視聽說III 原文和答案 Unit2

1、VLS Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, its easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still dont understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current t

2、hat brings storms or droughtthe mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W:

3、I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the suns energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean wi

4、th wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.M: Thats why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do?4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and c

5、ars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do?5.

6、 ScriptM: Hey, thats an aerosol spray youre using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer. W: Cool it, man. This spray doesnt contain CFC s. And youd better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone

7、layer shrank by 20 percent, so theres no reason to panic.Q: What does the man mean?Keys: 1.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed: I think so. Ummmore now than before.Martha: What do

8、 you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today?Ed: TodayI think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed: Ummthrough school. A lot of clubs promote e

9、nvironmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that.Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school?Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on. And also to p

10、revent more problems from occurring. Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be?Ed: A new law for the environment? UmmId probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere b

11、ecause its just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground.Martha: Thats a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?Ed: I m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I alway

12、s throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect nature ever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about en

13、vironmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would l

14、ike to create to help the environment, he said that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throws his trash into the gar

15、bage bin.Task 2 River pollution If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into a river, the c

16、oncentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably. Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up al

17、l the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish.Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and

18、 other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entiresurface, preventing oxy

19、gen from entering the water.Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.Questions and key

20、 1. What is the passage mainly about? D) The causes of river pollution. 2. Why does the river water turn green? A) Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase. 3. What harm does industrial waste cause? B) Poisoning. 4. Which of the following is true of oil pollution? C) It prevents oxygen fr

21、om entering the water. 5. What harm can warm water in a river bring? D) Lack of oxygen.Task3: Curbing Carbon emissionsScriptAlthough it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.Zhang Guo

22、bao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroele

23、ctric, nuclear, wind, and solar power."Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of 60.06 million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to th

24、e international community that 15 percent of our power will be generated from non-fossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only 7.8 percent.China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statist

25、ics show that China invested US$34.6 billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$18.6 billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$2.5 billion.However, China

26、9;s carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that th

27、e effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment.Questions and key l. What is the passage mainly about? D) Cutting carbon dioxide emissions: China's achievements and problems. 2. From four years ago until August thi

28、s year, how many kilowatts of coal-fired plant capacity will have been closed? D) More than 70 million. 3. By 2020, what will be the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total power in China? A) 15%. 4. Which of the following is true of the investment by China and the United States in clean energy

29、 last year? B) China's investment was almost twice as large as the United States'. 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a problem arising from curbing greenhouse gas emissions? C) Causing more strikes.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Gra

30、ndma getting along during this usually hot weather?Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the weather has changed.John: What she means is the climates long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.Nora:

31、 Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, “Its all in your mind, Granny.”John: Shes right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain.Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny?John: Tell

32、her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.Nora: Think shell want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhouse gases?John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we wont stop it.Nora: Ill tell Granny not to burn an

33、y more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair.John: OK, joke about it, but it wont be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donations to save the rainforests.

34、Chris: So what?Susan: So what?! Dont you want to save the rainforests?Chris: But therere no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates.Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical area

35、s, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know that?Susan: Well, Ive just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in the worlds rainforests, and 35 percent of the worlds plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.Chris:

36、Wow, Im impressed. So what else have you learned?Susan: Most of the worlds rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute!Chris: Its terrible!Susan: Yeah, weve got to find a way to save them. Now would you like to g

37、ive a donation?Chris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the worlds rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy! , Many of the worlds plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.A:

38、We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, weve got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?B: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesnt have a lot of forests compared with many countries.A: Thats true. Ive just read an article a

39、bout afforestation. Chinas forest coverage rate was 18.21percent last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Dont lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just 16.55 percent.B: Any other good news?A: China has stepped up its tree-plantin

40、g efforts. Now its the worlds No.1 planter of trees.B: Wow, Im impressed.MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. Youre back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, thats bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around my head. John:

41、 The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, Ive heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them.John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airbo

42、rne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it can travel very long distances.Susan: Normally, when theres a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you cant breathe, you cant se

43、e well, and its dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And its not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes up very

44、 high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problem?Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid t a

45、ddress the environmental problem.V. Lets TalkMan 1: Well, it's inspirational language which is nice and lovely and fluffy, but doesn't really actually commit anyone to doing anything, and so it's really hard to take to the bank. I mean, people's lives are on the line in the developin

46、g world where we are seeing the impacts felt first and foremost, And obviously the atmosphere simply can't take the kind of emissions we've been seeing in the business-as-usual scenario and there's no real commitment to change that. There's no real commitment to put serious money on

47、the table and that's a big problem. On-screen text: Wind Farm This is a great photo op for all the world leaders, but if it's not backed by action, it really doesn't mean much at the end of the day.Man 2: What's in there is very disappointing. It does not constitute a_ a deal. It'

48、;s a hollow shell that will need to be filled in, and it has some numbers, it talks about trying to avoid two degrees. That's the same language that the G8 used last July. But it lacks anything on emissions cuts as yet that would guarantee that we're actually on the, on track to get there. A

49、nd the financing commitments. there is a mention of a 1OO-billion-dollar figure and the attempt to raise or mobilize that level of resources, but there's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will b

50、e channeled in new ways, as yet.Key (1) -b (2) - a (3) -h (4) -d (5)-g (6)-e (7)-c (8)-fVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The environment and the developmentScriptLi: Hi Professor Wang, Im Li Lin, a correspondent from the University Newspaper. The staff and students here are getting more and

51、more interested in the relationship between the environment and development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same time?Wang: There are many environmental problems: air poll

52、ution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train, over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.Since the United Nations

53、Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people and governments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainable development”. This means todays economic growth should not wipe out he resources and options for future generations. Planning and development should ensure not only economic growth, but also soc

54、ial advancement and environment health. In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled. Instilling principles of development into government planning, resource management and economic policy is the most important step China could take to solve its environmental problems.Chin

55、a has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to the environment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the government banned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protect forests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between env

56、ironment and development persists. Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance between economic growth and the environment. Environment Problemsair pollution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train, over-consumption of wild

57、animals and plants, etc.Central problemsthe contradiction between economic growth and the environment.A New Ideasustainable development; it means:(1) Todays economic growth should not wipe out he resources and options for future generations.(2) Planning and development should ensure not only economi

58、c growth, but also social advancement and environment health.(3) some economic behavior must be restricted or controlledWhat China Could DoInstill principles of sustainable development into government planning, resource management and economic policyWhat China Has DoneChina has already taken some remarkable st