高考英語(yǔ)專題七考點(diǎn)講解

1、目 錄 Contents考情精解讀考點(diǎn)一 一般時(shí)考點(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)六動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀11.了解并能正確運(yùn)用?？嫉?1種時(shí)態(tài),尤其熟練運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)等高考高頻時(shí)態(tài);正確辨析幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別,如現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2.熟知各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和用法及主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的用法。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀2考查內(nèi)容考查頻次考查題型所占分值一般時(shí)5年55考一般時(shí)5年55考進(jìn)行時(shí)5年42考進(jìn)行時(shí)5年42考完成時(shí)5年44考完成時(shí)5年44考將來(lái)時(shí)5年18考將來(lái)

2、時(shí)5年18考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5年32考被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5年32考 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)由上表及近幾年高考試題可以看出:1.高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查覆蓋比較廣泛,而一般時(shí)和完成時(shí)是考查的重點(diǎn)。2.考查的角度越來(lái)越趨向語(yǔ)境化、實(shí)用化,即以基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)為主,把時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái),注重在實(shí)際運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)境中考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)。3.試題的設(shè)問(wèn)多以學(xué)生普遍感到難以把握的幾組時(shí)態(tài)相互干擾。考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀3 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)將繼續(xù)成為高考考查的重點(diǎn),考查趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)如下:1.試題將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)情景立意和能力立意的原則,即注重在語(yǔ)境中考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。2.在題干設(shè)置上會(huì)將動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)與其他語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,如名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、虛

3、擬語(yǔ)氣、特殊句式等融匯在一起進(jìn)行考查。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)返回目錄考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)1考點(diǎn)一一般時(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(do/does式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性或永久性的動(dòng)作,常與always, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車上班,而且每天晚飯后和妻子一塊兒散步。 當(dāng)?shù)谌?/p>

4、人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:He gets up at six oclock every day.他每天六點(diǎn)起床。特別提醒例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)2繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在的事實(shí)。As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.眾所周知,地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國(guó)的東方。此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:He proved that the earth is

5、 round.他證明地球是圓的。特別提醒表示特征、能力或現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況或狀態(tài)。Contradictions exist everywhere.矛盾處處存在。She lives in a villa at the foot of the hill.她住在山腳下的一幢別墅里。例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)3繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊用法在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用于代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.她明天來(lái)的時(shí)候我會(huì)告訴她的。You will surely succeed if you try you

6、r best.功夫不負(fù)有心人。表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,或者事先安排好的動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的有此用法的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有g(shù)o,come,leave,start,begin,arrive,end, finish, take off等。The meeting begins at 2:00 in the afternoon and ends at 5:00.會(huì)議下午兩點(diǎn)開(kāi)始,五點(diǎn)結(jié)束。The plane takes off at eight and arrives in Beijing at eleven. 飛機(jī)八點(diǎn)起飛,十一點(diǎn)到北京。例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)4繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)

7、【通關(guān)秘籍】 對(duì)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而言,把握一般和現(xiàn)在這兩點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常體現(xiàn)的是現(xiàn)在的特征、能力、一般狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,那么當(dāng)題干中能體現(xiàn)這些信息時(shí),便應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。而對(duì)于表示客觀真理、按計(jì)劃/時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、時(shí)間/條件/讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)這些特殊情況,也要以客觀真理、計(jì)劃/時(shí)刻表、時(shí)間/條件/讓步狀語(yǔ)從句這些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)上去著手考慮;當(dāng)題干滿足這些要求的時(shí)候,就選擇使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)5二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 常與表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連

8、用,如:yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1949。He bought the computer five years ago.他五年前買的電腦。Where did you go just now?剛才你去哪兒了?例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)6繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。注意:表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作還可用would, used to代替。例When I was in the countryside

9、, I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉(xiāng)村時(shí),經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的老朋友。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上學(xué)時(shí)每周去看一場(chǎng)電影。He used to go to work by bus.他過(guò)去常乘公交車上班。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)7繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊用法在表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句中,用于代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例We would not leave until she came back.她到來(lái)之前我們不會(huì)離開(kāi)。She told me th

