邢帥教育英語(yǔ)四級(jí)教程-語(yǔ)法之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、了解被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)了解被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：be+P.P2、形式、形式:1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+P.P 1.英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+P.P3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+P.P4) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will +be +p.p5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+P.P6) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：is/am/are+being+P.P1.Bananas are grown in Hainan.(海南種植香焦。海南種植香焦。）2.Many

2、 more trees will be planted in our school next year.（我們學(xué)校明年將種更多的樹(shù)我們學(xué)校明年將種更多的樹(shù)。）3.Were the trees planted by him.這些樹(shù)是他種的這些樹(shù)是他種的嗎嗎？4.Young trees must be looked after. (必須照看好小樹(shù)）必須照看好小樹(shù)）5. The building is being built. (那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）6.The homework has been finished yet. （家作已經(jīng)做完了。）（家作已經(jīng)做完了。）1.He t

3、eaches English in our school. English is taught in our school by him.語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換賓提前變主，主變介賓提前變主，主變介byby賓，被動(dòng)賓，被動(dòng)bebe加加done,done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)2.We planted many trees last years.Many trees were planted by us last year.過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： was/were+P.P3.We should plant many more trees.Many more trees should be p

4、lanted by us.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +PP4.She will teach Class 6.Class 6 will be taught by her.將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Will/shall+be +PP5. Many countries have sent up satellites into space. Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries .完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ):Have/has+been +PP現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

5、的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： is+being+pp6.She is teaching Class 6.Class 6 is being taught by her.I was given a book by her.A book was given to me by her.7.She gave me a book.如如 遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前，如若變直賓，間賓前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell）8.He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him.這些

6、動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to 離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中to回回 來(lái)。（來(lái)。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)9.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)語(yǔ)態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開(kāi)整體，不可把它們分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。來(lái)。1Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.use

7、d D.are used.2.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken3. Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting4.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lainDDBA5.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care .B.must

8、 be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 6.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered7._I think the shop_._No,its open. It_at six. close, close B closed, closedC.closed;closes D. is closed ,closes DDD將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一詞。將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一

9、詞。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year C

10、ard _ _ _ me by Lucy last week. 6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7. I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library. can be finishedis producedwill be sungneednt be donewas sent towas made to doA traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞（Link.v.)

11、如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示事物的自然屬性事物的自然屬性的時(shí)候的時(shí)候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：1. Lar

12、ge numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day.2. _ our country _(send) up another man-made satellite last year? 3. Must the old people _ (speak) to politely?4. Her grandma was still alive when he _ (take) to the hospital.5. English _(speak) in many counties. are usedDidsendbe spok

13、enwas takenis spoken6. Three quarters of the worlds books _ (write) in English.7. This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.8. _ Lesson 50 _ (teach) next week?are writtensellsWillbe taught Fill in the blanks using right forms:1. All the students _(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Are many ways

14、 _(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3. What are on show in the museum? Some photos _(take) by American children.4. This coat _(wash) well.9. Have you found your necklace _(偷) last week?6. Im often _(警告）not to copy others homework.7. He couldnt explain why dinosaurs _ (消失).8. Ill h

15、ave my bike _(修理) tomorrow.5. Must the old people _(speak) to politely?10. The PRC was _(成立) on October 1, 1949.were asked triedtakenwashesbe spokenwarneddisappearedmendedrepairedstolenfounded主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)：某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞加形容詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義，如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等The flower smells sweet. The dis

16、h tastes delicious. The cloth feels very soft. The stones have worn smooth.2. 某些及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞（有些可不加副詞）表示事物固有的屬性或特征,也可以表示被動(dòng)意義，如wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot, split, strike, record, act, clean, draw, iron, keep, photograph等This type of recorder sells well. That kind

17、 of shirt washes very well. Ripe apples peel easily. The plays wont act. 1) Nylon dries quickly. 6) The novel reads well. 7) The door opens with difficulty. 8) The wood wont burn. 9) Water heats rapidly. 10) This kind of shirt cleans easily. 11) Her coat caught in the door/ on the nail. 比較： 1. The b

