動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣(完整版)2

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) 1）下列動(dòng)詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is r

2、inging. 3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在動(dòng)詞hope, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.前言 它它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)所說(shuō)內(nèi)容的看法和態(tài)度，有

3、陳述、祈使、虛擬說(shuō)內(nèi)容的看法和態(tài)度，有陳述、祈使、虛擬 三種語(yǔ)氣。三種語(yǔ)氣。 一、陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣 (The Indicative Mood)用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。Japan lies on the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)東部。日本位于中國(guó)東部。The fish is not alive without water. 魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。People dont hibernate. 人不冬眠。人不冬眠。What a strange-looking perso

4、n (he is)! 相貌好古怪的人！相貌好古怪的人！ 二、祈使語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣 (The Imperative Mood)用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。Dont be worry. 不要著急。不要著急。Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English, please.不要用漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。不要用漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。Let me have a try. 讓我試一試。讓我試一試。Let him go. 讓他走吧。讓他走吧。 三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (The Subjunctive Mood)表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建

5、議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。的愿望。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。該語(yǔ)法主要用于該語(yǔ)法主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句。也可用于。也可用于主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句等。等。 通常有三種情況：通常有三種情況：與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 （過(guò)去虛擬）（過(guò)去虛擬）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 （現(xiàn)在虛擬）（現(xiàn)在虛擬）與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。（將來(lái)虛擬）與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。（將來(lái)虛擬）If he h

6、ad been here, he would have agreed with me. 如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)同意我的意見(jiàn)。如果他在這兒，他就會(huì)同意我的意見(jiàn)。I wish I could fly. 我希望我能飛。我希望我能飛。動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有有條件從句條件從句的的主從復(fù)合句中主從復(fù)合句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣某些動(dòng)詞的某些動(dòng)詞的賓賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句中的虛中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣擬語(yǔ)氣某些某些名詞性名詞性從句從句中的虛中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣的的練習(xí)練習(xí) 一、有條件從句的主從復(fù)合句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 從句用過(guò)去式（ Be動(dòng)詞用were ），主句用would/ should/ cou

7、ld/ might +V，should只用于第一人稱(chēng)。2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。四、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣四、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、虛擬倒裝句一、虛擬倒裝句 If從句中若含有從句中若含有should, had 或者或者were，那么就可，那么就可以把它們放在句首，與主語(yǔ)顛倒形成倒裝，但動(dòng)詞過(guò)以把它們放在句首，與主語(yǔ)顛倒形成倒裝，但動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不可以與主語(yǔ)倒裝。去式不可以與主語(yǔ)倒裝。What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk far

8、therC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherWere he here, he would come to help us. 如果他在，他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們。如果他在，他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們。Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 假如你剛才在這里，你就會(huì)遇見(jiàn)她。假如你剛才在這里，你就會(huì)遇見(jiàn)她。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 假如我明天看見(jiàn)他，我就會(huì)告訴他關(guān)于這一切。假如我明天看見(jiàn)他，我就會(huì)告訴他關(guān)于這一切。

9、Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded. 假如你按照我說(shuō)的去做，你就會(huì)成功。假如你按照我說(shuō)的去做，你就會(huì)成功。二、錯(cuò)綜（混合）條件句二、錯(cuò)綜（混合）條件句 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked wou

10、ld knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowIf you hadnt bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? If he had set out earlier, he would be home now. 如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我家會(huì)來(lái)了。假如我不忙，我家會(huì)來(lái)了。You would be muc

11、h better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好的多。假如你接受了我的意見(jiàn)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好的多。Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have made三、介詞短語(yǔ)表?xiàng)l件三、介詞短語(yǔ)表?xiàng)l件 用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由with, without, but for等。等。What would you do

12、 with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollarsNothing could live without the sun.But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded.考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken四、情境中提供虛擬語(yǔ)氣四、情境中提供虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Suppose there were no g

13、ravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段代替條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet

14、.（副詞）（副詞）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）（連詞）A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定語(yǔ)從句）（定語(yǔ)從句）Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）五、含蓄條件句五、含蓄條件句Having

15、taken everything into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）I might have given you more help , but I was too busy .（連詞）六、 其它手段Given more time, we could have done it better .（分詞短語(yǔ)） Such mista

