新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)83課分析解析

1、Lesson 83單詞學(xué)習(xí)n electionn former n defeat n fanatical n opponent n radical n progressive n suspicious n. 選舉選舉 adj. 從前的從前的 v. 打敗打敗 adj. 狂熱的狂熱的 n. 反對(duì)者，對(duì)手反對(duì)者，對(duì)手 adj. 激進(jìn)的激進(jìn)的 adj. 進(jìn)步的進(jìn)步的 adj. 懷疑的懷疑的n election n. (經(jīng)由投票的) 選舉; 當(dāng)選n a general election n大選,普選n舉行選舉n hold an election n贏得選舉,當(dāng)選n win an election n最終

2、的選舉結(jié)果會(huì)在周五公布。n The final election results will be announced on Friday.n Elect v. 選舉n雷根被選為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)n Reagan was elected (to be) President of the United States.nFormer adj.前者的, 前任的, 以前的nformer是前者，和后者 (latter ) 相比較而言的nprevious是以前的，是時(shí)間上的。 nprior是指優(yōu)先于。比起什么先做什么。n我喜歡前者的畫(huà)而不喜歡后者nI prefer the former picture to the

3、latter. n此工作不需要以前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。nNo previous experience is necessary for this job.n憲法優(yōu)先于其他一切法律nConstitution is prior to all other laws.ndefeat n（1） v. 打敗n打敗敵人ndefeat an enemyn我隊(duì)以5比零擊敗對(duì)手。nOur team defeated our opponent by 5：0. n（2） n 挫折、失敗n我們的棒球隊(duì)再遭失敗nOur baseball team has suffered another defeat . nfanaticaln（1

4、）adj. 狂熱的n（2）n.（主義、宗教等） 狂信者nfan n.（口） 迷、熱心愛(ài)好者na baseball fan 棒球迷 na rock and roll fan 搖滾迷nbe crazy about 非常喜愛(ài) ., 醉心於 n be mad about n opponent n. 反對(duì)者，對(duì)手n他以三比一擊敗對(duì)手。n He beats his opponent by 3：1. nv. oppose n（1）v. 反對(duì)、抵抗n我反對(duì)你去那裡n I oppose your going there alone . n暴風(fēng)雨阻止我們前進(jìn)n The storm opposed our adva

5、nce . n（2） v.使對(duì)立、使對(duì)抗n oppose + sth + to/ against 對(duì)立、對(duì)抗n他對(duì)比了優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)來(lái)考慮這件事。n He considered the matter , opposing its advantage against / to its disadvantage .n be opposed to sth n與某事物相對(duì)立, 反對(duì)某事物n她強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)他們的計(jì)劃。n She is strongly opposed to their plan. nradical n（1）根本的、徹底的n徹底改進(jìn)nradical improvementsn（2）過(guò)激的、激進(jìn)的、

6、極端的nthe radical party 激進(jìn)黨 nradically adv. 根本地, 完全地, 過(guò)激地n radicalism n. 激進(jìn)主義, 根本的改革主義9nprogressive n（1） adj. 進(jìn)步的n conservative na.保守的，守舊的；傳統(tǒng)的 n.保守的人n思想進(jìn)步的市長(zhǎng)na mayor with progressive ideas n新主席是相當(dāng)前衛(wèi)的。 nThe new chairman is quite progressive . n（2） 前進(jìn)的、進(jìn)行的 n regressive a.退步的，退化的n progress n（1） n. 前進(jìn)、進(jìn)行n

7、（2） n. 進(jìn)步、上進(jìn)、發(fā)展n醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展n the progress of medicinen你已經(jīng)在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)上取得了很大進(jìn)展。n Youve made great progress in speaking English .n（3） n.經(jīng)過(guò)、過(guò)程、進(jìn)展n這個(gè)病人進(jìn)步極為顯著。n The patient is making remarkable progress.n（4） v. 前進(jìn)、進(jìn)行、上進(jìn)、提高n我們的工作現(xiàn)正穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。n We are now progressing steadily with our work .n你在數(shù)學(xué)上進(jìn)步很快n Youve progressed quickly

8、 in mathematics . nsuspiciousn adj. 猜疑的，認(rèn)為可疑的，對(duì)起疑心的，多疑的n海關(guān)官員都對(duì)面色緊張的旅客起疑心。nCustoms officers are suspicious of nervous-looking travelers.n別那么多疑，一切都好。nDont be so suspicious. Everythings all right.n adj. 可疑的，令人起疑的n這場(chǎng)車(chē)禍看起來(lái)很可疑。nThe car crash looks suspicious.nsuspiciously adv. 猜疑地, 可疑地n suspicion n. 猜疑n他的

9、話引起了我的懷疑。nHis remarks aroused my suspicion . n我懷疑，我的手機(jī)已被竊聽(tīng)。nI have a suspicion that my phone has been tapped .課文講解nThe former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fa

10、natical opponent of Mr. Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. nOn the following day, Patrick went to t

