)The buildings have been neglected for years. (2010 年高考湖北卷 )To my disappointment， in this part of the book heignores the arts.11At that time I_events going on elsewhere，after all，becauseI was a little boy.A was ignorant ofBwas in ignoranceCwas ignorant inDwas ignorance of解析 :選 A 。be ignorant of

20、和 be in ignorance of兩者的意思都為“無知，不知道”，根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及所給的選項來做出正確的選擇。10urgevt.力勸；強烈要求n沖動；強烈的欲望(回歸課本 P42)At first，people approved of his studies and urged him tocontinue.剛開始人們贊成他的研究并力勸他繼續(xù)下去歸納拓展例句探源 The law is in urgent need of reform.這項法律亟待修訂。 The UN urged the world to offer assistance to Haiti.聯(lián)合國敦促世界人民援助海地

21、。 The report urged that all children be taught to swim.這份報告呼吁給所有的兒童教授游泳。 I had a sudden urge to beat him.我突然很想揍他一頓。12完成句子(1)他極力勸她學(xué)理科。He _ _ _ study science.答案： urged her to(2) 他非?？释嵑芏噱X。He _ _ _ _earna lot ofmoney.答案： has a strong urge to11assumev假定，假設(shè)；承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)(回歸課本 P43)Whydid Aristotleassume thatthesu

22、n moved aroundtheEarth?為什么亞里士多德猜想太陽圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)呢？歸納拓展例句探源 (朗文 P73)You will assume your new responsibilities tomorrow.你明天就任新職。 We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up.我們假定了每一個人都會應(yīng)邀出席并正就此作出安排。 (朗文 P73)Assuming(that)youre right about this，what shall we do?假定在這件事情上你是對的，那我們該怎么辦?13完成句

23、子(1)Let us_(假設(shè) )for a moment that the plan succeeds.答案： assume(2)Weneed tochallengesome ofthebasic _(假設(shè) )ofwesternphilosophy.答案： assumptions12adaptv使適應(yīng)；改編，改造(回歸課本 P123)For a start， it would be hard adapting to a new culture.首先，適應(yīng)一種新文化是會很難的。歸納拓展adapt(oneself)to.使適應(yīng)(同義短語 adjust oneself to.)adapt.for.

24、將改編為；使適應(yīng)，使適合adapt from.根據(jù)改編例句探源 She adapted herself quickly to the new life.她很快就適應(yīng)了這種新生活。 The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者將把他的劇本改編成電視劇。易混辨析adapt ，adjust(1)adapt 指修改或改變，使某物或某人做些改變以適應(yīng)新的條件。(2)adjust指借正當(dāng)?shù)呐袛嗷蚴炀毜募记蛇M行“調(diào)整、調(diào)節(jié)”，以使兩者互相適應(yīng)。 Most of these tools have been specially adapted f

25、or use by disabledpeople. It took her a while to adjust to living alone.14The good thing about children is that they _ very easily tonew environments.A adaptBappealCattachD apply解析：選 A 。句意：孩子們的一個很好的優(yōu)勢就是他們很容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。adaptto 適應(yīng) ;appeal to 呼吁； attach to附屬于； apply to 向申請。13 lay off裁員，解雇；停止(回歸課本 P36)Three

26、 months ago，when my manager told me that I would belaid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三個月前，當(dāng)經(jīng)理告訴我將被解雇時，我的大腦一片空白，心里充滿了憤怒。歸納拓展例句探源 (朗文 P857)During the recession they laid us off for three months.在營業(yè)衰退時期，他們停雇了我們?nèi)齻€月。 (牛津 P1144)He laid aside his book and stood up.他把書放在一邊站了起來。 (牛津