16、kes could have been avoided .（通過(guò)上下文）5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在含有、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句中，相當(dāng)于條件句中，相當(dāng)于but for。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.6、虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的句型中。虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可以在口語(yǔ)中，使語(yǔ)氣顯得比較客氣委婉。 這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多

17、由should, would, could,might加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成： 陳述自己的看法： It would be a shame to stop the work halfway. 提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)： Would you mind turning the light on? 提出建議或勸告： You had better leave the matter to me. 提出問(wèn)題： 1.What would you advise me to do? 2.Do you think you could spare us a few minutes?It would be better for you

18、not to do that. Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station.返回返回二、某些動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1、wishwish. 不同的虛擬形式表示與任何時(shí)間相反的愿望。a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或愿望。b.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用過(guò)去完成式或could+不定式完成式。c c、與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用、與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would/should/could+V.Eg. I wish I would go.d d、與現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行式

19、。、與現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。Eg. I wish he wasnt / werent talking.以上虛擬形式均不可省略。以上虛擬形式均不可省略。 2、表示命令,建議,要求的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。返回 謂語(yǔ)用謂語(yǔ)用should+V. shouldshould+V. should可省略。動(dòng)詞是：一堅(jiān)持可省略。動(dòng)詞是：一堅(jiān)持( insist), ( insist), 二命令二命令(order,command,appoint ), (order,command,appoint ), 四建議四建議(suggest, propose, advise,recommend)

20、, (suggest, propose, advise,recommend), 六要求六要求( request,require,demand,desire,ask,urge ).( request,require,demand,desire,ask,urge ).但但 suggest suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“ “ 暗示、表明暗示、表明 ” ”,insist ,insist 表示表示“ “ 堅(jiān)持說(shuō)堅(jiān)持說(shuō) ” ”， “ “ 堅(jiān)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，用直陳語(yǔ)氣。時(shí)，用直陳語(yǔ)氣。Eg. I suggest that we(should)not smoke any more.Eg. I sugges

21、t that we(should)not smoke any more. Your grey clothes suggest that it is old. Your grey clothes suggest that it is old. I insisted that you were wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.三、某些名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1、上面一些表示命令、上面一些表示命令,建議建議,要求的動(dòng)詞都要求的動(dòng)詞都有相應(yīng)的名詞形式有相應(yīng)的名詞形式(suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advic

22、e , decision)，與之相關(guān)的表語(yǔ)、，與之相關(guān)的表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（同位語(yǔ)從句用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。Eg. My suggestion was that we (should) hold a meeting next week. I made a suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting next week.2、上面動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)從句中的謂動(dòng)用同、上面動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)從句中的謂動(dòng)用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 Eg. It is suggested that we (sho

23、uld) hold a meeting next week.1.It is requested that Mr Smith should give a performance at the Party. 2.It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 3.It was arranged that they(should) leave the following week. 4.It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed (put off)

24、 till next Saturday.3 3、 It is important / necessary /It is important / necessary /thatthat It is strange /impossible / It is strange /impossible / thatthat It is a pity/a shame It is a pity/a shame /no wonder that/no wonder that等后動(dòng)等后動(dòng)用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It is necessary that he (should) come to our me

25、eting tomorrow.I am sorry that he should be in such poor health.We were surprised that he should be so lazy.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is important that we (should) unite with all that can be united in the struggle.It will be better that we meet some other time.It is s

26、trange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.It is quite natural that such fears should arise.It is a great pity that he should be so conceited (foolish). 4、 用ones idea, proposal, plan-等名詞后的表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句用同樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Eg. My idea is that we (should) get moreMy idea is that we (should) get more

27、 people to attend the meeting. people to attend the meeting.My suggestion is thatMy suggestion is that a few comrades a few comrades (should)be (should)be sentsent to help them. to help them.My idea is thatMy idea is that we we (should) do(should) do the work the work ourselves.ourselves.The order T

28、he order the Emperor had giventhe Emperor had given was that was that the the cloth cloth be wovenbe woven for so much money. for so much money. Their plan that the factory (should) be enlarged is true.What do you think of Xiao Yangs proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening? 以上

