臺球術(shù)語中英文對照

1、臺球術(shù)語中英文對照 常用詞：cue ball (撞球中的)母球、主球object ball 目標球solid ball 全色球stripe ball 花色球chalk 巧克top pocket 頂袋middle pocket 中袋bottom pocket 底袋cue 球桿rest 架桿 tri-angle 球框（用來擺球的那個三角框） 臺球(總稱) billiards無袋式臺球(開侖) carom 有袋式臺球(落袋) pocket game英式三球比利 english billiard 英式22球(斯諾克) snooker美式臺球 America pocket billi

2、ard, pool爭黑八打法 eight ball 九球打法 nine ball, knapper臺球規(guī)則 rules of play運動員 player 裁判員 referee記分員 scorer, jidge 記分 scoring 記分牌 scoring board預賽 prelim 半決賽 semifinals1/4決賽 quarterfinal 決賽 final開球 breakoff, serve 開球線 serve line開球區(qū)(英式D形區(qū)) the "D" 開球區(qū)(美式) kitchen擲幣猜先 coin toss, toss off抽簽猜先 lot球臺 ta

3、ble球袋 pocket頂袋 top pocket中袋 middle pocket底袋 bottom pocket臺面 playing aren臺邊 cushion臺面標志 marks球 ball球桿 cue架桿 rest燈罩 lamp shade巧克 chalk桿頭 tip滑石粉 powder球框(用來擺球的那個三角框) tri-angle球桿連接部 joint主球 cue-ball目標球 object-ball一擊(球) stroke一桿(球) break手中球 in-hand局中球 ball in play活球 ball on死球 snookered死角球 angled障礙球 snook

4、er自由球 free-ball指定球 nominated-ball貼球 touching ball貼邊球 frozen跳球 jump-ball, jump-shot角度球 angled香蕉球(弧線球) english, sidespin幸運球 fluke袋口相擠的球 lawed-ball爭議球 split-hit罰球 penalty進球 pot錯擊 error盤 frame局 game場 match暫停 pause平局 tie score總分 total points對方 opponent失機 loss of chance失誤 miss犯規(guī) foul占位 occupied空桿 miss置球點

5、spots放置彩球 spotting colours(典型的英式用法)黃球置點 yellow spot綠球置點 green spot棕球置點 brown spot藍球置點 blue spot粉球置點 pink spot黑球置點 black spot瞄準 aiming主球走位練習 position exercise名次排列 rank排名第二 starting 2(two)臺球廳 pool room自落 drop of the cue-ball椎桿 push stroke跟進球 follow-ball連擊 double-hit扎桿 prick stroke出界 forced off the tab

6、le僵局 stalemate滑桿 miscue厚球 thick cut薄球 thin cut偏桿 side spin定桿 stop shot縮桿(低桿) sub-side種子選手 seeded3號種子選手 seeded 3(three)上旋球(推桿，高桿) top spin下旋球(縮桿) back spin就幾個兩個標準分別糾正你幾個錯誤和加以補充。縮球擊法 叫back spin或是screw back.跟進球擊法 叫top spin或是follow up.球變角度擊球法，叫side spin.弧線球叫 swirl，美式忘了怎么拼，也是s打頭，因為和中國的賽有音節(jié)相似，所以國內(nèi)有些地方叫加塞。

7、手中球，英式叫Free ball,和對方犯規(guī)但給自己造成阻礙而自己任意選擇擊球同一個叫法。美式手中球才叫ball in hand.幸運球叫fluke.得的分就叫point，美式才叫一次run。失球 LOSS OF CHANGE，有利情況下未能得分，這個沒有什么固定叫法，隨你怎么叫，loss of chance 或是loss opportunity都可以，但絕對不叫l(wèi)oss of change,肯定是抄錯了，把c抄成了g。加長桿叫extension.架桿我聽過lace，但好像人叫的不一樣。犯規(guī)有兩種，foul and miss,可要求擺回重解球，但miss可能裁判認為沒有辦法解，或是球太亂無法復