27、 P1144)I think you d better lay off fatty foods for a while.我認(rèn)為你最好暫時別吃高脂食物了。易混辨析lay ，lie(1)lay(laid ； laid ；laying) 放置；產(chǎn) (卵)(2)lie(lay ；lain ；lying) 躺；位于(3)lie(lied ； lied ；lying) 說謊(4)lay 既是“放置、產(chǎn) (卵)”的原形，又是“躺、位于”的過去式(還可作形容詞“外行的” )。 lying 既是“躺、位于”的現(xiàn)在分詞，又是“說謊”的現(xiàn)在分詞。15完成句子(1)她設(shè)法每周從薪水中存上幾個英鎊。She d mana

28、ged to_a few pounds each week from herwages.答案： lay aside(2) 雙方開始想方設(shè)法互相指責(zé)。Both sides started trying to_each other.答案： lay the blame on(3) 哈里下崗 6 個月了。Harry was_for six months.答案： laid off(4) 把地圖鋪在桌上，讓我們看一下。_the map on the table and let s have a look.答案： Lay out14aside from除了之外( 還有 )(回歸課本P36)Andaside

29、fromemailing ，itfunstosee and talktomygrandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.除了發(fā)電子郵件，能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)眼上看到我在美國的孫輩并與這交談也很有意思。歸納拓展例句探源 Inadditiontohis jobattheuniversity ， he s now runninghis ownresearch company.除了他在大學(xué)的工作以外，他現(xiàn)在還經(jīng)營自己的研究公司。 The house was just as I left it except that everything was covered withdust.除了

30、積滿灰塵外，這所房子與我離開時沒什么兩樣。16The city， _being an industrial centre，enjoys a high moralrecord.A as toBdue toCin factD aside from解析：選 D。考查介詞短語辨析。句意：這座城市不僅僅是一個工業(yè)中心，道德風(fēng)氣也一向很好。 as to 關(guān)于； due to 由于； in fact事實上 ;aside from意為“除之外”，符合句意。15at one s own pace以適合自己的速度(回歸課本 P38)Students study at their own pace and the

31、teachers seldomset tests.學(xué)生以自己的速度學(xué)習(xí)而老師很少考試。歸納拓展keep pace with跟上set the pace確定速度；領(lǐng)先pace of life生活節(jié)奏at a . pace 以的速度force/quicken the pace使加速例句探源 We encourage all the students to work at their own pace.我們鼓勵學(xué)生按照自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)。 The work progressed at a slow pace.這項工作進展緩慢。17完成句子You_(領(lǐng)先 )andItryto_ _ _(跟上你 )答案：

32、set the pace；keep pace with you16to a certain extent在某種程度上(回歸課本 P39)Well ，to a certain extent you re right.在某種程度上你是正確的。歸納拓展例句探源 I agree with you to a certain extent.在某種程度上，我同意你的觀點。 To a certain extent ，we are all responsible for this tragic situation.我們都在一定程度上對這悲慘的局面負(fù)有責(zé)任。18完成句子(1)我們丟掉合同在某種程度上是我的錯。_i

33、t was my fault that we lost thecontract.答案： To a certain extent(2) 暴力事件多到了令居民不敢出門的程度。Violence increased_that residents were afraid to leave their homes.答案： to the extent(3) 對于這種信息缺乏的狀況，我們能在多大程度上指責(zé)政府呢？_can we blame the government for this lackof information?答案： To what extent17set off動身，出發(fā)；引發(fā)，使爆炸(回歸課

34、本 P40) .then another student lit a flame to set it off.然后另一個學(xué)生點火去引爆它。歸納拓展set off for a place動身去某地set off a bomb/fireworks引爆炸彈 / 放煙火set off a discussion/debate引起討論 / 辯論set about doing.著手做set out to do.開始著手做set out for.動身去例句探源 (牛津 P1823)She set out to break the world record.她一心努力要打破世界記錄。 (牛津 P1823) Sh

35、e set about the business of cleaning the house.她動手打掃起房子來。 It is our tradition to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival.春節(jié)期間放鞭炮是我們的習(xí)俗。 He set off for Beijing an hour ago.他一小時前去北京了。 That evening he set about writing a report on pollution.那天晚上，他著手寫一篇關(guān)于污染的報告。19用介、副詞填空(1)A cigarette end set _ the

