上海高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總-考試終于不用發(fā)愁啦(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上上海高考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總，考試終于不用發(fā)愁啦 小優(yōu)寄語As the proverb goes ,failure is the mother of success.Therefore,we have to cope with a large variety of tough.Only in this way can we make self become more and more powerful.正如諺語所說，失敗是成功之母，因此，我們必須應(yīng)對各種各樣的困難，只有這樣我們才能使自己變得越來越強(qiáng)大。高考考前知識(shí)清單語法部分冠詞：能在300字左右的文章中，理解，辨析應(yīng)填入

2、的部分為不定冠詞，定冠詞。1. 一般語法部分會(huì)考一個(gè)冠詞題目。2. 后為一名詞，且后面部分句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。3此空格技巧為填不出單詞的情況去分析有無特指。代詞：能在整篇文章中去分析句子中缺少相應(yīng)的指代詞。1. 一般考察對象為形容詞性物主代詞。2. 前后有相應(yīng)的提示詞，如him,人名等。It 句型的考察，一般考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句，以及it 指代前文單詞。形容詞：能在句子中進(jìn)行分析，通過前后句子辨別空格為比較級或者最高級。1. 考察最高級一般_ 前有the.2. 比較級的考察要注意前后兩個(gè)句子的中文意思。3. And, or等詞前后一致。后面有than 提醒。副詞：能在文章中去理解此空格需要一個(gè)副詞。1. 一般

3、位于句首，句末。2. 副詞修飾句子，副詞，句子。句末副詞修飾前文中有一定距離的動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：能在300字的文章中，分析出作者的感情色彩。能對文章中作者語氣的揣測。（想了解更多教育資訊，馬上點(diǎn)標(biāo)題下方藍(lán)字關(guān)注。每日與您不見不散?。?. 一般前面為主語，后面為動(dòng)詞，后者副詞加動(dòng)詞。2. Could have done, should have done 等的考察。Have to 等加強(qiáng)語氣的掌握。非謂語動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞：能對高考常見固定搭配的再現(xiàn)。現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語的運(yùn)用。表示主動(dòng)，后置定語的運(yùn)用。做主語的掌握。1. 分詞作狀語句型為：， （動(dòng)詞原形）。2. 后置定語考察一般為：主語為人，單個(gè)單詞放

4、后面表示主動(dòng)。3. 句子開頭為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，裝換為ing 放句首做主語。4. 高考常見接ing 的搭配總結(jié)：admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免consider 考慮 delay 推遲 deny 否認(rèn) discuss 討論 dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫 excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 forgive 原諒 give up 放棄 imagine 想像 keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 沒趕上 pardon 原諒 permit 允許

5、practise 練習(xí) prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推遲report 報(bào)告 risk 冒險(xiǎn) stop 停止 suggest 建議 understand 理解 end up 結(jié)束 devote to 致力于過去分詞：能在短文中去分析，理解，辨認(rèn)出過去分詞作被動(dòng)的用法。能在文章中理解過去分詞的一些固定搭配。1. 考察一般為_ 前面主語為物，后面接過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義2. 過去分詞還表示完成意義。3. 常見的固定搭配：Have sth done、Make sth done、Let sth done、Need sth done不定式：能在文章中再現(xiàn)不定式的搭配。能在文

6、章中去理解不定式做主語的用法。能在文章中對不定式表示將來的掌握。1. 不定式放句首做主語。一般用ing 形式代替。2. 不定式放在名詞，代詞后面表示將來要完成的動(dòng)作。3. 不定式放在動(dòng)詞后面表示目的。4. 接不定式做賓語的常見搭配：afford to do sth. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 請求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 決定做某事decide to do sth. 決定做某事demand

7、to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 決心做某expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 幫助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 學(xué)習(xí)做某事manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事promise to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事refuse to do

8、 sth. 拒絕做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事時(shí)態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考察通常有recently, nowadays 等時(shí)間詞。2. 過去完成時(shí)的考察，主要是在從句中，主句為過去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。在主將從現(xiàn)的句子中，出現(xiàn)before, after,