18、ox doesnt lock. 這個(gè)箱子鎖不上。 （箱子本身的性質(zhì)）2. The box was not locked. 這個(gè)箱子沒(méi)有上鎖。（箱子當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)）3. The theory proved to be correct. 那個(gè)理論證明是正確的。（含有自身證明的特征）4. The theory was proved to be correct. 那個(gè)理論被證明是正確的。（被人證明）3. want, need, require,和be worth等詞的后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The book is worth reading. The coat requires mendi

19、ng. The children needs looking after. 1) The table wants cleaning. 那是不堪想象的。這規(guī)則需要下點(diǎn)功夫才能學(xué)會(huì)。某些作表語(yǔ)(expensive, cheap, difficult, fit, hard, light, heavy, easy, 的形容詞后，用不定式形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The box is too heavy to lift. She is easy to approach. The fish is not fit to eat. He is hard to please. The passage is diffic

20、ult to read. The jewel is too expensive to buy. There are a lot of work to do/ to be done. There are a lot of work for us to do. 1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)go, come, leave, get, arrive, meet, see off, take off, return, start, fly, stay, etc.e.g. Im leaving at seven tonight2 .When the plane, the train, the

21、 bus, meeting plan, film and programme are used as the subject, these verbs should be used in simple Present Tense.e.g. The plane to London leaves at 9:30 tomorrow morning. The film begins at 6:00.3.The present tense is used for the future in a clause introduced by “when”, “if”, “before”, “till/unti

22、l”, “every time”, “by the time”, “as soon as”, “the moment”.e.g. We shall not go out for a hike if it rains tomorrow.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法例析一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法例析一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn),也是重點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)若干典型例題的分析,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了歸納和總結(jié),希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)一: shall/will + be + done【經(jīng)典例題1】 I promise that this matter _ next week.A. will be t

23、aken care B. will take care ofC. will take good care D. will be taken care of【思路點(diǎn)撥】 選D。從題干不難看出,一是從句中的 this matter 和 take care of 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;二是take care of 是固定搭配,不能拆開(kāi);三是相對(duì)于promise來(lái)說(shuō),take care of 是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。故從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！窘?jīng)典例題2】 These dictionaries _ the library again (by you ).A. will be taken out ofB. w

24、ont be taken out of C. will take out of D. wont take out of【思路點(diǎn)撥】選B。由題干結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知,此題考查的是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式。另外,我們還應(yīng)注意:其疑問(wèn)式為Shall/Will + 主語(yǔ) + be + done.? 或 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + shall/will + 主語(yǔ) + be + done.? 2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)二: be(am / is /are)going to + be + done【經(jīng)典例題1】 The class _ on everything they have learnt this year.A. is go

25、ing to be examining B. are going to examineC. is going to be examined D. are going to be examined【思路點(diǎn)撥】選D。題中the class指全班同學(xué),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 并且主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 所以謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！窘?jīng)典例題2】 An exhibition of painting _ at the art museum when he comes back from abroad.A. is going to hold B. is going to be held C.

26、 are going to holdD. are going to be held【思路點(diǎn)撥】 選B。根據(jù)題意, 此處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 而且主謂應(yīng)保持一致?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) “四注意”一. 注意不可遺漏being現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,其構(gòu)成為“am / is / are + being+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。如果我們把being漏掉,就成為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:* Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他們的姑媽照看著。

27、* Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校被照看得很好。(指通常情況)* The report is being written by one of the best students. 報(bào)告正在由一名最好的學(xué)生寫(xiě)著呢。* The report is well written. 這個(gè)報(bào)告寫(xiě)得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))二二 . 注意現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以表示將來(lái)注意現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也可以表示將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作安排將要進(jìn)行的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作(此種用法僅

28、限于此種用法僅限于少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞)。如。如:A party is being held tonight.今晚將要舉行一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)。今晚將要舉行一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)。三三 .注意沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞注意沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一些表示一些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動(dòng)、擁有、存在狀態(tài)、心理活動(dòng)、擁有、存在”等的動(dòng)詞等的動(dòng)詞,一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而常用而常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王小王,過(guò)來(lái)過(guò)來(lái),有你的電話。有你的電話。Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people.足球現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越流行了足球現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越流行了, 換句話換句話說(shuō)說(shuō),它被越來(lái)越多的人喜愛(ài)。它被越來(lái)越多的人喜愛(ài)。 . 四四.注意注意“be +under/ in等介詞等介詞+名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可表結(jié)構(gòu)可表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義。如示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義。如:The problem is under discuss