11、he house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the pol

12、iceman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad! I know, answered Patrick, but I love to hear you say it!nThe former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defea

13、ted in the recent elections. nthe former Prime Minister n the ex-Prime Minister 前首相ndefeat sb 擊敗某人 beat sb 打贏某人n上個(gè)星期六阿森納擊敗曼聯(lián)。nArsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday.n He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. n retire 退休n我的父親60歲將退休。n My father will retire at the age of 60.n g

14、o abroad 出國(guó)n travel abroad 出國(guó)旅行n study abroad 留學(xué)，出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)n live abroad 住在國(guó)外n be abroad 在國(guó)外n from abroad 從海外來(lái)n他剛剛從國(guó)外旅行回來(lái)。n He has just returned from abroad . nMy friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lanes Radical Progressive Party. nRadical Progressive Party. 激進(jìn)黨nAfter the electio

15、ns, Patrick went to the former Prime Ministers house.nWhen he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.nduty n（1） n. 責(zé)任、義務(wù)、本份non duty在上班(的)，在值班(的) n off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的)n（2）稅，關(guān)稅ncustoms duty 關(guān)稅nexport duties 出口稅nimp

16、ort duties 進(jìn)口稅n On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question.n walk past prep. 走過(guò)、經(jīng)過(guò)n entrance n（1） 入口、大門(mén)口n 公園入口n entrance to the parkn the back entrance 後門(mén)n（2） 進(jìn)入n進(jìn)入大學(xué)n entrance into college

17、 entrance to collegen入學(xué)測(cè)試n entrance examinationnThough a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer.nthough 引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句n如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的相同而謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞be，則主語(yǔ)+be可省略n完整的從句是： nThough the policeman was a little suspicious this time.nThe day after, Patrick went to the house once more and ask

18、ed exactly the same question. nonce more 再度n他再次提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。nHe asked the question once moren This time, the policeman lost his temper. n lost ones temper 發(fā)脾氣n temper n（1） n. 脾氣n別發(fā)脾氣n Keep your temper ！n（2） n. 心情、情緒n昨晚發(fā)生的事情後，我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，他今天早上的情緒很好。n After what happened last night , I was surprised to find that

19、 he was in such a good temper this morning .n你應(yīng)該向他道歉，他現(xiàn)在脾氣很壞。n You should apologize to him . Hes in a very bad temper .nmood n. 心情、情緒n我在晚會(huì)上玩的很開(kāi)心，心情很好。nI enjoyed myself at the party . I was in a very good mood .n別打擾他，他心情很不好。nDont disturb him . hes in a very bad mood .nbe in the mood for sth/ doing st

20、hn be in the mood to do 想做某事n我很想開(kāi)車(chē)去鄉(xiāng)下兜兜風(fēng)。nIm in the mood for a drive into the country .nI would very much like to go for a drive into the country.mood， humor， temper區(qū)別：n These nouns refer to a temporary state of mind or feeling. n這些名詞指一種暫時(shí)的精神或感情狀態(tài)。n Mood is the most inclusive term: n Mood 是范圍很廣的詞語(yǔ)：n

21、 a contentious mood; n好爭(zhēng)論的脾氣；n a cheerful mood. n愉快的心情；n“I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers” (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley). n “我沒(méi)有心情和陌生人一起談笑” （瑪麗渥斯通克拉夫特雪萊）。n Humor often implies a state of mind resulting from ones characteristic disposition or temperament; it sometimes suggests fitful

22、ness or variability: n Humor 常指由一個(gè)人的性格傾向或性情引起的精神狀態(tài)；有時(shí)指不規(guī)則的或變化的狀態(tài)：n The humor of the Cabinet shifted after the scandal was exposed. n內(nèi)閣在丑聞被揭露之后態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化。n“All which had been done . . . was the effect not of humor, but of system” (Edmund Burke). n “所有已經(jīng)做過(guò)的不是情緒而是制度的結(jié)果” （愛(ài)德蒙伯克）。nTemper most often refers t

23、o a state of mind marked by irritability or intense anger: nTemper 通常指具有被激怒或大怒性質(zhì)的一種精神狀態(tài)：n“The nation was in such a temper that the smallest spark might raise a flame” (Macaulay).n“全國(guó)上下都十分憤慨以至于稍有火星都可能引起熊熊火焰” （多選答案：n 1. b 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)只有b. 是正確的，課文所暗示出如果溫特沃茲?萊恩先生在最近的大選中獲勝，他還會(huì)當(dāng)首相的，但事實(shí)上他沒(méi)有獲勝。 n只有b. 與這一暗示相符，