8、原，不要求重解球，steve davis就剛剛被判了一個這種球。雙擊叫double kiss.炸球叫kiss或是cannon.切球叫cut。定球應(yīng)該叫stun.斯登打法擊了球母球不按預定要求滾動，叫heavy contact,heavy ball,heavy hit,隨你叫。1.死角球（ANGLED） 當角袋邊緣擋住了主球，使主球不能直接擊打臺面上的目標球，被稱為死角球。 2.手中球（BALL IN HAND） 在美式臺球規(guī)則中，手中球的概念是主球可以擺放在比賽臺面的任何地方。 3.活球（BALL ON） 在斯諾克臺球中，運動員可合法打一個彩色球（沒有紅球情況下）入袋，這顆彩球叫活球。 4.開

9、球（BREAK） 在美式臺球的開球中，要求必須使四球碰岸，方被認為是合法開球。 5.手橋（BRIDGE） 用于架住球桿和調(diào)整桿頭瞄準方法的手，稱為手橋。 6.指球（CALLED BALL） 在美式臺球中，運動員在擊球前必須向裁判員指明（口頭或用桿指出）所要擊打的目標球是哪一顆。 7.定袋（CALLED POCKET） 在美式臺球中，運動員在擊球前必須向裁判員指明（口頭或用桿指出）要擊入哪個球袋。 8.聯(lián)合擊法（COMBINATION） 主球撞擊目標球后，被主球撞擊的目標球又去撞擊其它目標球，并以此方法來擊球入袋。 9.主球（CuE BALL） 主球在比賽中，經(jīng)常被桿擊打的球，它是白色的并且無號

10、碼。 10.手中球置在開球線后（CVE BALL IN HAND THE HEAD STRINC） 在美式臺球中，主球被放在開球線與頂岸之間的任何地方。 11.岸（CUSHION） 一種用織物包住的橡膠制品在球臺臺邊內(nèi)邊沿上，并和它外部周圍的木質(zhì)物一起構(gòu)成。 12.雙擊（DOUBLE HIT） 在一次擊球中，主球被桿頭兩次擊打，稱為雙擊。 13.側(cè)旋球（ENGLISH） 通過球桿頭部擊打主球的左右側(cè)，產(chǎn)生出側(cè)旋球。 14.薄擊球（FEATHER SHOT） 主球僅僅擦碰目標球，被稱為薄擊球。 15.得分（COUNT） 一分或是成功的一擊。 16.擊球點（CONTACT POINT） 當主球被擊

11、出后，主球與目標球相碰擊時的入球點，叫做擊球點。 17.球桿（CVE） 一種由木質(zhì)材料造成的錐形體，并用其擊打主球。 18.縮球擊法（DRAW SHOT） 主球被擊下?lián)酎c時，會產(chǎn)生下旋，當主球全擊目標球后，便會向后方縮回。 19.跟進球擊法（FOLLOW SHOT HAROUGH） 當主球被擊上部時，會產(chǎn)生向前旋轉(zhuǎn)，當主球全擊目標球，主球便會向前滾動。 20.隨勢出桿（FOLLOWTHROUGH） 隨勢出桿是球桿擊打主球后，球桿穿過原來主球所占位置范圍的繼續(xù)運行路線。 21.力度（TORCE） 力量通過球桿打擊主球，并導致球在旋轉(zhuǎn)、反射角、分離角等方向產(chǎn)生變化。 22.犯規(guī)（FOUL） 比賽中

