閱讀理解猜詞技巧

1、做“閱讀理解”題的猜詞技巧平時,同學(xué)們在做“閱讀理解”題時,經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞這時,許多同學(xué)會立即翻閱詞典,查找生詞的詞義其實(shí)這種做法不但費(fèi)時費(fèi)力,而且會影響閱讀速度,也不利于對文章的整體理解,何況在正式考試時也不準(zhǔn)帶詞典事實(shí)上,閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關(guān)系因此,我們首先可以利用語境(各種已知信息)來推測判斷某些生詞的詞義;還可以利用構(gòu)詞法的知識日常生活知識來猜測詞義 一 根據(jù)釋義猜測詞義 在有些文章中,某些生詞的詞義往往會在下文中得到解釋或說明這些解釋有時以定義定語從句同位語的形式出現(xiàn);有時用破折號括號冒號引號等符號引出或圈定的內(nèi)容表示出來;有時還用tha

2、t is, or, that is to say, in other words等詞語引出例如: 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由句意可知, anthropology就是“研究人類的科學(xué)” 2. A bookmark is something put between the pages of a book to mark the place. 假定bookmark是生詞,根據(jù)下文所提供的解釋,可猜出它的詞義是“書簽” 3. He takes a special interest in botany which concerns

3、the study of plants. 根據(jù)定語從句中的“which concerns the study of plants”, 我們可以知道botany應(yīng)該是“植物學(xué)”之意 4. The new edifice, a twenty-four-storey building, was completed last month. 其中edifice可能是生詞,但它的同位語a twenty-four-storey building告訴我們, edifice的詞義是“建筑物” 5. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is

4、one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根據(jù)同位語我們很容易猜出生詞capacitance的詞義是“電容量” 6. The doctor was on the night-shiftfrom midnight to 8 oclock. 句中night-shift的意思可以從破折號后面的內(nèi)容猜出,它的詞義應(yīng)該是“夜班” 7. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. 這里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的內(nèi)容猜測出

5、來,意為“脊椎動物” 二 通過下文所舉的例子猜測詞義 在有些文章中,下文所舉的例子也可以給讀者提供猜測上文生詞詞義的重要線索例如: Generally, we like to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest, etc. 根據(jù)句子后面所給出的例子,我們可以推斷出periodical的意思是“期刊” 三 根據(jù)詞語之間的對等關(guān)系猜測詞義 The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. 這個

6、句子中的and連接created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness兩個并列成分 Created與encouraged相對應(yīng),而lassitude與laziness相對應(yīng),由此我們可以猜測出lassitude大概是“困乏”“無力”“無精打采”等意思 四 根據(jù)對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測詞義If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 此句前后對比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,由此我們可以推斷出dissent與agree的意思相反,意為“不同意”“不贊成”又如: Mr Green alway

7、s is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. 我們可以根據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but后面的內(nèi)容“he was late”知道, punctual的意思與其相反,那么punctual就是“守時的”“準(zhǔn)時的”的意思 因此,同學(xué)們在閱讀時,要注意常見的表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞語,如but, however, though, otherwise, neverthess, on the other hand等 五 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義 Mary didnt notice

8、 me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. 主句的意思是“當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室的時候,瑪麗沒有注意到我”據(jù)此,我們可以推斷從句中的engross可能是“使全神貫注”“吸引”的意思又如: There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句中that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句,根據(jù)主句的描述“許多示威者”,我們便可推知elbow的

9、詞義為“擠”“擠過” 其它常見的表示因果關(guān)系的詞有because, since, as, so, so . That ., such . That . 等 六 根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測詞義 在句子或段落中,我們可以利用已知的詞語,推斷出生詞的詞義 例如: Although he often had the opportunity, Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to b

10、e detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是個生詞,但由harmful我們不難推斷出其詞義為“使危險的”“有害的” 七 根據(jù)詞綴猜測詞義 As you are receiving my note by E-mail, its wise to remember how easily this wonderful technology can be misused, sometimes unintentionally, with serious consequences. 此句中

11、, misuse是在詞根use前面加上前綴mis-而構(gòu)成的, mis-表示“誤”“錯”的意思,從而可以判斷misuse意為“錯用”“誤用”; unintentionally是由intentionintentionalintentionallyunintionally逐步派生而成的,從而不難推測出它的意思為“不是有意地” 根據(jù)詞綴猜測詞義又可以分為以下兩種情況: 1. 根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義 以unforeseeable一詞為例,其中的詞根為see, 前綴fore-的含義是“早先”“預(yù)先”的意思,前綴un-是“不”的意思,由此可以猜知,該詞的詞義為“未能預(yù)見的” 2. 根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義 Insecti

12、cide is applied where it is needed. 后綴-cide表示“殺者”“殺滅劑”的意思,結(jié)合大家所熟悉的詞根insect(昆蟲),不難猜出insecticide意為“殺蟲劑”又如:Then the vapor may change into droplets. 后綴-let表示“小的”意思,詞根drop指“滴”“滴狀物”在詞根drop后面加上后綴-let之后, droplet意為“小滴”“微滴” 八 根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各個組成部分的意思猜測詞義 有一部分復(fù)合詞的詞義可以通過它們的構(gòu)成成分的意思來猜測出該復(fù)合詞的意思例如: Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. 該句中的hightlight可能是一個生詞,但是分析該詞的構(gòu)成成分后,就能推測出其含義它是由表示“高的”“強(qiáng)的”high和“光線”light兩部分組成的,復(fù)合詞hightlight表示“以強(qiáng)光照射”“使突出”的意思 Bullfigh