長句的翻譯電子教案

1、長句的翻譯 一、英語長句的分析一、英語長句的分析 一般來說, 造成長句的原因有三方面: (1) 修飾語過多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。 在分析長句時可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語, 從整體上把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2) 找出句中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語和從句的引導詞。 (3) 分析從句和短語的功能, 例如, 是否為主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句等,若是狀語, 它是表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、還是表示條件等等)。 (4) 分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關系, 例如, 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。 (5) 注意插入語等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否

2、有固定詞組或固定搭配。 例例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where th

3、ere are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行為主義者認為行為主義者認為, 如果兒童的成長環(huán)境里有許多如果兒童的成長環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素刺激因素, 這些因素又有利于其適當反應能力的這些因素又有利于其適當反應能力的發(fā)展發(fā)展, 那么那么, 兒童的智力就會發(fā)展到較高的水平。兒童的智力就會發(fā)展到較高的水平。 例例2. For a family of four, for example,

4、it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertain

5、ment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如譬如, 對于一個四口之家來說對于一個四口之家來說, 舒舒服服地舒舒服服地在家中看電視在家中看電視, 就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的娛樂就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的娛樂節(jié)目節(jié)目, 這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。方便。 二、長句的翻譯二、長句的翻譯*將英語的長句分解, 翻譯成漢語的短句。(1) 順序法順序法當英語長句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。 例例1. In Africa I met a boy, w

6、ho was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him , that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.例例1. In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him , that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.在非洲, 我遇到一個小

7、孩, 他哭得傷心極了, 我問他時, 他說他餓了兩天沒吃飯了。例例2. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, d

8、riving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.即使在我們關掉了床頭燈地進入夢鄉(xiāng)時即使在我們關掉了床頭燈地進入夢鄉(xiāng)時, 電仍在為我們工作電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)?；蚴故覂?nèi)空調(diào)機繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)。 例例3 If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake

9、 which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果你乘坐火車抵達芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一兩個小時，你也會感到從湖那邊吹拂過來的陣陣清風，這就是芝加哥之所以叫做“風城”的緣故。例例4 It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. 從那一刻起我不再是一個小孩，我開始有了成年人的意識，能意識到人生的傷痛與災難。(2) 變序法變序法變序法是指顛倒英語長句的語序， 將句子成分的前部分放到譯

10、文的后部， 或?qū)⒑竺娌糠址诺阶g文前面。這樣易會更加符合漢語習慣。比如：比如：“Misery follows war.” “戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭導致苦難。導致苦難?！崩?. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.例例1. It therefore becomes more and

11、more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.因此因此, 如果要使學生充分利用他們?nèi)绻箤W生充分利用他們(上大學上大學)的機會的機會, 就得為他們提供大量關于課程的更就得為他們提供大量關于課程的更為詳盡的信息為詳盡的信息, 作更多的指導。這個問題顯作更多的指導。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。得越來越重要了。 例例2：At school t

12、he student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of

13、his surroundings. 【譯文譯文】在學校里，學生需要有系統(tǒng)地擴大知識，掌握足夠的科學在學校里，學生需要有系統(tǒng)地擴大知識，掌握足夠的科學詞匯，以便有效地進行交際；還要懂得一些諸如對增進健康、詞匯，以便有效地進行交際；還要懂得一些諸如對增進健康、保障安全以及了解周圍環(huán)境等有用的常識，因為這些常識在日保障安全以及了解周圍環(huán)境等有用的常識，因為這些常識在日常生活中是十分重要的。常生活中是十分重要的。例例3. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice

14、higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領工人的社會地位白領工人的社會地位, 這在西方倒是人之常這在西方倒是人之常情。情。 例例4 It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic s

15、tructures and patterns of the language have been understood. 一旦了解英語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型一旦了解英語的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句型, 再再往下學似乎就越來越難了往下學似乎就越來越難了, 這其中的原這其中的原因因, 也許教師比學生更容易理解。也許教師比學生更容易理解。 (3) 分句法分句法有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關系并不十分密切, 翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習慣, 把長句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時需要適當增加詞語。 例例1. Manufacturing processes may be classifie

16、d as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced. 【譯文譯文】制造過程可分為單件生產(chǎn)和大量生產(chǎn)。單件生制造過程可分為單件生產(chǎn)和大量生產(chǎn)。單件生產(chǎn)就是生產(chǎn)少量的零件，大量生產(chǎn)就是生產(chǎn)大量產(chǎn)就是生產(chǎn)少量的零件，大量生產(chǎn)就是生產(chǎn)大量相同的零件。相同的零件。例例2. This is, for instance, one of the main reasons why over the last te

17、n centuries scientific progress has been mostly associated with universities, where scholars from many different disciplines were gathering together. 【譯文譯文】比如說，在過去一百多年中，絕大多數(shù)科學進比如說，在過去一百多年中，絕大多數(shù)科學進步一直與大學聯(lián)系在一起，其主要原因之一就在步一直與大學聯(lián)系在一起，其主要原因之一就在于：大學是許多不同專業(yè)學者的群英匯集之地。于：大學是許多不同專業(yè)學者的群英匯集之地。 例例 3 The number of

18、the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.按照原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)死譯: 沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人的數(shù)目令人難以相信約為1/4。改譯： 大約有大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直這簡直令人難以置信。令人難以置信。 例例 4 Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developme

19、nts in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs whic

20、h are both instructive and entertaining.人們常說人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科掌握科學和政治的最新動態(tài)。從電視里還可以看學和政治的最新動態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。新節(jié)目。 P83 綜合法1. My mother died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid dest

21、ined to pass away. 2. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities. 3. They (the poor) are the

22、 first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 4. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books a

23、s well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.Exercises:1. My mother died in her 88th year, a mighty age for one who at 40 was so delicate of body as to be accounted a confirmed invalid destined to pass away. (分譯)我的母親是在她88歲那年去世的. 這對于一位40歲就身體纖弱、被公認為有痼疾纏身、注定不久于人世的人來說， 是難得的高齡。2. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pl