29、從句的構(gòu)造，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作均未發(fā)生，反映說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。 Eg. Its (high) time that the children went/should go to bed 5、Its (high) time that clause從句中表示建議用過(guò)去式或should+V.但should不可省略。返回四、某些狀語(yǔ)從句的四、某些狀語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1、as if/though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去式相反用過(guò)去式(be-were), 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式，與將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較小的情況用式，與將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較

30、小的情況用would+V.Eg. She loves the boy as if he were her own. He spoke as if he had known it. He doesnt study hard as though he would pass the entrance examination. 2、in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，常用引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，常用 can/could,may/might表示虛擬，否定結(jié)構(gòu)多用表示虛擬，否定結(jié)構(gòu)多用should+V.注意：注意：A：主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或祈使句，從句：主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或祈使句，從句用用can或

31、或may. B：主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用：主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用could / might.Eg. Bring it closer so that/in order that I can see it better. He came in quietly in order that/so that he should not wake up the baby.3、 if only 條件從句強(qiáng)調(diào)式，常省略結(jié)果主句，指不條件從句強(qiáng)調(diào)式，常省略結(jié)果主句，指不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句末常用感嘆號(hào)，意為能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，句末常用感嘆號(hào)，意為“要是要是該該多好啊！多好??！”用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，用用過(guò)去式表示與

32、現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望。Eg. If only I were at your age! If only I had come yesterday!B比較比較if only與與only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. If only 也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。If only he comes early.If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.could see C

33、.must see D.should see 6、在表示祝愿的句子中，謂動(dòng)用原形表虛擬，有時(shí)實(shí)行倒裝。Eg, Even if he were my brother, I would not trust him. Even though he had studied hard, he would not have passed the exam.Even if he studied hard, he wont pass the exam. Eg. Long live my motherland. (May) God bless you,young man. May our friendship

34、last for ever and ever. 5、用在、用在lest, for fear that和和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形或或動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。She closed the windows lest she catch cold. 4、even if, even though.（即使、縱然），引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從（即使、縱然），引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句。 （不管、盡管），主從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與（不管、盡管），主從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與 if 條件句相同。條件句相同。 返回1. Without electricity

35、human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be2. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to hospital at once. A. was warned / would not take B. had been warned / would not have taken C. would be warned / had not taken D. would have been warned / had not ta

36、ken3. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenCD5. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn

37、, you _ so tired. A. drove / didnt get B. drove / wouldnt get C. were driving / wouldnt get D. had driven / wouldnt have got6. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. takeD7. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C.

38、will be allowed D. is allowed8. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try9.We felt as if we _ each other for years. A.knew B.were knowing C.had known D.have knowing10. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.exploded C. ex

39、plode D.had explode11. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther12. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would know B. had asked would have known C. asked him know D

40、. had asked would know13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken14. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldn

41、t have got15. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night ,too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly分詞 分詞participle具有動(dòng)詞及形容詞二者特征的詞;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n結(jié)尾的英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞性形容詞,具有形容詞功能,同時(shí)又表現(xiàn)各種動(dòng)詞性特點(diǎn),如時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)、帶狀語(yǔ)性修

42、飾語(yǔ)的性能及帶賓詞的性能。 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要差別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成(不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成)。分詞可以有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或邏輯主語(yǔ)等。 1、分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。 分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句中主語(yǔ)相一致。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前時(shí), 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；當(dāng)所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。完成或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞 The students went out of the

43、 classroom, laughing and talking. （2）過(guò)去分詞 1Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 2Given better attention, the plants could grow better.2 、while ( when, once等連詞)分詞結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。1When leaving the airport, she waved again and aga

44、in to us.2While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.3If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 它是它是由介詞由介詞with或或without+復(fù)合復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或或without的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第一部分賓語(yǔ)由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第二部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

45、由形容詞、副詞、介二部分補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng)，或分詞充當(dāng)，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過(guò)過(guò)去分詞去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下： 1、with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞 例：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.2、with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞 例：She left the room with all the lights on.3、with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) 例：He walked into the

46、dark street with a stick in his hand.4、with或without-名詞/代詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式 例：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday. 5、with或without-名詞/代詞 +分詞 例：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由with后的賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，with后面的賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系) 6、without+名詞/代詞+補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 例：He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone n