人教版高中英語總復(fù)習(xí)

1、 人教版高中英語總復(fù)習(xí)人教版高中英語總復(fù)習(xí)形形 容容 詞詞 和和 副副 詞詞講課教師講課教師 鄭士國鄭士國形容詞形容詞/限定詞限定詞/和副詞和副詞功能各異功能各異n1. 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 從構(gòu)詞角度來看，許多的副詞是由形容詞加后綴派生n 而來，更有一些副詞和同義形容詞同形。這對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)和使用這兩種詞 n 類有很大的便利。而從功能的角度來看，它們的差別又很大，并且還n 有一些交叉，要注意區(qū)分。n2. 形容詞和限定詞形容詞和限定詞 上述的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別，也存在于形容詞和限定詞之間，n 要注意區(qū)分。n 1) 形容詞修飾名詞：擴(kuò)大內(nèi)涵、縮小外涵，加以分類：n big dog some are big

2、, some notn 2) 限定詞修飾名詞：只具有限定作用，使名詞具有語法意義: this dog 形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按含義分類按含義分類 n按含義分類按含義分類n1. 品質(zhì)品質(zhì)形容詞 表示人或事物的品質(zhì)。通常能用于比較級(jí)，數(shù)量很大。n 如：active, big, dear等。n2. 類屬類屬形容詞 表示人或事物的類別歸屬。通常不能用于比較級(jí)。n 如： agricultural, basic, daily等。n3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞 是一種“強(qiáng)意詞”，即用于加強(qiáng)或減弱語義的詞，起強(qiáng)調(diào)n 作用 ，數(shù)量不多。n 如：real,complete, perfect, pure, total,

3、 true等。n4. 顏色顏色形容詞 表示顏色。n 如：blue, red, purple等。形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按結(jié)構(gòu)分類按結(jié)構(gòu)分類 1n按結(jié)構(gòu)分類按結(jié)構(gòu)分類n1. 單一形容詞單一形容詞 許多形容詞是單一的詞。n2. ing形容詞形容詞 即詞尾是ing的形容詞。n 1）由及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，其中許多是品質(zhì)品質(zhì)形容詞，有時(shí)n 能用于最高級(jí), 如：most disappointing， most exciting等。n 2）由不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，不能用于比較級(jí)，而且只能n 做定語，如existing, rising等。n 3）加有短小副詞前綴的由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，n

4、 如：ongoing, outstanding, incoming等。n 4）與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞無關(guān)的ing結(jié)尾的形容詞，如：neighbouring。n形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按結(jié)構(gòu)分類按結(jié)構(gòu)分類 2 n3. ed形容詞形容詞 即詞尾是ed的形容詞。n 1）由及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來。n A. 多為品質(zhì)品質(zhì)形容詞，具有被動(dòng)含義，如：amused, bored, 等。n B. 有些是類屬類屬形容詞，不能用于比較級(jí)，如：required, infectedn armed, fixed, cooked等。n 2）由不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，不能用于比較級(jí)，而且只能n 做定語，如existed

5、等。n 3）加有副詞前綴的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞， 如：well-equipped, n powerfully-built, highly-developed等。n 4) 與過去分詞無關(guān)的ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，如：beloved。n 5) 名詞+ed構(gòu)成的形容詞，如：winged, flowered, salaried等。 此外，形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按結(jié)構(gòu)分類按結(jié)構(gòu)分類 3 n4. 復(fù)合形容詞復(fù)合形容詞n 1）形容詞-名詞ed：soft-hearted narrow-mindedn 2) 副詞-過去分詞：low-paid poorly-writtenn 3) 形容詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：nice-lo

6、oking fine-soundingn 4) 副詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：hard-working long-standingn 5) 名詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：labour-saving heart-breakingn 6) 形容詞-名詞：white-collar full-timen 7) 名詞-過去分詞：tree-lined road n 8) 名詞-形容詞：duty-fee shop 9) 過去分詞-副詞：cast-off shoesn 10) 副詞-副詞：all-out attempt 11) 動(dòng)詞-副詞：take-home payn 12) 數(shù)詞-名詞：two-piece suitn 還有由短語、短句

7、轉(zhuǎn)化而成的三個(gè)詞或更多的詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞：heart-to-heart talk out-of-the-way place (a lonely place)形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按作用分類按作用分類 4n1. 表語形容詞表語形容詞 只用作表語的形容詞/在一定的結(jié)構(gòu)中用作表語的形容詞n 這類詞有些也可以做定語，但意義不同(如ill,ready等)n 1) a-為字首的形容詞：afraid, asleep, alive, alone, ashamed等n 2) 其它字母為首的形容詞：content, due, glad, likely, ready, sorry等n 3）表示身體健康的形容詞

8、：ill, well, unwell, faint等n 4）后接to的形容詞組：devoted to, close to, next to, near to等n 5）后接of的形容詞組：aware of, full of, fond of, capable of 等n 6）后接其它介詞的形容詞組：responsible for, dependent on, lacking n in等n 7) 后接其它不定式或that從句的形容詞組。n A. 接其它不定式: liable to do, fit to be .n B. 接that從句: confident that ., happy that.形

9、容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按作用分類按作用分類 5n2. 定語形容詞定語形容詞 只用作定語的形容詞。n 1) 全部強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞：total, pure, real, true等。n 2) 多數(shù)顏色形容詞。n 3）大量類屬形容詞：east, west, indoor, outdoor, woolen等。n 4）個(gè)別表語形容詞 n A. sure: a sure thing B. glad: glad newsn C. sorry: sorry one D. fond: fond hopesn E. ill: ill comments F. ready: ready answern3. 補(bǔ)語形容詞補(bǔ)語

10、形容詞 賓語補(bǔ)語在本質(zhì)上是表語，所以表語形容詞均可做補(bǔ)語：n I found her ill. I hope to see you well soon.n4. 狀語形容詞狀語形容詞 狀語形容詞通常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短語，在本質(zhì)上是表語，實(shí)際n 上是一個(gè)省略了主語和系詞的句子。n She grasped my hands, unable to say anything.形容詞的類別形容詞的類別-按作用分類按作用分類 6n5. 同位語形容詞同位語形容詞 某些形容詞可做同位語.n 1) 類似后置定語:n He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chine

11、se and n English.n 2) 類似表語: I found Jim, unconscious, a few hours later.n6. 名詞化形容詞名詞化形容詞n 1）the+形容詞。n A. 表示一類人：the poor the lazy the well-to-do the deadn B. 表示一類事物：the difficult the impossible the unexpectedn C. 表示一類品質(zhì)：the new the oldn 2) 介詞+ 形容詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組：n from bad to worse for sure for certain for f

12、ree for short n in short in general in full at least at most at best 形容詞的位置形容詞的位置 1n1. 形容詞做定語的位置形容詞做定語的位置。n 1）前置n 2）后置n A. 部分形容詞通常后置：n sum total governor general president electn B. 部分形容詞前置、后置意義相同：n every way possible/ possible explanationn something missing/ missing childn C. 部分形容詞前置、后置意義不同：n peopl

13、e present/ present feeling n D. 以-thing結(jié)尾的不定代詞的形容詞總后置： n something wrong nothing importantn E. 狀語形容詞可視具體情況前置、后置或插在句中。形容詞的位置形容詞的位置 2n 3）多個(gè)形容詞做定語時(shí)的順序。n A. 冠詞 品質(zhì)形容詞 顏色形容詞 類別形容詞 名詞： n a little white wooden house a small yellow wooden tablen B. 冠詞 大小/年齡形容詞 顏色形容詞 國家類別形容詞 分詞 名詞：n a beautiful old red French

14、 handmade cupboardn a handy little home-made calculator 形容詞的等級(jí)比較形容詞的等級(jí)比較 1n1. 形容詞等級(jí)的構(gòu)成形容詞等級(jí)的構(gòu)成n 1）改變詞尾改變詞尾 用于單音節(jié)詞和以-y/-ow/-er/-te結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞。閉n 音節(jié)詞要雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母。比較級(jí)加-er, 最高級(jí)加-est。n 2）加副詞加副詞 上述類別以外的加副詞more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加副詞most構(gòu)n 成最高級(jí)。n 3）不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 n good/well better best bad worse worst n much/many more most littl

15、e less leastn far farther/further farthest/furthestn old older/elder oldest/eldest形容詞的等級(jí)比較形容詞的等級(jí)比較 2n2. 形容詞等級(jí)的用法形容詞等級(jí)的用法n 1) 比較級(jí)比較級(jí) 用于二者之間的比較。n A. 用于than比較結(jié)構(gòu)：bigger than more exciting thann worse than usual. colder than yesterday. n quicker than by train more surprised than happyn happier that I hav

16、e ever been.n B. 單獨(dú)使用：feel better more expensive more suitablen C. 用于加強(qiáng)比較級(jí)的詞語：much far slightly any still even n no some a lot a little a bit a great deal a couple a few n 數(shù)詞n D. 表示倍數(shù):倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)adj./adv.+than n My flat is three times larger than his.形容詞的等級(jí)比較形容詞的等級(jí)比較 3n 2) 形容詞的最高級(jí)形容詞的最高級(jí)n A. 用于三者以上的比較,加定

17、冠詞，用in/of短語表示比較的范圍： n the oldest in the class the tallest of the three peoplen the best film that Ive seen.n B. 單獨(dú)使用: my oldest son the most expensive bookn C. 加定語: the third longest river in the world the shortest n possible time形容詞的同級(jí)比較形容詞的同級(jí)比較n同級(jí)比較同級(jí)比較句型（使用形容詞的原級(jí)）：n1. 表示二者“一樣/不一樣” as/soas:n He is

18、 as energetic as a young man. n The food wasnt so/as good as yesterday.n2. 表示倍數(shù)關(guān)系 倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.+as:n My flat is three times as large as his.n3. 典型短語n as brave as a lion 無畏 as busy as a bee 忙碌n as fat as a big 體胖如豬 as proud as a peacock 高傲n as sharp as needle 非常敏銳 as stupid as a donkey 笨拙副詞的類別副詞的

19、類別n1. 按對(duì)象對(duì)象分類n 1）針對(duì)動(dòng)詞n A. 時(shí)間副詞：now recently B. 頻度副詞：always often n C. 地點(diǎn)副詞：nearby in at D. 方式副詞：clearly badly gentlyn E. 程度副詞: almost poorly F. 強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞：simply truly quite n G. 方位副詞：inside backwards n H. 方面副詞：morally sociallyn 2) 句子副詞 針對(duì)句子， 用于修飾整個(gè)句子，可以同enough配合使n 用，如maybe, actually, fortunately, surely,

20、 luckily, funnily等。n 3）引導(dǎo)句子n A. 疑問副詞：when where how why 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句n B. 連接副詞：when where how why 引導(dǎo)狀語從句n C. 關(guān)系副詞：when where how why 引導(dǎo)定于從句 副詞在句子中副詞在句子中 的作用的作用n1. 做狀語狀語，修飾各種形式的動(dòng)詞。n2. 做表語表語，只限于那些既可做介詞，又可做副詞的小品詞in out upn down back 等。n The light is still on. Are you through (with your work)?n3. 做賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語，

21、只限于上述的小品詞。n Keep your coat on if you feel cold. I want it back now.n4. 做定語定語，只限于上述的小品詞。n Write you name in the place below.n The building around were badly damaged.n5. 做短語動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞的一部分，只限于上述的小品詞：give off go on get on副詞在句子中副詞在句子中 的位置的位置 1n 副詞在句子中的位置多變，基本取決于其修飾對(duì)象在意義表達(dá)上的需n 要。n1. 后置后置n 1）多數(shù)副詞在動(dòng)詞之后：He works

22、 hard. n 2）多數(shù)副詞動(dòng)在賓語之后： Hell come and see you tomorrow.n2. 中置中置n 1）副詞在主語和動(dòng)詞之間。n A. 賓語較長，為避免副詞離動(dòng)詞過遠(yuǎn)：n He carefully picked up all the bits of the broken glass.n B. 含義為關(guān)于性格、智力的副詞： n I foolishly forgot my passport. He warmly welcomed us.副詞在句子中副詞在句子中 的位置的位置 2n 2) 出于表達(dá)意義的需要，下列副詞中置。suddenly, soon, nearly, n