9、 as soon as ,when 等被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 能在300字的文章中理解被動(dòng)意義。1.一般后面有by+主語。2. 句子的主語為物，且無生命。3. 容易與過去分詞表被動(dòng)混淆。固定搭配：能再現(xiàn)高考考綱中的一些常見的固定搭配。1. 固定搭配的考察一般_ 后面有介詞出現(xiàn)。2. 語感讀出來的固定搭配。3. ?？嫉墓潭ù钆洌号e例： （具體見考綱后面單詞）have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事above allbe absorbed intake into accountin advanceadd up toafter allall the wayask for sth介詞：

10、考察介詞最基本的意義?？疾旖樵~引起的固定搭配。1. 基本意義如： off 表示關(guān)。 On 表示開。2. 固定詞組見考綱。 如： at the speed of連詞簡單連詞：考察作者前后句之間的銜接所需要的關(guān)系。1. 一般后面的句子為完整的句子。技巧為：翻譯前后兩個(gè)句子，理解前后兩個(gè)句子的語義。2. 有些固定句型：It is +時(shí)間段+ beforeNot until 2復(fù)雜連詞：對兩個(gè)單詞引起的復(fù)雜連詞的再現(xiàn)。1. 常見的兩個(gè)，三個(gè)單詞引起的復(fù)雜連詞.In case ofNo matter whatAs ifAs thoughEven thoughEven ifBecause ofNot on

11、ly but alsoAs well asNot but No sooner thanHardly whenSo thatAs long asAccording toNeither norBoth andEither or 從句定語從句通常_ 前面為名詞或者物。 若人為who， 若物為 which賓語從句通常前面為動(dòng)詞或者介詞。 有時(shí)還考察whom.同位語從句前面一半有the fact, 等表示籠統(tǒng)概念的詞語。表語從句前面為is /are，后面通常填that.狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句的運(yùn)用1. 通常從句子的時(shí)態(tài)去判斷。2. 固定句型如主將從現(xiàn)。3. 分析兩個(gè)句子之間的動(dòng)作順序。條件狀語從句1. 經(jīng)

12、?？疾?if, unless, as soon as等單詞。2. 條件狀語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用。會(huì)結(jié)合現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)一起考察。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：強(qiáng)調(diào)句固定句型的記憶1. It is+強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that / who 虛擬語氣：考察虛擬語氣與名詞性從句的結(jié)合。虛擬語氣省略。一些固定單詞虛擬語氣運(yùn)用。1. 常見的接should do 的單詞：Suggest, advice,request, order,Insist,ask,determine, commond,Demand, desire,intend,Recommend,require.2. Were, should, 等提前。其他1. With, wi

13、thout 引起的獨(dú)立主格。1. Without 表示沒有。2. 經(jīng)常的搭配： With +名詞短語。2. 倒裝：全部倒裝、部分倒裝全部倒裝的：1. 副詞here 開頭2. There be 句型3. 謂語動(dòng)詞為come, go, be.4. 副詞now, then.部分倒裝：1. Only , so 開頭2. 頻度狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語，時(shí)間狀語開頭。3. So, neither 句型。祝愿句型。1. There be 句型較簡單。詞匯前綴1. 十一選十的文章中對詞性的判斷。1. 常見的前綴：anti- = againstauto- = self;personallyco- = togetherdi

14、s- = 不、無、相反dis- = 取消、除去、毀dis- = 加在含有“分開”、“否定”等意義的單詞前，作加強(qiáng)意義dis- = 分開、離、散dis- = 有時(shí)作di-,en- = 表示“置于.之中”、“登上.”、“使上.”en- = make or cause to be,“使成某種狀態(tài)”、“致使.”、“使之如.”、“作成.”en- = '用.來做某事'、“飾以.”、“配以.”en- = 家在動(dòng)詞之前，表示“in”,或只作加強(qiáng)意義il- = (用在l之前)不、無、非il- = (用在l之前)加強(qiáng)或引伸意義im- = (用在b,p,m之前)intoim- = (用在b,p,m之