10、at she would not go with us if it rained the next day.她告訴我如果第二天下雨她就不跟我們一起去了。用來(lái)描述過(guò)去幾個(gè)相繼發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,盡管這些動(dòng)作有先后順序,但都用一般過(guò)去時(shí),最后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作常用and連接。The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction. 教授把一根手指伸進(jìn)嘴里,嘗了嘗,滿意地笑了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)8繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于一些固定句型中表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣,如: It is time that

11、sb.did sth.(是某人做的時(shí)候了), wish that sb. did sth.(希望某人做某事), would rather sb. did sth. (寧愿某人做某事), If only sb. did sth.(要是某人就好了)。例It is time that the kids went to bed.孩子們?cè)撍X(jué)了。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)返回目錄考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)9【通關(guān)秘籍】1.找與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如ago,last year,just now,the other day, yesterday,last Sunday等),這些詞可看做一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。2.若

12、題干中沒(méi)有這些特定的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,那么就要從語(yǔ)境或特定情景來(lái)入手了。結(jié)合句意判定題干所表示動(dòng)作所體現(xiàn)的特性純粹表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去、強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的一般情況、單純表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)狀態(tài)或某個(gè)習(xí)慣, 若滿足這些條件,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)10考點(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now, at the moment等連用。We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。What are you doing now?你現(xiàn)在在干什么?例表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)

13、行而此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) these days等連用。Mr.Green is writing another novel.格林先生在寫(xiě)另一部小說(shuō)。(說(shuō)話時(shí)可能并未在寫(xiě))She is learning to play the piano from Mr.Smith these days.這些天她在跟史密斯先生學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)11繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法表示某個(gè)按最近的計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示將要開(kāi)始或結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。有此用法的動(dòng)詞常為趨向性動(dòng)詞,如go, start, set out, leave, arrive, com

14、e, return,run out等。I am leaving for Shanghai the day after tomorrow but my uncle is returning from abroad tomorrow.我打算后天前往上海,但是舅舅明天要從國(guó)外回來(lái)。例動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly等副詞連用時(shí)表達(dá)某種感情色彩,此感情色彩可褒可貶。You are always changing your mind.你總是改變主意。He is constantly thinking of others first. 他總是先想著別人。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

15、和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)12繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) 不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:feel, look, see, hear, soundlike, love, hate, wantthink, believe, understand, know四個(gè)情感動(dòng)詞三個(gè)存在動(dòng)詞五個(gè)擁有或從屬動(dòng)詞exist, stay, remainhave, possess, own, consist, belong(注:我們通常這樣來(lái)巧記不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行不相干,五個(gè)感官四情感;三個(gè)存在四思維,擁有從屬五個(gè)班。) 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)【特別提醒】五個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞四個(gè)思維動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)13二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were+

16、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么?During the summer of 2012 she was travelling in Europe. 2012年夏天她在歐洲旅行。例例表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或表示過(guò)去的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。When I came home, she was cooking dinner. 當(dāng)我到家時(shí),她正在做飯。He was reading newspapers w

17、hile I was studying.我在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)他在看報(bào)。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)14繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。有此用法的動(dòng)詞常為趨向性動(dòng)詞,如go, start, set out, leave, arrive, come, return, run out等。They were leaving for New York a few days later.他們幾天后要?jiǎng)由砣ゼ~約。Ten of them were coming for the meeting.他們中有10個(gè)人要來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)。例過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, forever,

18、continually等副詞連用,表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩。They were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架。The boy was continually asking questions. 這個(gè)男孩子老是問(wèn)東問(wèn)西的。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)15三、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will/shall+be+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)通常有以下幾種用法:(1)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與特定的表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的