36、oil station.答案： off(2)He can always succeed in what he sets _to do.答案： out(3)He has already set _ writing the book.答案： about18be accustomed to習(xí)慣于(回歸課本 P42)Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few keywords into a search engine.盡管今天我們更加習(xí)慣于在搜索引擎里輸入一些關(guān)鍵詞歸納拓展例句探源 Painting barns red is an acc

37、ustomed practice.倉房刷成紅色是一種習(xí)俗。 He has become accustomed to the way the teacher gives lectures.他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了那個老師的講課方式。 You must accustom yourself to the new environment.你必須使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。20 完成句子She is accustomed to _ _ _ (speak)like that.答案： being spoken to21(2010 年天津模擬 )Since he often travels on business，he can _

38、himself to sleeping in any place he can find.A devoteBaccustomCforceDreduce解析：選 B?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意：因為他經(jīng)常因事出差，他能使自己習(xí)慣于在任何地方睡覺。 accustom oneself to.習(xí)慣于；devote.to. 獻身于；force sb.todo sth. 迫使某人做某事。19approve of贊同，同意，支持(回歸課本 P42) At first，people approved of his studies and urged him tocontinue.剛開始人們贊成他的研究并力勸他繼續(xù)下去

39、歸納拓展例句探源 Mother doesn t approve of her smoking.母親不贊成她吸煙。 (朗文 P87)They clapped their hands in approval.他們拍手叫好?！緶剀疤崾尽縜pprove 作及物動詞，后面直接接賓語，意為：批準(zhǔn)，通過，認(rèn)可。 approve 作不及物動司，后跟“ of ”，意為：贊成，同意。22 完成句子The school doesnt _ _ _ _(不同意學(xué)生穿 )fancy clothes.答案： approve of students wearing23 (2011 年天津模擬 )He was not _ to

40、 the club because he wasnt a member.A allowedBadmittedCpermittedDapproved解析：選 B。考查動詞詞義辨析。 句意：他沒被俱樂部接收， 因為他還不是成員。allow 允許 ;admit 吸收，接納； permit允許； approve 同意。根據(jù)句意可知B 項正確。句型梳理1【教材原句】.I shouldn t_have_been so difficult at school.(P40)我在上學(xué)時本不該這么叛逆【句法分析】shouldn t have done 意為“本不應(yīng)該 (有時含有責(zé)怪之意 )”。 Look， Tom

41、s crying.I shouldn t have been angry at him.看，湯姆在哭，我本不應(yīng)該對他發(fā)火。 You should not have said such a thing to him.你本不應(yīng)該跟他講這樣的事。(事實上已經(jīng)講了 ) You should not have left college so early.你本不應(yīng)該這樣早就中斷大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。歸納拓展情態(tài)動詞的完成式可表示對過去的虛擬或猜測:(1)need have done 表示必須做的事沒做； needn t have done表示不必做的事而做了。You needn t have spent so muc

42、h time on the problem.你本不必在這個問題上花費這么長時間。(2)ought tohave 過去分詞，表示“ (過去 ) 本應(yīng)該做某事，而實際卻沒做” ，是對已發(fā)生的情況的“責(zé)備” “驚奇”或“推測” 。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.你本應(yīng)該在這個實驗上更仔細(xì)些。(3)can/could have 過去分詞，表示“(過去 )本能夠做某事，而實際上卻沒做”；其否定形式表示“ (過去 )不可能做某事”。兩者都是對過去情況的一種推測。(4)may/mighthave 過去分詞，表示對過去

43、發(fā)生的行為的推測，含有“也許”之意。 might 語氣較弱。Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普也許在這場汽車事故中傷得很重。(5)must have 過去分詞，表示“ (過去 )必定發(fā)生了某事”，屬肯定性推測。I didn t hear the phone.I must have beenasleep.我沒有聽見電話響，我一定是睡著了。24 He_without saying goodbye to them，for he always has goodmanners.A mustn t have leftB may not leaveCshouldn t have leftDcant hav