23、 surely, almost, just, still, really等n A. 在主語和動(dòng)詞之間：n I almost forgot about it. She suddenly fell ill. n B. 在系詞和表語之間：n The meeting is just over.n3. 前置前置 n 1) 副詞在句首n A. 強(qiáng)調(diào). 如：recently, indeed, really, apparently, indoors, 等:n Recently I havent been feeling well.n Indoors it was nice and warm.n B. 疑問副詞

24、：How are things going?n 副詞在句子中副詞在句子中 的位置的位置 3n C. 句子副詞：n Surely youll stay for dinner.n Luckily, she was in when I called. Honestly, I dont know.n Funnily enough, I met her only yesterday. n 2) 程度副詞 放在其所修飾的詞的前面：I wasnt much surprised. n 3) only和even 放在于其意義最密切相關(guān)的詞的前面，是邏輯中心。n Only he knows some Englis

25、h. He can only read; he cant speak.n She speaks only French. Ill stay only for two days.n Even he doesnt know this word. She even helped us to do that.n Even at night he seldom relaxed. It was cold even in August.n 副詞的比較等級(jí)和使用副詞的比較等級(jí)和使用n1. 副詞等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和使用與形容詞的情況基本相同。副詞等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和使用與形容詞的情況基本相同。n2. 副詞的比較等級(jí)的一些特殊用

26、法。n 1）had better/ had best do sty:n Wed better not disturb him. I had best fax them our plans.n 2) to know better than (to) do something: 懂得不宜作某事： n He knew better than to mention this to her.n 3) to think better (of) sth: 改變主意/決定不這樣做： n He used to be a racial and thought better of it.n 形容詞和副詞及其短語形容

27、詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要用法舉要 1n1. more / less 短語n 1) more than 超過/很/十分/不僅僅n He cant be more than thirty. She was more than pleased.n She has been away for more than a year.n no more than （=only, 所指數(shù)目具體)：n He spent no more than 3 dollars for the book.(He did spend 3 n dollars)n not more than (=at most, 所指數(shù)目不具體)：

28、n There are not more than 20 rooms. (There are 2 or 3 less than 20)n 2) more than 更多而不是n There is more war movie than a western (movie). 是戰(zhàn)爭片而不n 是西部片。n 3) more and more 越來越 The story gets more and more exciting.形容詞和副詞及其短語形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要用法舉要 2n 4) the more the more 越越n The warmer the weather, the bett

29、er I feel.n 5) less than 不到, 不太: I bought it for less than a dollar.n 6) no less than 多達(dá)，不少于 :Its population is no less than two n million.n 7) more or less 大約, 整體上：The work is more or less finished.n2. worthn 1) to be worth+表示價(jià)格/價(jià)值的詞語： n to be worth $400/much/ the price/ what you paid for itn 2) to

30、 be worth doing (=to be done): Is this play worth seeing?n3. a good/great many（=a good few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞）：n Ive been there a good/great many times.形容詞和副詞及其短語形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要用法舉要 3n4. to be + adj. + to/for sbn to be important to/for sb to be necessary to/for sbn to be useful to/for sb to be harmful to/for sbn

31、 to be harmless to/for to be natural to sb (某人天生的)n to be unknown to sb to be helpful to sbn to be valuable to n5. to be sorry n 1) to be sorry, but . 2) to be sorry that .n 3) to be sorry to do sth 4) to be/feel sorry for/about sb/sthn6. to be afraidn 1) to be afraid to do sth 2) to be afraid of do

32、ing sth/sth/sbn7. adj.+and+adj.=adv.n good and cold= very cold rare and hungry= very hungryn nice and tired= very tired n 形容詞和副詞及其短語形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要用法舉要 4n 8. most= very: He is a most(=very) proud man most (very) thankfuln 9. very, adj. 一樣的；同一的：the very question she asked yesterdayn10. seldom=hardly e

33、ver/ rarely: n11. happily for sb (sb is lucky）n12. some time/ sometime/sometimesn13. one day ( used in past or future)/ some day (used in future)n14. the other day (used in past) /some other day (used in future)n15. every day (adv.) /everyday (adj.)n16. would/had/d rathern 1) would/d rather sb did/had done sty:n I would rather you went home now。 (present time)n I would rather you had stayed with us yesterday. (past time)形容詞和副詞及其短語形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要用法舉要 5n 2) would/d rather do A than do B (不做B，做A)n 3) would