15、前)不、無、非im- = (用在b,p,m之前)加強(qiáng)意義，或表示“使成.”、“飾以.”、“加以.”in- = 不、無、非in- = 內(nèi)、入in- = 加強(qiáng)意義，或表示“使.”、“作.”inter- = 在.之間、.之際inter- = 相互mis- = wrong;wrongly;unfavorablemulti- = manynon- = 非non- = 不non- = 無out- = 外、出out- = 勝過、超過out- = 過度、太甚out- = 除去over- = 過度、太甚over- = 在上、在外、從上、越過over- = 顛倒、反轉(zhuǎn)post- = afterpre- = 前pr

16、e- = 預(yù)先re- = 回、向后re- = 再、重復(fù)、重新re- = 相反、反對sub- = 下sub- = 次、亞、準(zhǔn)sub- = 稍、略、微sub- = 副、分支、下級sub- = 接近sub- = 更進(jìn)一層、再sub- = 用于化學(xué)名詞，表示化合物成分含量少的super- = 超super- = 上super- = 過度、過多tele- =遠(yuǎn)距離的，遠(yuǎn)的un- = 相反動(dòng)作、取消、除去un- = 不un- = 無un- = 非un- = 未un- = 由.中弄出后綴1. 十一選十中對后綴的判斷，以確定空格處填的單詞詞性。1. 名詞后綴：-ability, -ibility 表”能，性質(zhì)

17、”-al. n. = the action of, the person of表動(dòng)作，人，事物-an, -ian, -arian表各種年齡，派別，主義，職業(yè)的人-ee. n. = one who receives 表動(dòng)作的承受者-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. = doer;device for-hood. n. = condition;state 表身份，狀況，性質(zhì)-ion/ation. n. = action of;process of-ism. n. = doctrine;belief 表示主義，行為，學(xué)，派-ist. n. = 1)believer in. 2)exp

18、ert of 從事工作的人-ity n. =表行為，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)（想了解更多教育資訊，馬上點(diǎn)標(biāo)題下方藍(lán)字關(guān)注。每日與您不見不散！）-ty. n. = condition of being-ment. n. = 1)result of. 2)agency of. 3)state of表行為，狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)-ness. n. = condition or quality of being 表狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)-logy/-ology. n. = study of-ship. n. = state of 表狀態(tài)，狀況，身份，技藝，技能-sion, -ssion. n. =-ure. n. = 1)act or f

19、act of. 2)result of being動(dòng)詞后綴-en v.= 使變成-fy. v. = make;reinforce 使成，使化-ize. v. = make or cause to become 以方式對待，化 realize實(shí)現(xiàn)形容詞后綴-able. a. = inclined to be;likely to be done可的，能的-al. a. = inclined to be;connected with;pertaining to具有性質(zhì)的-ant, -ent. a. =表 “的”-ful. a. = full of-ic/ical. a. = relating to;

20、resembling-ish. a. = having the quality of-ive. a. = inclined to;having the quality of有性質(zhì)的，有作用的-less. a. = without 沒有的-like. a. = having the quality of 有性質(zhì)的，像的-ly a. =如的，有特性的-ous/-ious. a. having the quality of-some. a. = full of-ward a. =-y. a. = full of 充滿，包含副詞后綴-ly ad.=-ward, -wards ad. = 表方向其他-i

21、ng. a. = having the quality of-ed.過去分詞作定語 = 1)filled with;having the characteristics of. 2)done by翻譯常考題型1.動(dòng)名詞，不定式做主語、形式主語的句型2.形式賓語：心里的詞語+it +adj+to do sth3.成語翻譯：直譯、意譯4.倒裝句翻譯：部分倒裝5.從句翻譯：定語從句、賓語從句6.固定句型與搭配的考察7. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的翻譯8. 同位語從句翻譯9. 非限制性定語從句翻譯高考翻譯?？季湫鸵挥[表：1.As is known ( to us all ), 2.It seems that sb./s

22、th.3.It (so)happened that sb./sth.4.There seems to be5.It (suddenly) occurred to sb that 6.It is said / reported that sb./sth.7. It is no good / use doing 8. It is hard to imagine /say / believe9. It takes sb. some time to do sth.10. When/Whenever it comes to sb./sth/doing sth, 11. It (still) remain