24、其他3個(gè)選擇都與課文的內(nèi)容不符。n 2. a 根據(jù)課文最后一行but I love to hear it, 可以判斷a. 是課文所暗示的情形，其他3個(gè)選擇都與課文含義不符。n 3. c 本句的前半部分用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) he has always been a fanantical opponent n (他一直是強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)者)，后半部分只有用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)才能與前面的時(shí)態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)，并合乎邏輯。 應(yīng)該選c. 其他3個(gè)選擇都不對(duì)：a. has n been 是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與前面時(shí)態(tài)重復(fù),意思不同；b. was 是過(guò)去時(shí)不合乎邏輯；d. has n不合乎題目意思，此外需要的是動(dòng)詞be,而不是have. 所以

25、c. 是最佳答案。n 4. c 只有選c. to 才符合習(xí)慣用法，因?yàn)閎e opposed 后面需要同介詞to 搭配才能構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，be opposed to n意思為“反對(duì)”，其他3個(gè)選擇都不能同opposed 連用，所以應(yīng)該選c.n 5. a 該句需要選一個(gè)與前一句中的連詞if(是否)意義相同的詞,才能使兩個(gè)句子意思相同. 只有a. whether (是否)與if n意義相同,其他3個(gè)選擇b. that , c. unless(如果不,除非)和d. providing that n (以為條件，假如)都與if 的含義不同，所以選a.n 6. b 只有選b. of 才符合習(xí)慣用法， 因?yàn)榫?/p>

26、中的suspicious 后面只能跟介詞of 或about 構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)， be n suspicious of/about 意思是“對(duì)感到懷疑”，其它3個(gè)選擇都不能與suspicious 連用，所以選b.n 7. c 本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是for some time (一段時(shí)間)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該同完成時(shí)態(tài)連用才合乎邏輯；a. has gone n是完成時(shí)，但它表示的是瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，不應(yīng)該同表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)年用；b. went 和 d. did go 都不是完成時(shí)；只有c. n has been 是完成時(shí)，可以同表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用，表示某種狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)該選c.n 8. b

27、本句需要一個(gè)同前一句中的形容詞former (先前的，過(guò)去的)含義相同的詞。 a. first (第一的)；b. previous n (先的，以前的)；c. latter (最近的)；d. before (以前，在之前)中，只有b. 與former n的意義和詞性相同，所以選b.n 9. c 本句需要選一個(gè)同前一句中的defeated (被擊敗)含義相同的詞。 a. conquered (被征服的)，b. won n (被贏得的，勝利的)；c. beaten (被擊敗的)；d. destroyed (被毀壞的)中，只有c. 與defeated n的意義相同，所以選c.n 10. d 只有選d

28、. against 才能使此句與前一句Patrick has always been a fanatical n opponent(帕特里克一直是強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)者。)的含義協(xié)調(diào)一致。而若選a. opposite(對(duì)面)與前一句意義不符， b. anti n一般不能單獨(dú)使用，它常做前綴表示“反對(duì)”，“防”“抗”等，在口語(yǔ)中可以做名詞或形容詞，意思為“持反對(duì)態(tài)度的人”， n“反對(duì)的”，也不適合這個(gè)句子， c. at 意思講不通。 n所以d. 是答案。n 11. a 本句需要選一個(gè)同前一句中的lost his temper (生氣，發(fā)脾氣)含義相同的詞組。a. got angry (生氣)；b. n w

29、as in a bad mood (心境不好)；c. lost his nerve (畏縮，害怕)；d. was in a bad n humour (情緒不好，不高興)中，只有a. 與lost his temper 意義最接近，所以選a.n 12. b 本句是需要選一個(gè)與前一句中的election (選舉)意義相關(guān)的詞，才能使其意義與前一句符合。 a. marks (分?jǐn)?shù)，記號(hào))；b. n votes (投票，選票)；c. points (點(diǎn)，得分)；d. grades (等級(jí)，成績(jī)，分?jǐn)?shù))中，只有b. n的詞意義與election 有關(guān)，而其他3個(gè)選擇意義相同，一般都不用來(lái)指選舉的得票數(shù)，

30、所以b.是最佳答案。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：n讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句中的一種，其本身也是狀語(yǔ)從句。一般翻譯為“盡管”或“即使”，就是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪杏玫摹巴艘徊秸f(shuō)”的感覺(jué)。n引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞，疑問(wèn)詞-ever，despite，in spite of。切記although，though 不可與but連用，但可以與yet連用。nthough,although表示“雖然，縱然”之意。 這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同，在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中，t

31、hough較常使用，although比though正式，二者都可與yet,still或never，the less連用，但不能與but連用。例如： Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了，身體還很健壯。 值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前的情況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如： She

32、passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí)，考試卻及格了nas,though表示“雖然但是”，“縱使”之意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。例如： Object as you may,Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object,Ill go.) 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。 Hard as/ though he works,he makes lit

33、tle progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.）盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒(méi)取得什么進(jìn)步。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他知道該做什么。 Fast as you read,you cant finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快，你也不能這么快讀完這本書(shū)。neven if,even though 表示“即使”，“縱使”之意，含有一種假設(shè)。 這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們?；Q使用，但意義有細(xì)微差別