19、這個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)在做什么? 例例(2)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示某動(dòng)作將會(huì)繼續(xù)且未完成。How many nights will you be staying? 你打算住幾個(gè)晚上? (3)用于詢問(wèn)別人的計(jì)劃、意圖或表示比較緩和的命令等。Will you be having supper with us this evening? 今晚你會(huì)和我們一起吃飯嗎? You will be coming at 6 oclock.你要在六點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。 例返回目錄 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)16考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1)現(xiàn)在

20、完成時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或造成的結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果,常與yet, already, just, before, lately等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I have just turned off the light. 我剛剛把燈關(guān)上了。I have already read the book. 我已讀過(guò)這本書(shū)了。例have/has gone to與have/has been to的區(qū)別:have/has gone to強(qiáng)調(diào)去而未歸; have/has been to強(qiáng)調(diào)去而歸來(lái)。have/has been to常和once, twice, never, ever

21、等連用;have/has gone to則不可。特別提醒 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)17繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常同these days, recently, so far,for+時(shí)間段和since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等連用。It has rained a lot these days.這些天多雨。She has worked in the school for ten years.她在這所學(xué)校工作已經(jīng)10年了。I havent eaten anything since breakfast.我從早餐時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在一直沒(méi)有吃東西。例非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leave,

22、arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成時(shí)態(tài),在肯定句中不能與for 或since 等引出的時(shí)間段連用,要轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能與一段時(shí)間連用。但其否定式可與這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較: 【誤】 I have bought the computer for a year.【正】 I have kept the computer for a year.特別提醒 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)18繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型在That/This/It is the first (second, third)tim

23、e (that)句型中,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time that I have watched a play. 這是我第一次看戲劇。例This/That/It is the+最高級(jí)+名詞+(that)從句中,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the best film (that) Ive ever seen. 這是我所看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。在It+have been+一段時(shí)間+since句型中,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。It is/has been six years since I came here.我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)六年了。例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義

24、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)19二、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,時(shí)間定位是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。句中一般有明確的表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句),如by,by the end of,by the time,until,when,before等引出的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)。但有時(shí)需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)判斷。By nine oclock last night, we had finished most of the work.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已完成了大部分工作。They had got everything ready

25、before I came.在我來(lái)之前,他們把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)20繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.當(dāng)公共汽車終于來(lái)的時(shí)候,我已在車站等了30分鐘。例在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主從復(fù)合句敘述的是過(guò)去的事,則先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。She returned the book that she had borrowed.她已歸還了她借的那

26、本書(shū)。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)21繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作(過(guò)去時(shí))之前。She said that she had finished her homework.她說(shuō)她已完成作業(yè)了。例在含有時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,若主從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作業(yè)后他上床睡覺(jué)了。例want, hope, mean, plan, intend等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

27、完成時(shí)可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖,意為本來(lái)。We had intended to come and see you.我們本打算來(lái)看你的。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)22繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用固定句型主語(yǔ)+had hardly/scarcely(no sooner)+過(guò)去分詞+when(than)從句。從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí); hardly,scarcely,no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句要倒裝。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interruptedhim. 他剛開(kāi)始演講,聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。例I

28、t was+一段時(shí)間+since從句。since從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我離開(kāi)北京至少有三個(gè)月了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)23繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)It was the first/second/time+(that)從句。從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.這是我第一次用英語(yǔ)在網(wǎng)上聊天。例By the time(表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的句子)+主句(過(guò)去完成時(shí))。By the time he wa

29、s ten,Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.十歲的時(shí)候,湯姆已經(jīng)自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。By the end of(表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的名詞)+句子(過(guò)去完成時(shí))。By the end of last term we had learned 12 units. 到上學(xué)期期末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了12個(gè)單元。 例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)24繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)【通關(guān)秘籍】l1.正確運(yùn)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的關(guān)鍵是要正確理解過(guò)去的過(guò)去。過(guò)去的過(guò)去是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)間,即它相對(duì)于一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間而言。這種相對(duì)的過(guò)去的過(guò)去有時(shí)通過(guò)一定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)出來(lái),有時(shí)則可能是通過(guò)一定的上下