23、s a question whether 12. It matters a lot / little whether/who/how13. You make it a rule to do / that14. keep / bear sth in mind15. take sth. for granted16. see to sth.17. I would appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth.18. It wont be long before 19. It is up to sb. to do sth.20. It was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+

24、that 21. not until 直到才22. The first time +從句 23. no sooner than / hardly when24. n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V25. However / No matter how + adj. / adv. + S + V,26. The more the more 27. There is no / not much point in doing 28. Chances are that 可能29. since / now that 既然30. It is / has been

25、some time since (過去式)31. Those who32. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam33. 倒裝 全部倒裝 部分倒裝Only +狀語（短語/從句）34. 祈使句，and / or +陳述句35. not but36. Word came that 37. The reason why / for was / is that .38. What impressed / struck us most was thatWhat matters (to sb.) is that39. With

26、the development / improvement / rise / increase / advance / help of 40. Contrary to ones wish / expectation / what people (had) expected / thought41. cannot /never too / cant enough - 怎樣也不過分-42. not necessarily 未必-43. take into consideration / account作文開頭開頭常見模板： 1 表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)型：The discussion about _ is a v

27、ery controversial one. Those who criticize (/oppose/object to/are against) _ contend (/argue/hold) that _, but people who advocate (/favor/are for) _, on the other hand, maintain (/assert/ claim) that _. From the personal perspective, I maintain (/hold/believe) that _.2. 贊同不贊同型：When it refers to _,

28、the discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue during the last decade. It is commonly accepted that _; however, I disagree with the statement. I maintain (/hold/believe) that _. (I partly approve this claim and there are several reasons and instance as f

29、ollows supporting my view.) 3. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)型：Just a few years ago, the idea of _ seemed far-reaching for most Chinese. Now, however, we are all aware that everything has two sides. _ is no exception in its development. With the advert and popularity of _, its advantages and disadvantages have been a subject

30、 of discussion.4. 討論雙方觀點(diǎn)型：_ now plays such an important role in so many peoples lives that it is essential for us to try to decide whether it is a blessing or a curse. Peoples opinions are divergent on such a complex and controversial topic. Advocates maintain that _. Opponents, on the other hand, c

31、ontend (argue/insist) that _. Obviously, both sides have over-simplified this issue. Actually, its value to people and society depends on how it is used. 4. 解決方案型：According to a(n) survey (/investigation/analysis/statistics/report) released (/conducted/made) by _, there is a growing (/increasing/dec

32、lining) number of _ who (/which) _.To be specific, _. (What amazes us most is that _.) Among countless factors which directly and indirectly influence _, there are several conspicuous aspects as follows.結(jié)尾：對常見的結(jié)尾段落的再現(xiàn)。1、表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)型：Weighing the pros and cons of _, I strongly commit to the notion that _, n

33、ot only because _, but also because _.2、優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)型：To sum up, the key point is how to make good use of its positive aspects and avoid its negative points. While taking advantage of _, we must try to find ways to reduce its disadvantages, namely, _, to a minimum.3、討論雙方觀點(diǎn)型：In any case, whether the ultimate

34、 effect of _ is beneficial or detrimental, one thing is certain that _ in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to society. (Weighing the two sides, both arguments seem to be reasonable, after all.)4、解決方案型：To promote (/suppress/cultivate/populariz

35、e/curb/enhance/root up) the issue in question, the public attention (/more stress/more emphasis) should be placed (/put/focused) upon two proposals (/moves/measures/solutions): _.正文對正文段落的topic sentences 和supporting sentences 的運(yùn)用。正文段落模板：The main reason for my propensity to _ is that _. What is more,

36、_. Moving on to wider themes, I agree with the statement that _ without reservations for the reason that _. Naturally, _. It can be given a concrete example that _.Another equally essential factor why I advocate _ involves the realm of _. No one can deny that _. Obviously, it is imperative that _. Meanwhile, a recent survey (/a typical example) will make this point clear and acceptable; _.However, we should concede that dispite the merits of _ mentioned above, ov