12、的一種違犯規(guī)則的行為。 23. 犯規(guī)擊球（FOUL STROKE） 在擊球時，發(fā)生違反規(guī)則行為。 24.盤(FRAME) 從開球開始，直至擊落所有的球或打滿規(guī)定的分數(shù)，稱為一盤。 25.自由球（FREE BALL） 在斯諾克臺 球比賽中，因犯規(guī)所導致的主球被做成障礙球，沒犯規(guī)方隊員可指定任何一個球作為自由球來打，打指定自由球入袋后，記活球分值，將自由球和活球同時打入袋， 只記活球分值。彩球作為自由球被擊入袋中，應(yīng)把彩球放回置球點上。自由球不能做障礙球，否則犯規(guī)。但當剩下粉球和黑球時除外。 26.局（GAME） 若干盤比賽構(gòu)成一局。 27.跳擊（JUMP SHOT） 使主球或者目標球彈起臺面的擊

13、球。 28.跳球（JUMPED BALL） 球離開比賽臺面或者球以跳起方式越過其它的球。 29.吻擊（KISS SHOT） 主球碰擊多于一個目標球，這種擊法叫吻擊。 30.碰岸比近（LAG FOR BREAK） 雙方運動員將球從開球線后擊出去碰對岸返回，并力圖使返回的球盡可能地靠近岸邊。通過比近來決定開球權(quán)。 31.場（MATCH） 由若干局構(gòu)成決定勝負的比賽，稱為場。 32.凍結(jié)（FROZEN） 一個球與其它球或臺邊相貼。 33.滑桿（MISCUE） 球桿打主球時，由于打滑導致失誤。通常由于沒有打在主球擊點安全區(qū)內(nèi)，或由于桿頭沒有打滑粉所致。 34.空桿（MISS） 在斯諾克比賽中，空桿是指

14、擊球手沒有盡自己最大能力去擊中臺球。在一般臺球賽中，空桿的意思是失誤的一擊。 35.自然側(cè)旋（NATURAL ENGLISH） 一個適度的側(cè)旋的主球，便于有一個所需的行進路線。 36.自然上旋（NATURAL ROLL） 主球不帶著側(cè)旋的運動。 37.目標球（OBJECT BALLS） 被主球擊打的球。 38.開局擊球（OPENING BREAK SHOT） 一盤比賽中第一桿擊球。 39.落袋（POT） 在斯諾克臺球中，一個目標球進袋稱為“落袋”。 40.推擊（PUSH SHOT） 桿頭持續(xù)也碰擊主球。 41.搶局 預先確定的決定比賽勝負所必需贏的局數(shù)。比如比賽定為21局11勝制，便可稱為搶1

15、1避。當一方贏得比賽的11局后，比賽便結(jié)束。 42.桿架（REST） 一種由木與銅制成的架桿器具。 43.單循環(huán)賽（ROUND ROBIN） 在一次比賽中，每一參賽隊員互相之間均進行一次比賽。 44.得分（RUN） 一個隊員在一次擊球中所贏得的積分。 45.安全球（SAFETY） 被擊主球落入球袋。 46.自落（SCRATCH） 被擊主球落入球袋。 47.擊球（STROKE） 所謂擊球是指用桿頭迅速擊打主球，并以主球和比賽中所有的球停止?jié)L動和旋轉(zhuǎn)為結(jié)束。 48.單淘汰賽（SINGL ELIMINATION） 比賽的一種方法，一位參賽選手輸一場比賽后即被淘汰出局。 49.障礙球（SNOOKERE

16、D） 在斯諾克臺球比賽中，所謂障礙球是指主球不能以直線球去擊打一個活球，其線路被非活球阻擋。 50.擊球員（STROKER） 運動員開始擊球，在一擊球或一桿球結(jié)束之前，即在裁判員宣布“失機”或“犯規(guī)”之前，此運動員保持著擊球員的資格。 51.一擊球（STROKE） 運動員用桿頭打主球，為一擊球。 52.一桿球（BREAIC） 在斯諾克比賽中，擊球運動員從擊球得分開始，直至擊球因失機或犯規(guī)止，這一桿連續(xù)擊分稱之為一桿球。 53.占位（OCCUPIED） 當被打球入袋或出界后，需要放回該球的置球點時，有其它球?qū)⒋它c占據(jù)。 54.失機（LOSS OF CHANGE） 當運動員正常擊球，但沒有擊球入袋