30、文來(lái)體現(xiàn)。l2.命題人通常會(huì)設(shè)置一個(gè)過(guò)去的背景或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,然后在此之前又發(fā)生一個(gè)動(dòng)作,結(jié)合題干中的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷兩個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序,較前發(fā)生的那個(gè)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。l3.解題時(shí)要認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境,深入情景,揣摩動(dòng)作發(fā)生的順序;重視題干所給暗示,如時(shí)間副詞、并列或從屬連詞等;善于運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)律找到提示性的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)25三、將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will/shall+have+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)通常有以下幾種用法:(1)表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)/某動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by/before+將來(lái)時(shí)間等連用。By this time t

31、omorrow you will have arrived in Shenyang. 到明天這個(gè)時(shí)間你將已經(jīng)到沈陽(yáng)了。I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 九點(diǎn)之前我將已經(jīng)完成這篇作文了。When we get to the railway station, the train will probably have left. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)火車站時(shí),火車可能已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)26(2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。Youll come to like

32、the subject after you have studied it for some time.在學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)學(xué)科一段時(shí)間之后,你就會(huì)喜歡它的。 例返回目錄 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)27考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常有以下幾種用法:(1)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能持續(xù)下去。Tom has been working hard since the new term began. 自從新學(xué)期開(kāi)始,湯姆一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。例(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、反復(fù)發(fā)生。You

33、have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反復(fù)告訴我不要遲到。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)28繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(3)表示某種感情色彩。You have been daydreaming but make no efforts. 你一直在做白日夢(mèng),但從不努力。You have been deceiving me. 你一直在騙我。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)29二、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(had been+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常有以下幾種用法:(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的

34、狀態(tài)。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。例(2)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He had been asking me the same question.他老是問(wèn)我同樣的問(wèn)題。例(3)表示某種感情色彩,如喜歡、厭惡或不耐煩等。What had he been doing on earth?他究竟在忙什么呢?例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)30返回目錄【通關(guān)秘籍】 對(duì)于過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),主要是考查它與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別,在答題的時(shí)候要注意過(guò)去的過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生的動(dòng)作是否一直在進(jìn)行或反

35、復(fù)發(fā)生。 如: We had been waiting for the teacher for almost an hour when the president came to keep us patient. 句中wait的動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在come之前,而且校長(zhǎng)進(jìn)來(lái)讓我們耐心點(diǎn)說(shuō)明在come這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候我們還在等,而且還會(huì)繼續(xù)等,于是wait用了過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)31考點(diǎn)五將來(lái)時(shí)一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)表將來(lái)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)及用法如下:(1)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形表示將來(lái)的用法:表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即可表示較近的將來(lái),還可表示較遠(yuǎn)的將

36、來(lái)。常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:tomorrow, some day, next, from now on, in the future, in+一段時(shí)間等。 He will graduate from the college next year. 他明年大學(xué)畢業(yè)。We shall finish our work as quickly as possible. 我們會(huì)盡快完成工作。例特別提醒shall通常用于第一人稱,will通常用于各種人稱。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)32繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 表示將來(lái)的用法:表示現(xiàn)在打算、計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備要做某事。Wh

37、at are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算干什么?例表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看上去像要下雨了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)33繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(3)be to do表示將來(lái)的用法:表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定要做某事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們打算下周六討論這個(gè)報(bào)告。例表示說(shuō)話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。You are to hand in your application form within thre

38、e days.三天之內(nèi)你必須得遞交你的申請(qǐng)表。例表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。Her plan is to be a failure. 她的計(jì)劃注定要失敗。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)34繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(4)be about to do表示將來(lái)的用法:譯為即將或正要做某事,不可與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He is about to leave for Beijing.他正打算動(dòng)身去北京。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)35繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)will do/be going to do/be to dowill do表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生某事,可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái),而be going

39、 to do指有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生,通常表示事情很快就要發(fā)生。如:I am sure China will become one of the most powerful countries in the world. 我相信中國(guó)會(huì)成為世界上最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家之一。Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon, I think. 瞧,烏云正在聚集, 我想快要下雨了。1 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)【易混辨析】考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)36繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)be going to do表示事先考慮好的打算或意圖,will do則表示沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮的臨時(shí)

40、決定。如:I am going to have a picnic this weekend. 我打算這個(gè)周末去野餐。Sorry,I forgot to post the letter for you.對(duì)不起,我忘記替你寄信了。It doesnt matter. I will send an e-mail instead. 沒(méi)關(guān)系,我發(fā)一封電子郵件算了。2be going to do和 be to do都可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但表示不受人們意志控制的將來(lái)動(dòng)作時(shí),只能用be going to do, 不可用 be to do。另外,be to do還可以表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。如:L

41、ucy, you are to go to the teachers office after class this afternoon. 露西, (老師要)你今天下午放學(xué)后去老師辦公室。3 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)37二、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(should/would do式)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do the next week. 我昨天給他打電話,問(wèn)他我下周干什么。She hoped that they would meet again

42、 some day.她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。例表示過(guò)去的某種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,只用would do。Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.每當(dāng)我們遇到困難,他總會(huì)給予我們幫助。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)38繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的表示方法除 should/would+動(dòng)詞原形外(第一人稱通常用should,其他人稱通常用would),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還有以下常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式:was/were going to do。表示計(jì)劃、準(zhǔn)備做某事或?qū)⒁霈F(xiàn)的情況。I was going to buy a car then.當(dāng)時(shí)我正打

43、算買輛車。She was not going to do anything that evening.那晚她什么也沒(méi)打算做。例was/were about to do。表示正要/即將做某事。She was about to say something more, and then checked.她還想說(shuō)幾句,卻突然止住了。例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)39was/were to do。表示曾計(jì)劃做某事。She said she was to take up the position.她說(shuō)她要擔(dān)任這一職務(wù)。例返回目錄 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)40考點(diǎn)六動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

44、態(tài)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式,表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般來(lái)說(shuō),只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)41繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be與主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)保持一致,并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式見(jiàn)下表(以give為例): 現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式進(jìn)行式 完成式had been given 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)42繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)例The railway was built in 1998. 這條鐵路建于1998 年。(一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

45、A new railway is being built in this city. 這個(gè)城市正在修建一條新的鐵路。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The railway was being built this time last year.去年這個(gè)時(shí)候這條鐵路正在修建。(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The railway has already been built.那條鐵路已經(jīng)建成了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The railway had been built by the end of last year.這條鐵路在去年年底前已經(jīng)建成了。(過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))A new railway wil

46、l be built in this city next year.這個(gè)城市明年將建一條新的鐵路。(一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))He told us that a new railway would be built the next year.他告訴我們下一年將修建一條新鐵路。(賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)43繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。The cup with mixture was broken after class.那個(gè)裝有混合物的杯子課后被打破了。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。At las

47、t an agreement was arrived at. 終于達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。 (3)出于禮貌、語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)等不便指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Customers are requested not to touch the exhibits.顧客請(qǐng)勿觸摸展品。例例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)44繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(4)為了使句子避免頭重腳輕,使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The lecture will be made by Tom, who is a young artist from America.這次報(bào)告由湯姆來(lái)作,他是一位來(lái)自美國(guó)的年輕藝術(shù)家。(5)為了避免更換主語(yǔ)而使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這種情況一般出現(xiàn)在并

48、列句或復(fù)合句中。She gave a lecture on modern American poetry and was attentively listened to.她作了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代美國(guó)詩(shī)歌的講座,而且聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)得很認(rèn)真。例例 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)45繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式He needs to be taken care of. 他需要照顧。The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 據(jù)說(shuō)這本書(shū)已被譯為很多種語(yǔ)言。例一般式: to be done完成式: to have been done 高考復(fù)習(xí)講義 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)全通關(guān)46繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式 The building being repaired is our library. 正在維修的那座樓是我們的圖書(shū)館。Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow. 因被