17、或得分，即為“失機”。 55.扎桿（PRICK STROKE） 將球桿斜向或幾乎與臺面垂直直擊主球，稱為“扎桿”。 56.定位球（STOP SHOT） 當主球撞擊目標球后，主球停在原目標球的位置上不動。 57.貼球（TOUCHING BALL） 臺面上球完全靜止后，主球與其它球相貼，即為貼球。 HistoryThe game of eight-ball is derived from an earlier game invented around 1900 (first recorded in 1908) in the United States and initially popu

18、larized under the name "B.B.C. Co. Pool" (a name that was still in use as late as 1925) by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company. This forerunner game was played with seven yellow and seven red balls, a black ball, and the cue ball. Today, numbered stripes and solids are preferred in most

19、of the world, though the British-style variant uses the traditional colors. The game had relatively simple rules compared to today and was not added (under any name) to an official rule book until 1940. International rulesAmerican-style eight-ball rules are played around the world by profession

20、als, and in many amateur leagues. The rules for eight-ball may be the most contested of any billiard game. There are several competing sets of "official" rules. The non-profit World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), with national affiliates such as the Billiard Congress of America (BCA), pr

21、omulgates the World Standardised Rules5 for amateur and professional play. The for-profit International Pool Tour has also established an international set of rules6 for professional and semi-professional play, used in major tournaments broadcast on television (as of 2007, this league has suspended

22、operations, and is focusing on invitational matches, but is expected by many players to resume in 2009). Meanwhile, many amateur leagues, such as the American Poolplayers Association (APA) / Canadian Poolplayers Association (CPA), and the Valley National Eight-ball Association (VNEA) / VNEA Europe,

23、use their own rulesets as their standards (most of them at least loosely based on the WPA/BCA version), while millions of individuals play informally using colloquial rules which vary not only from area to area but even from venue to venue.A summary of the international rules follows (see the WPA/BC

24、A or IPT published rules, which conflict on minor points, for more details):EquipmentThere are seven solid-colored balls numbered 1 through 7, seven striped balls numbered 9 through 15, an 8 ball, and a cue ball.A proper rack, with the two corner balls of a different suit and the 8 ball in the cente

25、r.The balls are usually colored as follows:1 and 9 - yellow2 and 10 - blue3 and 11 - red4 and 12 - purple5 and 13 - orange6 and 14 - green7 and 15 - brown/ maroon8 - blackCue - whiteThe table's playing surface is approximately 9 ft. by 4.5 ft. (regulation size), though some leagues/tournaments m

26、ay allow other sizes.SetupTo start the game, the object balls are placed in a triangular rack. The base of the rack is parallel to the end rail (the short end of the pool table) and positioned so the apex ball of the rack is located on the foot spot. The balls in the rack are ideally placed so that

27、they are all in contact with one another. This is accomplished by pressing the balls together from the back of the rack toward the apex ball. The placement of the balls, for a legal rack according to World Standardised Rules is that the 8 ball is placed in the center, while the two lower corners mus

28、t be a stripe and a solid (see image). The cue ball is placed anywhere the breaker desires inside the "kitchen".BreakOne person is chosen (by a predetermined method, e.g., coin flip, win or loss of previous game, lag) to shoot first and break the object ball rack apart. If the shooter who

29、breaks fails to make a legal break (usually defined as at least four balls hitting cushions or an object ball being pocketed), then the opponent can demand a re-rack and become the breaker, or elect to play from the current position of the balls.    Long exposure photo of the break in

30、 eight-ball.If the breaker pockets a ball, it is still that player's turn and the table is considered "open" (meaning the breaker can still make any object ball to determine if he/she will only shoot solids or stripes throughout the game). If the breaker fails to make another ball afte

31、r the break, the table is still considered "open" until someone legally pockets a ball.According to World Standardized Rules, if the 8 ball is pocketed on the break, the breaker may ask for a re-rack or have the 8 ball spotted and continue shooting. If the breaker scratches while pocketing

32、 the 8 ball on the break, the incoming player has the option of a re-rack or having the 8 ball spotted and begin shooting with ball-in-hand behind the head string.For regional variations, see below.TurnsA player (or team) will continue to shoot until committing a foul (fault), taking a safety, or fa

33、iling to legally pocket an object ball on a non-safety shot. Thereupon it is the turn of the opposing player(s). Play alternates in this manner for the remainder of the game. Following a foul, the incoming player has ball-in-hand anywhere on the table, unless the foul occurred on the break shot, as

34、noted previously.Pocketing the 8 ballOnce all of a player's or team's group of object balls are pocketed, they may attempt to sink the 8 ball. To win, the player or team must first designate which pocket they plan to sink the 8 ball into and then successfully pot the 8 ball in that called po

35、cket. If the 8 ball falls into any pocket other than the one designated, is knocked off the table, or a foul (see below) occurs and the 8 ball is pocketed, the player loses the game. Otherwise, the player's turn is over (including if a foul occurs on an unsuccessful attempt to pocket the 8 ball;

36、 in some leagues, such as the VNEA, such fouls are also loss of game, but not in World Standardized Rules).WinningAny of the following circumstances result in a game win:A player legally pockets the 8 ball into a designated pocket, after all his or her object balls have been pocketedThe opposing pla

37、yer illegally pockets the 8 ball (e.g. before clearing all of his/her object balls, does so on the same shot as the last such object ball, or it falls into a pocket other than the one that was designated)The opposing player commits any foul, including scratching the cue ball into a pocket, or knocki

38、ng it off the table, during the same inning that the 8 ball is pocketed. A scratch or foul is not a loss of the game if the 8 ball is not pocketed or jumped from the table.The opposing player knocks the 8 ball off the table.FoulsThe shooter fails to strike one of his/her own object balls (or the 8 b

39、all, if all of said object balls are already pocketed) with the cue ball, before other balls (if any) are contacted by the cue ball. This includes "split" shots, where the cue ball strikes one of the shooter's and one of the opponent's object ball simultaneously.No ball comes into

40、contact with a cushion or is pocketed, after legal cue ball contact with the (first) object ball (or 8 ball, if shooting for the 8).The cue ball is pocketed ("scratched")The shooter does not have at least one foot on the floor (this requirement may be waived if the shooter is disabled in a

41、 relevant way, or the venue has not provided a mechanical bridge)The cue ball is shot before all balls have come to a complete stop from the previous shotThe cue ball is struck more than once during a shotThe cue ball is jumped entirely or partially over an obstructing ball with an illegal jump shot

42、 that scoops under the cue ballThe cue ball is clearly pushed, with the cue tip remaining in contact with it more than momentarilyThe shooter touches the cue ball with something other than the tip of the cueThe shooter touches any other ball (with body, clothing or equipment), other than as necessar

43、y to move the cue ball when the player has ball-in-handThe shooter knocks a ball off the tableThe shooter has shot out-of-turnOn the break shot, no balls are pocketed and fewer than four balls reach the cushions (in which case the incoming player can demand a re-rack and take the break or force the

44、original breaker to re-break, or may take ball-in-hand and shoot the balls as they lie)English-style rules In the United Kingdom, eight-ball pool (and its internationally standardized variant blackball) as an overall rather different version of the game has evolved, influenced by English billia

45、rds and snooker, and has become popular in amateur competition in Britain, Ireland, Australia, and some other countries. As with American eight-ball, there are multiple competing standards bodies that have issued international rules. Aside from using unnumbered object balls (except for the 8), UK-style tables have pockets just larger than the balls, and more than one type of rest is typically employed. The rules significantly differ in numerous ways, including the handling of fouls, which may give the opponent two shots, racking (the 8 ball, not the apex ball, goes on t